R. , D. E. Zampolli, and A. , Antiatherogenic effects of n-3 fatty acids -evidence and mechanisms, Heart international, vol.2, p.141, 2006.

A. Ishikado, K. Morino, Y. Nishio, F. Nakagawa, A. Mukose et al., 4-Hydroxy hexenal derived from docosahexaenoic acid protects endothelial cells via Nrf2 activation, PloS one, issue.8, p.69415, 2013.

D. B. Jump, C. M. Depner, and S. Tripathy, Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and cardiovascular disease, Journal of lipid research, vol.53, pp.2525-2545, 2012.

J. Shalhoub, M. A. Falck-hansen, A. H. Davies, and C. Monaco, Innate immunity and monocytemacrophage activation in atherosclerosis, Journal of inflammation, 2009.

O. M. Pello, C. Silvestre, M. De-pizzol, and V. Andres, A glimpse on the phenomenon of macrophage polarization during atherosclerosis, Immunobiology, vol.216, pp.1172-1176, 2011.

J. Khallou-laschet, A. Varthaman, G. Fornasa, C. Compain, A. T. Gaston et al., PloS one, vol.5, p.8852, 2010.

E. Titos, B. Rius, A. Gonzalez-periz, C. Lopez-vicario, E. Moran-salvador et al., Resolvin D1 and its precursor docosahexaenoic acid promote resolution of adipose tissue inflammation by eliciting macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype, Journal of immunology, vol.187, pp.5408-5418, 2011.

F. Thies, J. M. Garry, P. Yaqoob, K. Rerkasem, J. Williams et al., Association of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with stability of atherosclerotic plaques: a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, vol.361, pp.477-485, 2003.

S. Wang, D. Wu, N. R. Matthan, S. Lamon-fava, J. L. Lecker et al., Reduction in dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid ratio minimizes atherosclerotic lesion formation and inflammatory response in the LDL receptor null mouse, Atherosclerosis, vol.204, pp.147-155, 2009.

K. Nakajima, T. Yamashita, T. Kita, M. Takeda, N. Sasaki et al., Orally administered eicosapentaenoic acid induces rapid regression of atherosclerosis via modulating the phenotype of dendritic cells in LDL receptor-deficient mice, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.31, 1963.

M. Matsumoto, M. Sata, D. Fukuda, K. Tanaka, M. Soma et al., Orally administered eicosapentaenoic acid reduces and stabilizes atherosclerotic lesions in ApoEdeficient mice, Atherosclerosis, vol.197, pp.524-533, 2008.

M. Keophiphath, C. Rouault, A. Divoux, K. Clement, and D. Lacasa, CCL5 promotes macrophage recruitment and survival in human adipose tissue, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.30, pp.39-45, 2010.

K. J. Moore, F. J. Sheedy, and E. A. Fisher, Macrophages in atherosclerosis: a dynamic balance, Nature reviews. Immunology, vol.13, pp.709-721, 2013.

E. E. Eriksson, Mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic lesions: future prospects, Current opinion in lipidology, vol.15, pp.553-558, 2004.

Y. Huo, A. Hafezi-moghadam, and K. Ley, Role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and fibronectin connecting segment-1 in monocyte rolling and adhesion on early atherosclerotic lesions, Circulation research, vol.87, pp.153-159, 2000.

M. Luchtefeld, C. Grothusen, A. Gagalick, K. Jagavelu, H. Schuett et al., Chemokine receptor 7 knockout attenuates atherosclerotic plaque development, Circulation, vol.122, pp.1621-1628, 2010.

W. Wan, M. S. Lionakis, Q. Liu, E. Roffe, and P. M. Murphy, Genetic deletion of chemokine receptor Ccr7 exacerbates atherogenesis in ApoE-deficient mice, Cardiovascular research, vol.97, pp.580-588, 2013.

R. Forster, A. Schubel, D. Breitfeld, E. Kremmer, I. Renner-muller et al., CCR7 coordinates the primary immune response by establishing functional microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs, Cell, vol.99, pp.23-33, 1999.

Y. Tsukamoto, W. E. Helsel, and S. M. Wahl, Macrophage production of fibronectin, a chemoattractant for fibroblasts, Journal of immunology, vol.127, pp.673-678, 1981.

P. C. Calder, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: nutrition or pharmacology?, British journal of clinical pharmacology, vol.75, pp.645-662, 2013.

E. A. Jaffe, J. T. Ruggiero, and D. J. Falcone, Monocytes and macrophages synthesize and secrete thrombospondin, Blood, vol.65, pp.79-84, 1985.

E. Galkina and K. Ley, Vascular adhesion molecules in atherosclerosis, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.27, pp.2292-2301, 2007.

A. Zernecke, E. Shagdarsuren, and C. Weber, Chemokines in atherosclerosis: an update, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.28, pp.1897-1908, 2008.

R. De-caterina, M. I. Cybulsky, S. K. Clinton, M. A. Gimbrone, . Jr et al., The omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoate reduces cytokine-induced expression of proatherogenic and proinflammatory proteins in human endothelial cells, Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis : a journal of vascular biology, American Heart Association, vol.14, pp.1829-1836, 1994.

C. Weber, W. Erl, A. Pietsch, U. Danesch, and P. C. Weber, Docosahexaenoic acid selectively attenuates induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and subsequent monocytic cell adhesion to human endothelial cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.15, pp.622-628, 1995.

E. S. Collie-duguid and K. W. Wahle, Inhibitory effect of fish oil N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, Biochemical and biophysical research communications, vol.220, pp.969-974, 1996.

D. A. Hughes, S. Southon, and A. C. Pinder, n-3) Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the expression of functionally associated molecules on human monocytes in vitro, The Journal of nutrition, vol.126, pp.603-610, 1996.

