, Pour conclure, nous avons montré que des mélanges d'espèces de tension de surface différente, présentant un écart par rapport à un comportement linéaire de la tension de surface, seront le siège d'écoulements par effet Marangoni lors de l'amincissement des films. Ils seront suffisants pour stabiliser les mousses pendant quelques dizaines de secondes. Ces effets qui sont très importants, ne suffisent pas à expliquer toutes les observations de stabilité de mousses d'huiles. Par ailleurs, l'interprétation du rôle des asphaltènes
, Ces travaux ouvrent la voie à la compréhension des mécanismes de stabilisation des mousses d'huiles. Il reste, en effet, à quantifier précisément le rôle des effets Marangoni, à préciser le rôle des effets colloïdaux, mais aussi à étudier les effets de cristallisation de surface
, On obtient alors en réécrivant l'équation (C.4) avec la relation ci-dessus
, Cette équation donne la variation de la densité surfacique en espèces A dans un système fermé après une modification de surface
, Remarque 1 : On peut vérifier que si le ratio entre A et B est le même en surface et en volume, une variation de surface ne fait pas varier
, Remarque 2 : si l'épaisseur tend vers l'infini, la variation s'annule
, Nous allons maintenant faire l'approximation que la tension de surface ? est la combinaison linéaire des deux tensions de surface respectives ? A et ? B de A et de B, pondérées par leur concentration surfacique
, La variation de la tension de surface sous l'effet d'un changement de surface peut alors s'écrire
, La première dérivée est donnée par la dérivée de l'équation (C.6) (en utilisant la conservation ? A +? B =????soit: Notons également que la dérivée peut s'exprimer à partir de la mesure de la dérivée de la tension superficielle avec la composition
, , vol.7
, Et on peut finalement éliminer à partir de l'équation C.6. En notant
The Properties of Petroleum Fluids, 1990. ,
Petroleum Refining: Crude Oil, Petroleum Products, Process Flowsheets; Editions TECHNIP, 1995. ,
Oilfield Processing of Petroleum: Crude Oil ,
Quantitative Evidence for Bridged Structures in Asphaltenes by Thin Film Pyrolysis, Energy Fuels, vol.25, issue.8, pp.3581-3589, 2011. ,
Asphaltene Molecular Size and Structure, J. Phys. Chem. A, issue.50, pp.11237-11245, 1999. ,
Evidence for Island Structures as the Dominant Architecture of Asphaltenes, Energy Fuels, vol.25, issue.4, pp.1597-1604, 2011. ,
Unraveling the Molecular Structures of Asphaltenes by Atomic Force Microscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol.137, issue.31, pp.9870-9876, 2015. ,
The Modified Yen Model, Energy Fuels, vol.24, issue.4, pp.2179-2207, 2010. ,
Insight into Asphaltene Nanoaggregate Structure Inferred by Small Angle Neutron and X-Ray Scattering, J. Phys. Chem. B, issue.21, pp.6827-6837, 2011. ,
Could the Asphaltene Solubility Class Index Be Used as the "Wax Appearance Temperature" of Asphaltenes? Illustration through the Study of the Polydispersity of PetroPhase, Asphaltenes. Energy Fuels, vol.32, issue.3, pp.2760-2768, 2017. ,
Interfacial Behavior of Asphaltenes, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, vol.233, pp.83-93, 2016. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01395288
, Investigation of Asphaltene Association with Vapor Pressure Osmometry and Interfacial Tension Measurements -Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, May, vol.16, 2018.
Crude Oil/Water Interface Characterization and Its Relation to Water-in-Oil Emulsion Stability, 2017. ,
Effects of Asphaltene Aggregation in Model Heptane-Toluene Mixtures on Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.196, issue.1, pp.23-34, 1997. ,
Effects of Asphaltene Solvency on Stability of Waterin-Crude-Oil Emulsions, J. Colloid Interface Sci, vol.189, issue.2, pp.242-253, 1997. ,
Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsion Stabilization: Review and Unanswered Questions, Energy Fuels, vol.26, issue.7, pp.4017-4026, 2012. ,
Adsorption Kinetics of Asphaltenes at Liquid Interfaces, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.256, issue.2, pp.268-272, 2002. ,
On the Interfacial Properties of Micrometre-Sized Water Droplets in Crude Oil, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, pp.3709-3723, 1990. ,
The Effects of Inorganic Solid Particles on Water and Crude Oil Emulsion Stability. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, pp.3389-3404, 2002. ,
Dynamic Surface Properties of Asphaltenes and Resins at the Oil-Air Interface, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.239, issue.2, pp.501-508, 2001. ,
Adsorbed Protein Layers at Fluid Interfaces: Interactions, Structure and Surface Rheology, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol.15, issue.2, pp.161-176, 1999. ,
, Saint-Jalmes, A. Les Mousses : Structure et Dynamique; Belin, 2010.
Super-Stabilisation de Mousses Aqueuses Par Des Fluides Complexes, 2015. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01366637
Bursting Bubble Aerosols, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.696, pp.5-44, 2012. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00784548
Marginal Pinching" in Soap Films, EPL, vol.55, issue.6, p.834, 2001. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00010086
Stability of Aqueous Films between Bubbles. Part 1. The Effect of Speed on Bubble Coalescence in Purified Water and Simple Electrolyte Solutions, Langmuir, vol.2010, issue.11, pp.8061-8074 ,
Walking on Water: Biolocomotion at the Interface, In Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol.38, pp.339-369, 2006. ,
Viscous Marangoni Propulsion, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.705, pp.120-133, 2012. ,
, Effet Marangoni Aux Interfaces Fluides. Physique, Université Rennes, vol.1, p.167, 2015.
