INNOVATIONS INSTITUTIONNELLES FACE À LA CRISE POUR UNE MEILLEURE ADOPTION DES INNOVATIONS TECHNIQUES DES CEREALES IRRIGUEES EN TUNISIE
Résumé
The global economic crisis lived in 2007, related to the sharp rise in prices of cereal on the world market, has induced a doubling of the imported cereal invoice. This situation has constrained authorities to encourage the development of irrigated cereals as technical alternative to the weak and fluctuating yields. This paper aims to analyze the place of technical innovations in improvement yields and the role of institutional innovations to ensure their transfer. At the micro-economic level, an analysis of the socioeconomic and technical factors determining yield cereal was carried using a regression logistic model in five irrigated perimeters of Kairouan (center of the country). The results show positive significant effects of the new techniques adoption, encouragements by providing supplies and high academic level of farmer in improvement yields. The negative effect of water consumption of the farmers with high yield asks the question of the resource's durability. At the macro-economic level, the institutional innovations (structures and approaches), created recently in agricultural innovation system, were presented and analyzed. Those could improve the farm performances, but could not modify some socioeconomic factors related to the farmers and their families. The authority is the only guarantee of the innovation and its transfer. Efforts should be focused on a closed extension and targeted population taking into account the specific needs of each group in order to ensure a better transfer of the technical innovations. This activity of innovation transfer is now still complex and the participation of the profession is emergent.
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