E. A. Miles, F. A. Wallace, and P. C. Calder, Dietary fish oil reduces intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and scavenger receptor expression on murine macrophages, Atherosclerosis, vol.152, pp.43-50, 2000.

W. Reith and B. Mach, The bare lymphocyte syndrome and the regulation of MHC expression, Annual review of immunology, vol.19, pp.331-373, 2001.

D. A. Hughes and A. C. Pinder, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit the antigen-presenting function of human monocytes, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.71, pp.357-360, 2000.

V. E. Kelley, A. Ferretti, S. Izui, and T. B. Strom, A fish oil diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid reduces cyclooxygenase metabolites, and suppresses lupus in MRL-lpr mice, Journal of immunology, vol.134, pp.1914-1919, 1985.

J. Mosquera, B. Rodriguez-iturbe, and G. Parra, Fish oil dietary supplementation reduces Ia expression in rat and mouse peritoneal macrophages, Clinical immunology and immunopathology, vol.56, pp.124-129, 1990.

S. C. Huang, M. L. Misfeldt, and K. L. Fritsche, Dietary fat influences Ia antigen expression and immune cell populations in the murine peritoneum and spleen, The Journal of nutrition, vol.122, pp.1219-1231, 1992.

A. Mantovani, C. Garlanda, and M. Locati, Macrophage diversity and polarization in atherosclerosis: a question of balance, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.29, pp.1419-1423, 2009.

M. A. Bouhlel, B. Derudas, E. Rigamonti, R. Dievart, J. Brozek et al.,

P. C. Calder, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.83, pp.1505-1519, 2006.

T. H. Lee, R. L. Hoover, J. D. Williams, R. I. Sperling, J. Ravalese et al., Effect of dietary enrichment with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on in vitro neutrophil and monocyte leukotriene generation and neutrophil function, The New England journal of medicine, vol.312, pp.1217-1224, 1985.

D. S. Kelley, P. C. Taylor, G. J. Nelson, P. C. Schmidt, A. Ferretti et al., Docosahexaenoic acid ingestion inhibits natural killer cell activity and production of inflammatory mediators in young healthy men, Lipids, vol.34, pp.317-324, 1999.

S. N. Meydani, S. Endres, M. M. Woods, B. R. Goldin, C. Soo et al., Oral (n-3) fatty acid supplementation suppresses cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation: comparison between young and older women, The Journal of nutrition, vol.121, pp.547-555, 1991.

P. Yaqoob and P. Calder, Effects of dietary lipid manipulation upon inflammatory mediator production by murine macrophages, Cellular immunology, vol.163, pp.120-128, 1995.

G. E. Caughey, E. Mantzioris, R. A. Gibson, L. G. Cleland, and M. J. James, The effect on human tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta production of diets enriched in n-3 fatty acids from vegetable oil or fish oil, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.63, pp.116-122, 1996.

K. H. Baumann, F. Hessel, I. Larass, T. Muller, P. Angerer et al., Dietary omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 unsaturated fatty acids and growth factor and cytokine gene expression in unstimulated and stimulated monocytes. A randomized volunteer study, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.19, pp.59-66, 1999.

S. Sethi, A. Y. Eastman, and J. W. Eaton, Inhibition of phagocyte-endothelium interactions by oxidized fatty acids: a natural anti-inflammatory mechanism?, The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, vol.128, pp.27-38, 1996.

G. L. Milne, H. Yin, K. D. Hardy, S. S. Davies, and L. J. Roberts, 2nd: Isoprostane generation and function, Chemical reviews, vol.111, pp.5973-5996, 2011.

D. Mozaffarian and J. H. Wu, Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.58, pp.2047-2067, 2011.

E. S. Musiek, J. D. Brooks, M. Joo, E. Brunoldi, A. Porta et al., Electrophilic cyclopentenone neuroprostanes are anti-inflammatory mediators formed from the peroxidation of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.283, 2008.

A. Mishra, A. Chaudhary, and S. Sethi, Oxidized omega-3 fatty acids inhibit NF-kappaB activation via a PPARalpha-dependent pathway, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.24, pp.1621-1627, 2004.

G. Zanoni, E. M. Brunoldi, A. Porta, and G. Vidari, Asymmetric synthesis of 14-A4t-neuroprostane: hunting for a suitable biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases, The Journal of organic chemistry, vol.72, pp.9698-9703, 2007.

T. Durand, A. Guy, O. Henry, A. Roland, S. Bernad et al., Total syntheses of iso-, neuro-and phytoprostanes: new insight in lipid chemistry, Chemistry and physics of lipids, vol.128, pp.15-33, 2004.

M. Spite and C. N. Serhan, Novel lipid mediators promote resolution of acute inflammation: impact of aspirin and statins, Circulation research, vol.107, pp.1170-1184, 2010.

P. C. Calder, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: nutrition or pharmacology?, British journal of clinical pharmacology, vol.75, pp.645-662, 2013.

D. B. Jump, C. M. Depner, and S. Tripathy, Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and cardiovascular disease, Journal of lipid research, vol.53, pp.2525-2545, 2012.

T. Itoh, L. Fairall, K. Amin, Y. Inaba, A. Szanto et al., Structural basis for the activation of PPARgamma by oxidized fatty acids, Nature structural & molecular biology, vol.15, pp.924-931, 2008.

P. C. Calder, Mechanisms of action of (n-3) fatty acids, The Journal of nutrition, 592S-599S. REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES Références Bibliographiques, vol.142, 2012.

, Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico, Lancet, vol.354, issue.9177, pp.447-455

M. Y. Abeywardena and R. J. Head, Longchain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and blood vessel function, Cardiovascular research, vol.52, issue.3, pp.361-371, 2001.

Y. Adan, K. Shibata, W. Ni, Y. Tsuda, M. Sato et al., Concentration of serum lipids and aortic lesion size in female and male apo E-deficient mice fed docosahexaenoic acid, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, vol.63, issue.2, pp.309-313, 1999.

