Increase in late Neogene denudation of the European Alps confirmed by analysis of a fission-track thermochronology database

Antoine Vernon (1, 2) , Pieter van Der Beek (1) , Hugh Sinclair (2) , Meinert Rahn (3)

1 LGCA - Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines
2 School of Geosciences [Edinburgh]
3 HSK - Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate

A sharp increase in deposited sediment volume since Pliocene times has been observed worldwide and in particular around the European Alps. This phenomenon has been linked to a rise in denudation rates controlled by an increase of either climatic or tectonic forcing. Observation of in-situ cooling histories for orogens is critical to assess the reality of the inferred increase in denudation rates, and to determine whether this phenomenon is widespread or localized at active tectonic structures. We exploit the unique density of fission-track ages in the Western European Alps to reconstruct cooling isoage surfaces and to estimate exhumation rates on the orogen scale between 13.5 and 2.5 Ma. Our novel technique is based on the association of isoage contours with age–elevation relationships. It uses map-view interpolation, enabling a spatio-temporal analysis of exhumation rates over the entire Western Alps. The resulting exhumation histories reconstructed for eight areas of the Western Alps display strong similarities in timing and rates with orogen-wide average denudation rates inferred from sediment volumes. This consistency validates the use of both techniques for the study of an orogen characterized by strong relief and high recent exhumation rates. We conclude that exhumation rates in the Western Alps have increased more than twofold since Late Miocene times. This increase may have been locally modulated by the distinct response of different tectonic units.

Mots clés: Neogene exhumation; fission-track; isoage surface; Western Alps

Domaines: Géomorphologie; Tectonique; Milieux et Changements globaux; Interfaces continentales, environnement

Antoine Vernon, Pieter van Der Beek, Hugh Sinclair, Meinert Rahn. Increase in late Neogene denudation of the European Alps confirmed by analysis of a fission-track thermochronology database. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2008, 270 (3-4), pp.316-329. ⟨10.1016/j.epsl.2008.03.053⟩. ⟨hal-00286544⟩