Marangoni Flow of Soluble Amphiphiles, Phys. Rev. Lett, issue.20, p.208302, 2014. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00997479
The Role of Surface Transport in the Stability and Breakdown of Foams, Australian Journal of Chemistry -AUST J CHEM, vol.5, 1952. ,
The Marangoni Effects, Nature, vol.187, issue.4733, pp.186-188, 1960. ,
Bubble Vortex at Surfaces of Evaporating Liquids, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.297, issue.1, pp.251-260, 2006. ,
Foaminess of Binary and Ternary Solutions, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.79, issue.15, pp.1561-1565, 1975. ,
Surface Freezing in Chain Molecules: Normal Alkanes, Phys. Rev. E, vol.55, issue.3, pp.3164-3182, 1997. ,
Crystalline Bilayers on the Surface of Molten Alcohol, EPL, vol.30, issue.5, p.283, 1995. ,
Surface Freezing in Binary Mixtures of Alkanes: New Phases and Phase Transitions, Phys. Rev. Lett, issue.7, pp.1332-1335, 1995. ,
Oleofoams: Properties of Crystal-Coated Bubbles from Whipped Oleogels-Evidence for Pickering Stabilization, Langmuir, vol.2017, issue.6, pp.1563-1575 ,
Dual Marangoni Effects and Detection of Traces of Surfactants, Soft Matter, vol.14, issue.17, pp.3378-3386, 2018. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01824919
Surface Tension of Alcohol Water + Water from 20 to 50 .Degree.C, J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol.40, issue.3, pp.611-614, 1995. ,
Feature Point Tracking and Trajectory Analysis for Video Imaging in Cell Biology, J. Struct. Biol, vol.151, issue.2, pp.182-195, 2005. ,
Adsorption Kinetics and Structural Arrangements of Cationic Surfactants on Silica Surfaces, Langmuir, vol.16, issue.24, pp.9374-9380, 2000. ,
Kinetics of Adsorption of Cationic Surfactants at Silica-Water Interface, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.205, issue.1, pp.12-20, 1998. ,
Effect of Pentanol Adsorption on the Forces Between Bilayers of a Cationic Surfactant, J. Phys. Chem, issue.22, pp.5841-5845, 1986. ,
Stagnation-Point Flow towards a Stretching Surface, Can. J. Chem. Eng, vol.81, issue.2, pp.258-263, 2003. ,
Diffusion Coefficients of Some Organic and Other Vapors in Air, Anal. Chem, issue.7, pp.1072-1077, 1968. ,
Mutual Diffusion-Coefficient of Ethanol-Water Mixtures -Determination, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci, vol.336, pp.393-406, 1606. ,
, Physicochemical Hydrodynamics
, , 1962.
Laser-Induced Marangoni Convection in the Presence of Surfactant Monolayers, Langmuir, vol.18, issue.25, pp.9792-9798, 2002. ,
Surfactant Effects on the Motion of a Droplet in Thermocapillary Migration, Int. J. Multiph. Flow, vol.23, issue.2, pp.325-335, 1997. ,
Hydrodynamic Stability of Surfactant Solutions Heated from Below, J. Fluid Mech, vol.51, issue.JAN25, p.385, 1972. ,
Oscillatory Marangoni Instability in a Heated Layer with Insoluble Surfactant Adsorbed on the Free Surface, Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp, vol.521, pp.161-166, 2017. ,
Parametric Excitation of Oscillatory Marangoni Instability in a Heated Liquid Layer Covered by Insoluble Surfactant, Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top, vol.226, issue.6, pp.1287-1296, 2017. ,
Modeling Adsorption of Cationic Surfactants at Air/Water Interface without Using the Gibbs Equation, Langmuir, vol.29, issue.15, pp.4743-4749, 2013. ,
, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
The Surface Tension of Pure Liquid Compounds, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, vol.1972, issue.4, pp.841-1010 ,
Viscosity, and Refractive Index of the Binary Mixtures of Cyclohexane with Hexane, Heptane, Octane, Nonane, and Decane at (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol.41, issue.3, pp.521-525, 1996. ,
Estimation Des Enthalpies de Vaporisation Des Composes Organiques Liquides, Partie 1. Applications Aux Alcanes, Cycloalcanes, Alcenes, Hydrocarbures Benzeniques, Alcools, Alcanes Thiols, Chloro et Bromoalcanes, Nitriles, Esters, Acides et Aldehydes, vol.36, pp.39-65, 1980. ,
The Growth, Drainage and Bursting of Foams, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol.274, issue.1, pp.110-124, 2006. ,
A Review of Foam Drainage, Adv. Chem. Phys, vol.102, pp.315-374, 1997. ,
Experimental Study of Foamy Oil Stability, Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, issue.04, p.36, 1997. ,
Factors Contributing to Petroleum Foaming. 1. Crude Oil Systems, Energy Fuels, vol.16, issue.3, pp.700-710, 2002. ,
Factors Contributing to Petroleum Foaming. 2. Synthetic Crude Oil Systems, Energy Fuels, vol.16, issue.3, pp.711-717, 2002. ,
Flottation -Mécanismes et réactifs, p.25, 2000. ,
Hydrodynamique Physique, EDP Sciences et CNRS Editions, 2012. ,