Y. Adkins and D. S. Kelley, Mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, vol.21, issue.9, pp.781-792, 2010.

C. M. Albert, H. Campos, M. J. Stampfer, P. M. Ridker, J. E. Manson et al., Blood levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and the risk of sudden death, The New England journal of medicine, vol.346, issue.15, pp.1113-1118, 2002.

C. M. Albert, C. H. Hennekens, O. Donnell, C. J. Ajani, U. A. Carey et al., Fish consumption and risk of sudden cardiac death, JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, vol.279, issue.1, pp.23-28, 1998.

J. M. Alessandri, A. Extier, P. Astorg, M. Lavialle, S. N. Guesnet et al., Métabolisme des acides gras oméga-3: différences entre hommes et femmes, Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme, vol.23, pp.55-66, 2009.

P. Angerer, W. Kothny, S. Stork, and C. Von-schacky, Effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on progression of atherosclerosis in carotid arteries, Cardiovascular research, vol.54, issue.1, pp.183-190, 2002.

Y. Araki, M. Matsumiya, T. Matsuura, M. Oishi, M. Kaibori et al., Peroxidation of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibits the Induction of iNOS Gene Expression in Proinflammatory Cytokine-Stimulated Hepatocytes, Journal of nutrition and metabolism, p.374542, 2011.

M. Arita, C. B. Clish, and C. N. Serhan, The contributions of aspirin and microbial oxygenase to the biosynthesis of anti-inflammatory resolvins: novel oxygenase products from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Biochemical and biophysical research communications, vol.338, issue.1, pp.149-157, 2005.

M. Arita, T. Ohira, Y. P. Sun, S. Elangovan, N. Chiang et al., Resolvin E1 selectively interacts with leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 and ChemR23 to regulate inflammation, Journal of immunology, vol.178, issue.6, pp.3912-3917, 2007.

A. Ascherio, E. B. Rimm, M. J. Stampfer, E. L. Giovannucci, and W. C. Willett, Dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids, fish intake, and the risk of coronary disease among men, The New England journal of medicine, vol.332, issue.15, pp.977-982, 1995.

M. Awada, C. O. Soulage, A. Meynier, C. Debard, P. Plaisancie et al.,

, PUFA induce oxidative stress and inflammation: role of intestinal absorption of 4-HHE and reactivity in intestinal cells, Journal of lipid research, vol.53, issue.10, pp.2069-2080

D. Bagga, L. Wang, R. Farias-eisner, J. A. Glaspy, and S. T. Reddy, Differential effects of prostaglandin derived from omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on COX-2 expression and IL-6 secretion, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.100, issue.4, pp.1751-1756, 2003.

E. M. Balk, A. H. Lichtenstein, M. Chung, B. Kupelnick, P. Chew et al., Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary restenosis, intima-media thickness, and exercise tolerance: a systematic review, Atherosclerosis, vol.184, issue.2, pp.237-246, 2006.

E. M. Balk, A. H. Lichtenstein, M. Chung, B. Kupelnick, P. Chew et al., Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review, Atherosclerosis, vol.189, issue.1, pp.19-30, 2006.

H. O. Bang, J. Dyerberg, and H. M. Sinclair, The composition of the Eskimo food in north western Greenland, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.33, issue.12, pp.2657-2661, 1980.

A. Baudin-b-&-cohen, Données épidémiologiques des maladies cardiovasculaires et prise en charge des accidents cardiovasculaires. Revue francophone des laboratoires, vol.409, pp.27-39, 2009.

K. H. Baumann, F. Hessel, I. Larass, T. Muller, P. Angerer et al., Dietary omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 unsaturated fatty acids and growth factor and cytokine gene expression in unstimulated and stimulated monocytes. A randomized volunteer study, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.19, issue.1, pp.59-66, 1999.

J. Berdah and G. Amah, Differences between women and men: even through cardiovascular risk factors, 2009.

, Gynecologie, obstetrique & fertilite, vol.37, issue.2, pp.186-193

N. Bernoud-hubac and L. J. Roberts, Identification of oxidized derivatives of neuroketals, Biochemistry, vol.41, issue.38, pp.11466-11471, 2002.

M. A. Bouhlel, B. Derudas, E. Rigamonti, R. Dievart, J. Brozek et al., PPARgamma activation primes human monocytes into alternative M2 macrophages with anti-inflammatory properties, Cell metabolism, vol.6, issue.2, pp.137-143, 2007.

J. L. Breslow, Mouse models of atherosclerosis, Science, vol.272, issue.5262, pp.685-688, 1996.

J. D. Brooks, G. L. Milne, H. Yin, S. C. Sanchez, N. A. Porter et al., Formation of highly reactive cyclopentenone isoprostane compounds (A3/J3-isoprostanes) in vivo from eicosapentaenoic acid, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.283, issue.18, pp.12043-12055, 2008.

J. D. Brooks, E. S. Musiek, T. R. Koestner, J. N. Stankowski, J. R. Howard et al., The fatty acid oxidation product 15-A3t-isoprostane is a potent inhibitor of NFkappaB transcription and macrophage transformation, Journal of neurochemistry, vol.119, issue.3, pp.604-616, 2011.

A. A. Brown and F. B. Hu, Dietary modulation of endothelial function: implications for cardiovascular disease, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.73, issue.4, pp.673-686, 2001.

A. L. Brown, X. Zhu, S. Rong, S. Shewale, J. Seo et al., Omega-3 fatty acids ameliorate atherosclerosis by favorably altering monocyte subsets and limiting monocyte recruitment to aortic lesions, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.32, issue.9, pp.2122-2130, 2012.

M. S. Brown and J. L. Goldstein, Familial hypercholesterolemia: A genetic defect in the lowdensity lipoprotein receptor, The New England journal of medicine, vol.294, issue.25, pp.1386-1390, 1976.

