, Par ailleurs, les ressources non-ontologiques (e.g. thésaurus, lexiques, classications) qui ont déjà a priori atteint un certain degré de consensus

, ? Documents de référence et lignes directrices fournis par MSF ou provenant de MSF Logistics Toolbox : e.g. typologie des activités logistiques, rapports sur "la logistique appliquée à la vaccination

, à partir de la typologie des activités logistiques sont identiés : (i) les classes d'interventions logistiques

, (ii) les activités ou domaines techniques qui leur sont associés, e.g. dans le cas des distributions : "Supply

, Documents de référence et manuels sur l'action humanitaire : e.g. Manuel Sphère, Logistics Operational Guide (LOG) 1

, ? Vocabulaires contrôlés identiés : e.g. MOAC, HXL pour la description des crises

. ?-ressources-non-ontologiques, Classication des types de catastrophes issue de la base de données internationale sur les catastrophes EM-DAT 2

, Analyse des documents disponibles sur chaque mission : e.g. rapports de situation, planning, listing RH

, les rapports de missions permettent d'identier les diérentes sources d'approvisionnements, les collaborations et partenariats

, ? Interactions avec les experts

, Concernant les concepts liés à l'évaluation des missions, les critères d'évaluation ont pu être identiés à partir : ? de l'analyse de l'existant : les critères DAC (Development Assistance Comittee) 3 , des critères proposés dans le cadre de l'évaluation de l'action humanitaire (Compas Qualité, URD) 4 et de travaux sur la performance de chaines logistiques humanitaires, 2008.

. Haavisto, , 2006.

, ? des interactions avec les experts et décideurs (métier)

. Home,

. Em-dat, Emergency Events Database

, Une autre perspective serait d'étendre l'approche de RetEx an de considérer

. Dempster-shafer-ontology, Dans un second temps, la modélisation adoptée dans la partie ARM devra être étendue. An d'être intégrée au sein d'une organisation l'outillage de l'approche est néliées par exemple : à la dénition des interactions

. Enn, une dernière perspective concerne l'exploitation et l'utilisation concrète des

;. Retex and . Weber, A quel niveau des processus de l'organisation cette connaissance intervient-elle ? Comment l'intégrer ? Quels modes de diusion, 2001.

M. Dans-le-cas-de,

, Exemple de Lessons Paper Nous avons proposé en introduction de ce manuscrit un exemple de produit du Re-tEx, nommé "lessons learned paper" et issu du processus de RetEx mené par l'ALNAP sur la réponse aux tremblements de terre

, Chine, 2005.

. Zélande, Japon, 2011.

, Across the project cycle

, Assessment and analysis, vol.3

, Strategic planning (2 leçons)

, Resource mobilisation (1 leçons)

, Monitoring, evaluation, accountability and learning Lesson (1 leçons)

, Coordination

C. , Strategic planning Lesson : Locate spaces to store debris and, if appropriate

, organisation non gouvernementale, Non-governmental-organizations

, Les termes assertions, déclarations ou triplets < s, p, o > sont équivalents et expriment des faits à propos de ressources

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L. Retour-d&apos;expérience, RetEx) propose un cadre conceptuel et diérentes démarches visant à enrichir une organisation apprenante (individu ou groupe) par la valorisation de connaissances issues d'expériences passées. Il suscite un intérêt grandissant auprès de décideurs de nombreux domaines compétitifs, soucieux d'optimiser leurs processus et conscients du caractère stratégique des connaissances liées à leur organisation. Diérents domaines de recherche intéressés, entre autres, par la gestion des connaissances et l'aide à la décision étudient depuis plusieurs années diérents aspects

, Nous étudions en particulier une typologie spécique de RetEx traitant d'expériences positives ou négatives en faible nombre, et reposant sur des processus à forte composante humaine nécessitant la prise en compte de notions liées à l'imprécision et à la subjectivité ; ce type de RetEx présente des dés importants pour la dénition de systèmes automatisés d'inférence de connaissances. La contribution principale défendue dans cette thèse porte sur la dénition d'une approche semi-automatisée de RetEx adaptée au contexte d'étude précité. Son originalité repose sur la dénition d'un cadre général permettant (i) la valorisation de données initialement non-structurées et hétérogènes, (ii) de nature imprécise, (iii) dans un contexte d'observations limitées (peu d'expériences), (iv) en intégrant de manière eciente l'expertise des acteurs du RetEx, subjective par nature, Nos travaux se concentrent sur l'étude de l'automatisation du RetEx en vue d'inférer, à partir d'expériences passées, des connaissances générales utiles pour de futures prises de décisions stratégiques

, Une nouvelle procédure d'analyse de la contribution des critères à la performance globale d'une expérience est proposée dans ce contexte. La seconde contribution technique porte sur la dénition d'une approche de découverte de règles d'association à partir de données imprécises, basée sur la théorie des fonctions de croyance et l'analyse multicritère (Electre I). Elle repose sur une procédure de sélection permettant d'identier les règles les plus pertinentes au regard d'informations caractérisant leur intérêt vis-à-vis d'un contexte d'étude. Cette procédure exploite notamment la connaissance a priori formalisée dans un modèle de connaissances de type ontologique et permet une interaction étroite avec les décideurs lors de la phase subjective, Notre approche repose sur le couplage de techniques de représentation des connaissances, d'analyse multicritère, et d'analyse de données

, The Lessons Learned (LL) approach oers a conceptual framework and various methods aiming at enriching a learning organization (an individual or a group) through the valorization of knowledge from previous experiences, Several important aspects of LL approaches (e.g. knowledge collection, representation and processing) have been studied in various research domains interested in knowledge management and decision-making

, This work main objective concerns the denition of a semi-automated LL approach, suitable for the aforementioned context. Its originality lies on the denition of a general framework enabling (i) the processing of initially unstructured and heterogeneous data, (ii) being imprecise, (iii) within a limited observations context (few experiences) and (iv) eciently integrating LL actors' expertise. In this approach, the generated knowledges are formal association rules that could be used in the future decision-making processes. Our approach relies on the coupling of knowledge representation, multiple-criteria analysis and data analysis techniques. Beyond this general framework, two technical contributions are proposed. The rst one denes a procedure for the identication of criteria of interest for the LL process, within the specic Electre Tri method framework. A new procedure to identify the criteria contribution to the overall performance of experiences is proposed in this context. The second contribution concerns an approach for mining Association Rules from imprecise data, which is based on belief functions framework and multiple-criteria analysis (Electre I). It is relying on a selection process aiming at identifying the most relevant rules based on information characterizing their interest regarding to an application context, Our work focuses on LL automation study for inferring, from previous experiences, general and useful knowledge for future strategic decision-making