H. C. Bucher, P. Hengstler, C. Schindler, and G. Meier, N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, The American journal of medicine, vol.112, issue.4, pp.298-304, 2002.

M. L. Burr, Secondary prevention of CHD in UK men: the Diet and Reinfarction Trial and its sequel, The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, vol.66, issue.1, pp.9-15, 2007.

M. L. Burr, P. A. Ashfield-watt, F. D. Dunstan, A. M. Fehily, P. Breay et al., Lack of benefit of dietary advice to men with angina: results of a controlled trial, European journal of clinical nutrition, vol.57, issue.2, pp.193-200, 2003.

M. L. Burr, D. Fd, and C. H. George, Is fish oil good or bad for heart disease? Two trials with apparently conflicting results, The Journal of membrane biology, vol.206, issue.2, pp.155-163, 2005.

M. L. Burr, A. M. Fehily, J. F. Gilbert, S. Rogers, R. M. Holliday et al., Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART), Lancet, vol.2, issue.8666, pp.757-761, 1989.

I. A. Butovich, On the structure and synthesis of neuroprotectin D1, a novel antiinflammatory compound of the docosahexaenoic acid family, Journal of Lipid Research, vol.46, pp.2311-2314, 2005.

E. Cadenas and K. J. Davies, Mitochondrial free radical generation, oxidative stress, and aging, Free radical biology & medicine, vol.29, issue.3-4, pp.222-230, 2000.

P. C. Calder, n-3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: evidence explained and mechanisms explored, Clinical science, vol.107, issue.1, pp.1-11, 2004.

P. C. Calder, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.83, issue.6, pp.1505-1519, 2006.

P. C. Calder, Immunomodulation by omega-3 fatty acids, Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, vol.77, issue.5-6, pp.327-335, 2007.

P. C. Calder, Fatty acids and inflammation: the cutting edge between food and pharma, European journal of pharmacology, vol.668, pp.50-58, 2011.

P. C. Calder, Mechanisms of action of (n-3) fatty acids, The Journal of nutrition, vol.142, issue.3, pp.592-599, 2012.

P. C. Calder, The role of marine omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in inflammatory processes, atherosclerosis and plaque stability, Molecular nutrition & food research, vol.56, issue.7, pp.1073-1080, 2012.

P. C. Calder, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: nutrition or pharmacology?, British journal of clinical pharmacology, vol.75, issue.3, pp.645-662, 2013.

M. M. Carrepeiro, M. M. Rogero, M. C. Bertolami, P. B. Botelho, N. Castro et al., Effect of n-3 fatty acids and statins on oxidative stress in statin-treated hypercholestorelemic and normocholesterolemic women, Atherosclerosis, vol.217, issue.1, pp.171-178, 2011.

A. Catala, Lipid peroxidation of membrane phospholipids generates hydroxy-alkenals and oxidized phospholipids active in physiological and/or pathological conditions, Chemistry and physics of lipids, vol.157, pp.1-11, 2009.

G. E. Caughey, E. Mantzioris, R. A. Gibson, C. Lg, and M. J. James, The effect on human tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta production of diets enriched in n-3 fatty acids from vegetable oil or fish oil, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.63, issue.1, pp.116-122, 1996.

R. S. Chapkin, A. Cc, and C. C. Miller, Influence of dietary n-3 fatty acids on macrophage glycerophospholipid molecular species and peptidoleukotriene synthesis, Journal of lipid research, vol.32, issue.7, pp.1205-1213, 1991.

P. Chen, E. Vericel, M. Lagarde, and M. Guichardant, Poxytrins, a class of oxygenated products from polyunsaturated fatty acids, potently inhibit blood platelet aggregation, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, vol.25, issue.1, pp.382-388, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00517396

T. Claudel, Y. Inoue, O. Barbier, D. Duran-sandoval, V. Kosykh et al., Farnesoid X receptor agonists suppress hepatic apolipoprotein CIII expression, Gastroenterology, vol.125, issue.2, pp.544-555, 2003.

P. C. Dagnelie, T. Rietveld, G. R. Swart, T. Stijnen, . Van-den et al., Effect of dietary fish oil on blood levels of free fatty acids, ketone bodies and triacylglycerol in humans, Lipids, vol.29, issue.1, pp.41-45, 1994.

U. N. Das, Beneficial effect(s) of n-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular diseases: but, why and how?, Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, vol.63, issue.6, pp.351-362, 2000.

M. H. Davidson, Mechanisms for the hypotriglyceridemic effect of marine omega-3 fatty acids, The American journal of cardiology, vol.98, issue.4A, pp.27-33, 2006.

M. L. Daviglus, J. Stamler, A. J. Orencia, A. R. Dyer, K. Liu et al., Fish consumption and the 30-year risk of fatal myocardial infarction, The New England journal of medicine, vol.336, issue.15, pp.1046-1053, 1997.

H. R. Davis, R. T. Bridenstine, D. Vesselinovitch, and R. W. Wissler, Fish oil inhibits development of atherosclerosis in rhesus monkeys, Arteriosclerosis, vol.7, issue.5, pp.441-449, 1987.

D. Caterina, R. Cybulsky, M. I. Clinton, S. K. Gimbrone, M. A. et al., The omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoate reduces cytokine-induced expression of proatherogenic and proinflammatory proteins in human endothelial cells. Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis : a journal of vascular biology, American Heart Association, vol.14, issue.11, pp.1829-1836, 1994.

D. Caterina, R. Libby, and P. , Control of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules by fatty acids, Lipids, vol.31, pp.57-63, 1996.

D. Caterina-r-et-zampolli and A. , n-3 fatty acids: antiatherosclerotic effects, Lipids, vol.36, pp.69-78, 2001.

B. De-roos, I. Duivenvoorden, G. Rucklidge, M. Reid, K. Ross et al., Response of apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden transgenic mice to dietary fatty acids: combining liver proteomics with physiological data, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, vol.19, issue.7, pp.813-815, 2005.

B. De-roos, Y. Mavrommatis, and I. A. Brouwer, Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: new insights into mechanisms relating to inflammation and coronary heart disease, British journal of pharmacology, vol.158, issue.2, pp.413-428, 2009.

V. J. Dzau, R. C. Braun-dullaeus, and D. G. Sedding, Vascular proliferation and atherosclerosis: new perspectives and therapeutic strategies, Nature medicine, vol.8, issue.11, pp.1249-1256, 2002.

A. T. Erkkila, A. H. Lichtenstein, D. Mozaffarian, and D. M. Herrington, Fish intake is associated with a reduced progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.80, issue.3, pp.626-632, 2004.

S. R. Eussen, J. M. Geleijnse, E. J. Giltay, C. J. Rompelberg, O. H. Klungel et al., Effects of n-3 fatty acids on major cardiovascular events in statin users and non-users with a history of myocardial infarction, European heart journal, vol.33, issue.13, pp.1582-1588, 2012.

S. S. Fam, L. J. Murphey, E. S. Terry, W. E. Zackert, Y. Chen et al., Formation of highly reactive A-ring and Jring isoprostane-like compounds (A4/J4-neuroprostanes) in vivo from docosahexaenoic acid, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.277, issue.39, pp.36076-36084, 2002.

E. A. Fisher, M. Pan, X. Chen, X. Wu, H. Wang et al., The triple threat to nascent apolipoprotein B. Evidence for multiple, distinct degradative pathways, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.276, issue.30, pp.27855-27863, 2001.

K. M. Freund, A. J. Belanger, D. 'agostino, R. B. Kannel, and W. B. , The health risks of smoking. The Framingham Study: 34 years of follow-up, Annals of epidemiology, vol.3, issue.4, pp.417-424, 1993.

C. D. Funk, Prostaglandins and leukotrienes: advances in eicosanoid biology, Science, vol.294, issue.5548, pp.1871-1875, 2001.

P. Galan, E. Kesse-guyot, S. Czernichow, S. Briancon, J. Blacher et al., Effects of B vitamins and omega 3 fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases: a randomised placebo controlled trial, Bmj, vol.341, p.6273, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02668864

J. M. Galano, E. Mas, A. Barden, T. A. Mori, C. Signorini et al., Isoprostanes and neuroprostanes: Total synthesis, biological activity and biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans, Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00913158

L. Gao, J. Wang, K. R. Sekhar, H. Yin, N. F. Yared et al., Novel n-3 fatty acid oxidation products activate Nrf2 by destabilizing the association between Keap1 and Cullin3, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.282, issue.4, pp.2529-2537, 2007.

L. Gao, H. Yin, G. L. Milne, N. A. Porter, and J. D. Morrow, Formation of F-ring isoprostanelike compounds (F3-isoprostanes) in vivo from eicosapentaenoic acid, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.281, issue.20, pp.14092-14099, 2006.

G. S. Getz and C. A. Reardon, Animal models of atherosclerosis, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.32, issue.5, pp.1104-1115, 2012.

C. Gladine, N. C. Roy, J. P. Rigaudiere, B. Laillet, D. Silva et al., Increasing intake of longchain n-3 PUFA enhances lipoperoxidation and modulates hepatic gene expression in a dosedependent manner, The British journal of nutrition, pp.1-20, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02651393

R. J. Goldberg and J. Katz, A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain, Pain, vol.129, issue.1-2, pp.210-223, 2007.

D. W. Goldman, W. C. Pickett, and E. J. Goetzl, Human neutrophil chemotactic and degranulating activities of leukotriene B5 (LTB5) derived from eicosapentaenoic acid, Biochemical and biophysical research communications, vol.117, issue.1, pp.282-288, 1983.

J. Goodfellow, M. F. Bellamy, M. W. Ramsey, C. J. Jones, and M. J. Lewis, Dietary supplementation with marine omega-3 fatty acids improve systemic large artery endothelial function in subjects with hypercholesterolemia, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.35, issue.2, pp.265-270, 2000.

S. Gordon, Alternative activation of macrophages, Nature reviews Immunology, vol.3, issue.1, pp.23-35, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00474829

T. Gui, A. Shimokado, Y. Sun, T. Akasaka, and Y. Muragaki, Diverse roles of macrophages in atherosclerosis: from inflammatory biology to biomarker discovery, Mediators of inflammation, p.693083, 2012.

M. Guichardant, S. Bacot, P. Moliere, and M. Lagarde, Hydroxy-alkenals from the peroxidation of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and urinary metabolites, Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, vol.75, issue.3, pp.179-182, 2006.

M. Haberka, K. Mizia-stec, M. Mizia, J. Janowska, K. Gieszczyk et al., N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids early supplementation improves ultrasound indices of endothelial function, but not through NO inhibitors in patients with acute myocardial infarction: N-3 PUFA supplementation in acute myocardial infarction, Clinical nutrition, vol.30, issue.1, pp.79-85, 2011.

G. K. Hansson and P. Libby, The immune response in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword, Nature reviews Immunology, vol.6, issue.7, pp.508-519, 2006.

W. S. Harris, n-3 fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: animal studies, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.65, issue.5, pp.1611-1616, 1997.

W. S. Harris, n-3 fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: human studies, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.65, issue.5, pp.1645-1654, 1997.

. Harris-ws and D. Bulchandani, Why do omega-3 fatty acids lower serum triglycerides?, Current opinion in lipidology, vol.17, issue.4, pp.387-393, 2006.

W. S. Harris, H. N. Ginsberg, N. Arunakul, N. S. Shachter, S. L. Windsor et al., Safety and efficacy of Omacor in severe hypertriglyceridemia, Journal of cardiovascular risk, vol.4, issue.5-6, pp.385-391, 1997.

W. S. Harris, M. Miller, A. P. Tighe, M. H. Davidson, and E. J. Schaefer, Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: clinical and mechanistic perspectives, Atherosclerosis, vol.197, issue.1, pp.12-24, 2008.

W. S. Harris, G. S. Rambjor, S. L. Windsor, and D. Diederich, n-3 fatty acids and urinary excretion of nitric oxide metabolites in humans, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.65, issue.2, pp.459-464, 1997.

K. He, Y. Song, M. L. Daviglus, K. Liu, L. Van-horn et al., Fish consumption and incidence of stroke: a meta-analysis of cohort studies, Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation, vol.35, issue.7, pp.1538-1542, 2004.

K. He, Y. Song, M. L. Daviglus, K. Liu, L. Van-horn et al., Accumulated evidence on fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality: a metaanalysis of cohort studies, Circulation, vol.109, issue.22, pp.2705-2711, 2004.

D. A. Healy, F. A. Wallace, E. A. Miles, P. C. Calder, and P. Newsholm, Effect of low-tomoderate amounts of dietary fish oil on neutrophil lipid composition and function, Lipids, vol.35, issue.7, pp.763-768, 2000.

H. C. Hercule, B. Salanova, K. Essin, H. Honeck, J. R. Falck et al., The vasodilator 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid targets the pore-forming BK alpha channel subunit in rodents, Experimental physiology, vol.92, issue.6, pp.1067-1076, 2007.

M. Hirafuji, T. Machida, N. Hamaue, and M. Minami, Cardiovascular protective effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with special emphasis on docosahexaenoic acid, Journal of pharmacological sciences, vol.92, issue.4, pp.308-316, 2003.

M. Hirafuji, T. Machida, M. Tsunoda, A. Miyamoto, and M. Minami, Docosahexaenoic acid potentiates interleukin-1beta induction of nitric oxide synthase through mechanism involving p44/42 MAPK activation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells, British journal of pharmacology, vol.136, issue.4, pp.613-619, 2002.

S. Hong, K. Gronert, P. R. Devchand, R. L. Moussignac, and C. N. Serhan, Novel docosatrienes and 17S-resolvins generated from docosahexaenoic acid in murine brain, human blood, and glial cells, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.278, issue.17, pp.14677-14687, 2003.

F. B. Hu, L. Bronner, W. C. Willett, M. J. Stampfer, K. M. Rexrode et al., Fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women, JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, vol.287, issue.14, pp.1815-1821, 2002.

F. B. Hu and J. E. Manson, Omega-3 fatty acids and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease-is it just a fish tale?: comment on "Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, Archives of internal medicine, vol.172, issue.9, pp.694-696, 2012.

D. A. Hughes, S. Southon, and A. C. Pinder, n-3) Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the expression of functionally associated molecules on human monocytes in vitro, The Journal of nutrition, vol.126, issue.3, pp.603-610, 1996.

M. Hulsmans and P. Holvoet, The vicious circle between oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, vol.14, issue.1-2, pp.70-78, 2010.

D. J. Hunter, I. Kazda, A. Chockalingam, and J. G. Fodor, Fish consumption and cardiovascular mortality in Canada: an inter-regional comparison, American journal of preventive medicine, vol.4, issue.1, pp.5-10, 1988.

R. Huxley, F. Barzi, and M. Woodward, Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies, Bmj, vol.332, issue.7533, pp.73-78, 2006.

S. Ishibashi, M. S. Brown, J. L. Goldstein, R. D. Gerard, . Hammer-re et al., Hypercholesterolemia in low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice and its reversal by adenovirus-mediated gene delivery, The Journal of clinical investigation, vol.92, issue.2, pp.883-893, 1993.

A. Ishikado, K. Morino, Y. Nishio, F. Nakagawa, A. Mukose et al., 4-Hydroxy hexenal derived from docosahexaenoic acid protects endothelial cells via Nrf2 activation, PloS one, vol.8, issue.7, p.69415, 2013.

A. Ishikado, Y. Nishio, K. Morino, S. Ugi, H. Kondo et al., Low concentration of 4-hydroxy hexenal increases heme oxygenase-1 expression through activation of Nrf2 and antioxidative activity in vascular endothelial cells, Biochemical and biophysical research communications, vol.402, issue.1, pp.99-104, 2010.

U. Jahn, J. M. Galano, and T. Durand, Beyond prostaglandins--chemistry and biology of cyclic oxygenated metabolites formed by free-radical pathways from polyunsaturated fatty acids, 2008.

, Angewandte Chemie International ed. in English, vol.47, issue.32, pp.5894-955

J. H. Je, J. Y. Lee, K. J. Jung, B. Sung, E. K. Go et al., NF-kappaB activation mechanism of 4-hydroxyhexenal via NIK/IKK and p38 MAPK pathway, FEBS letters, vol.566, issue.1-3, pp.183-189, 2004.

M. C. Jong, M. H. Hofker, and L. M. Havekes, Role of ApoCs in lipoprotein metabolism: functional differences between ApoC1, ApoC2, and ApoC3. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.19, pp.472-484, 1999.

S. Jude, S. Bedut, S. Roger, M. Pinault, P. Champeroux et al., Peroxidation of docosahexaenoic acid is responsible for its effects on I TO and I SS in rat ventricular myocytes, British journal of pharmacology, vol.139, issue.4, pp.816-822, 2003.

D. B. Jump, The biochemistry of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.277, issue.11, pp.8755-8758, 2002.

D. B. Jump, N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of hepatic gene transcription, Current opinion in lipidology, vol.19, issue.3, pp.242-247, 2008.

D. B. Jump, C. M. Depner, and S. Tripathy, Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and cardiovascular disease, Journal of lipid research, vol.53, issue.12, pp.2525-2545, 2012.

J. W. Karanian, H. Y. Kim, N. Salem, and J. , The structure-activity relationship of lipoxygenase products of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: effects on human platelet aggregation, Lipids, vol.31, pp.305-308, 1996.

H. R. Kast, C. M. Nguyen, C. J. Sinal, S. A. Jones, B. A. Laffitte et al., Farnesoid X-activated receptor induces apolipoprotein C-II transcription: a molecular mechanism linking plasma triglyceride levels to bile acids, Molecular endocrinology, vol.15, issue.10, pp.1720-1728, 2001.

U. Keil, Coronary artery disease: the role of lipids, hypertension and smoking, Basic research in cardiology, vol.95, pp.52-58, 2000.

D. S. Kelley, D. Siegel, M. Vemuri, and B. E. Mackey, Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improves fasting and postprandial lipid profiles in hypertriglyceridemic men, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.86, issue.2, pp.324-333, 2007.

D. S. Kelley, P. C. Taylor, G. J. Nelson, P. C. Schmidt, A. Ferretti et al., Docosahexaenoic acid ingestion inhibits natural killer cell activity and production of inflammatory mediators in young healthy men, Lipids, vol.34, issue.4, pp.317-324, 1999.

J. Khallou-laschet, A. Varthaman, G. Fornasa, C. Compain, A. T. Gaston et al., Macrophage plasticity in experimental atherosclerosis, PloS one, vol.5, issue.1, p.8852, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00512376

S. Khan, A. M. Minihane, P. J. Talmud, J. W. Wright, M. C. Murphy et al., Dietary long-chain n-3 PUFAs increase LPL gene expression in adipose tissue of subjects with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, Journal of lipid research, vol.43, issue.6, pp.979-985, 2002.

P. Kohli and B. D. Levy, Resolvins and protectins: mediating solutions to inflammation, British journal of pharmacology, vol.158, issue.4, pp.960-971, 2009.

J. A. Kramer, J. Ledeaux, D. Butteiger, T. Young, C. Crankshaw et al., Transcription profiling in rat liver in response to dietary docosahexaenoic acid implicates stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase as a nutritional target for lipid lowering, The Journal of nutrition, vol.133, issue.1, pp.57-66, 2003.

D. Kromhout, Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease. The final verdict?, Current opinion in lipidology, vol.23, issue.6, pp.554-559, 2012.

D. Kromhout, E. J. Giltay, J. M. Geleijnse, O. Et-alpha, and G. Trial, n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction, The New England journal of medicine, vol.363, issue.21, pp.2015-2026, 2010.

A. Kumar, Y. Takada, A. M. Boriek, and B. B. Aggarwal, Nuclear factor-kappaB: its role in health and disease, Journal of molecular medicine, vol.82, issue.7, pp.434-448, 2004.

C. Kusunoki, L. Yang, T. Yoshizaki, F. Nakagawa, A. Ishikado et al., Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid has an anti-oxidant effect via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Biochemical and biophysical research communications, vol.430, issue.1, pp.225-230, 2013.

K. Kuulasmaa, H. Tunstall-pedoe, A. Dobson, S. Fortmann, S. Sans et al., Estimation of contribution of changes in classic risk factors to trends in coronary-event rates across the WHO MONICA Project populations, Lancet, vol.355, issue.9205, pp.675-687, 2000.

S. M. Kwak, S. K. Myung, Y. J. Lee, H. G. Seo, and M. Et-korean, Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, Archives of internal medicine, vol.172, issue.9, pp.686-694, 2012.

M. Lagarde, Docosahexaenoic acid: Nutrient and precursor of bioactive lipids, Eur. J. Lipi. Sci. Technol, vol.110, p.678, 2008.

G. Lawrence-t-et-natoli, Transcriptional regulation of macrophage polarization: enabling diversity with identity, Nature reviews Immunology, vol.11, issue.11, pp.750-761, 2011.

L. Jossic-corcos, C. Gonthier, C. Zaghini, I. Logette, E. Shechter et al., Hepatic farnesyl diphosphate synthase expression is suppressed by polyunsaturated fatty acids, The Biochemical journal, vol.385, pp.787-794, 2005.

J. Y. Lee, J. H. Je, K. J. Jung, B. P. Yu, and H. Y. Chung, Induction of endothelial iNOS by 4-hydroxyhexenal through NF-kappaB activation, Free radical biology & medicine, vol.37, issue.4, pp.539-548, 2004.

J. Y. Lee, A. Plakidas, W. H. Lee, A. Heikkinen, P. Chanmugam et al., Differential modulation of Toll-like receptors by fatty acids: preferential inhibition by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Journal of lipid research, vol.44, issue.3, pp.479-486, 2003.

J. Y. Lee, K. H. Sohn, R. Sh, and D. Hwang, Saturated fatty acids, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated through Toll-like receptor 4, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.276, issue.20, pp.16683-16689, 2001.

T. H. Lee, R. L. Hoover, J. D. Williams, R. I. Sperling, J. Ravalese et al., Effect of dietary enrichment with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on in vitro neutrophil and monocyte leukotriene generation and neutrophil function, The New England journal of medicine, vol.312, pp.1217-1224, 1985.

T. H. Lee, J. M. Menica-huerta, C. Shih, E. J. Corey, L. Ra et al., Characterization and biologic properties of 5,12-dihydroxy derivatives of eicosapentaenoic acid, including leukotriene B5 and the double lipoxygenase product, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.259, issue.4, pp.2383-2389, 1984.

T. H. Lee, T. Sethi, A. E. Crea, W. Peters, J. P. Arm et al., Characterization of leukotriene B3: comparison of its biological activities with leukotriene B4 and leukotriene B5 in complement receptor enhancement, lysozyme release and chemotaxis of human neutrophils, Clinical science, vol.74, issue.5, pp.467-475, 1988.

H. Leon, M. C. Shibata, S. Sivakumaran, M. Dorgan, T. Chatterley et al., Effect of fish oil on arrhythmias and mortality: systematic review, Bmj, vol.337, p.2931, 2008.

G. Leonarduzzi, E. Chiarpotto, F. Biasi, and G. Poli, 4-Hydroxynonenal and cholesterol oxidation products in atherosclerosis, Molecular nutrition & food research, vol.49, issue.11, pp.1044-1049, 2005.

S. Lewington, R. Clarke, N. Qizilbash, R. Peto, R. Collins et al., Agespecific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies, Lancet, vol.360, issue.9349, pp.1903-1913, 2002.

E. K. Long, T. C. Murphy, L. J. Leiphon, J. Watt, J. D. Morrow et al., Trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal is a neurotoxic product of docosahexaenoic (22:6; n-3) acid oxidation, Journal of neurochemistry, vol.105, issue.3, pp.714-724, 2008.

A. J. Lusis, Atherosclerosis. Nature, vol.407, issue.6801, pp.233-241, 2000.

N. T. Luu, J. Madden, P. C. Calder, R. F. Grimble, C. P. Shearman et al., Comparison of the pro-inflammatory potential of monocytes from healthy adults and those with peripheral arterial disease using an in vitro culture model, Atherosclerosis, vol.193, issue.2, pp.259-268, 2007.

A. Mantovani, A. Sica, S. Sozzani, P. Allavena, A. Vecchi et al., The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization, Trends in immunology, vol.25, issue.12, pp.677-686, 2004.

R. Marchioli, F. Barzi, E. Bomba, C. Chieffo, D. Gregorio et al., Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction: time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione, Circulation, vol.105, issue.16, pp.1897-1903, 2002.

P. E. Marik and J. Varon, Omega-3 dietary supplements and the risk of cardiovascular events: a systematic review, Clinical cardiology, vol.32, issue.7, pp.365-372, 2009.

F. O. Martinez, S. Gordon, M. Locati, and A. Mantovani, Transcriptional profiling of the human monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and polarization: new molecules and patterns of gene expression, Journal of immunology, vol.177, issue.10, pp.7303-7311, 2006.

B. H. Maskrey, I. L. Megson, A. G. Rossi, and P. D. Whitfield, Emerging importance of omega-3 fatty acids in the innate immune response: molecular mechanisms and lipidomic strategies for their analysis, Molecular nutrition & food research, vol.57, issue.8, pp.1390-1400, 2013.

M. Massaro, E. Scoditti, M. A. Carluccio, M. R. Montinari, and R. Et-de-caterina, Omega-3 fatty acids, inflammation and angiogenesis: nutrigenomic effects as an explanation for antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of fish and fish oils, Journal of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, vol.1, issue.1-2, pp.4-23, 2008.

M. Matsumoto, M. Sata, D. Fukuda, K. Tanaka, M. Soma et al., Orally administered eicosapentaenoic acid reduces and stabilizes atherosclerotic lesions in ApoEdeficient mice, Atherosclerosis, vol.197, issue.2, pp.524-533, 2008.

Y. Mavrommatis, K. Ross, G. Rucklidge, M. Reid, G. Duncan et al., Intervention with fish oil, but not with docosahexaenoic acid, results in lower levels of hepatic soluble epoxide hydrolase with time in apoE knockout mice, The British journal of nutrition, vol.103, issue.1, pp.16-24, 2010.

A. Menotti, A. Keys, D. Kromhout, H. Blackburn, C. Aravanis et al., Inter-cohort differences in coronary heart disease mortality in the 25-year follow-up of the seven countries study, European journal of epidemiology, vol.9, issue.5, pp.527-536, 1993.

A. J. Merched, K. Ko, K. H. Gotlinger, C. N. Serhan, and L. Chan, Atherosclerosis: evidence for impairment of resolution of vascular inflammation governed by specific lipid mediators, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, vol.22, issue.10, pp.3595-3606, 2008.

S. N. Meydani, S. Endres, M. M. Woods, B. R. Goldin, C. Soo et al., Oral (n-3) fatty acid supplementation suppresses cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation: comparison between young and older women, The Journal of nutrition, vol.121, issue.4, pp.547-555, 1991.

E. A. Miles, F. Thies, F. A. Wallace, J. R. Powell, T. L. Hurst et al., Influence of age and dietary fish oil on plasma soluble adhesion molecule concentrations, Clinical science, vol.100, issue.1, pp.91-100, 2001.

E. A. Miles, W. Fa, and P. C. Calder, Dietary fish oil reduces intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and scavenger receptor expression on murine macrophages, Atherosclerosis, vol.152, issue.1, pp.43-50, 2000.

M. Miller, M. Motevalli, D. Westphal, P. O. Kwiterovich, and J. , Incorporation of oleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid into glycerolipids of cultured normal human fibroblasts, Lipids, vol.28, issue.1, pp.1-5, 1993.

G. L. Milne, H. Yin, K. D. Hardy, S. S. Davies, and L. J. Roberts, Isoprostane generation and function, Chemical reviews, vol.111, issue.10, pp.5973-5996, 2011.

A. Mishra, A. Chaudhary, and S. Sethi, Oxidized omega-3 fatty acids inhibit NF-kappaB activation via a PPARalpha-dependent pathway, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.24, issue.9, pp.1621-1627, 2004.

C. Morin, M. Sirois, V. Echave, A. R. Rousseau, and E. , 18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid targets PPARgamma and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase to mediate its antiinflammatory effects in the lung: role of soluble epoxide hydrolase, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, vol.17, issue.5, pp.564-575, 2010.

C. Morin, M. Sirois, V. Echave, R. E. Rousseau, and E. , Relaxing effects of 17(18)-EpETE on arterial and airway smooth muscles in human lung, American journal of physiology Lung cellular and molecular physiology, vol.296, issue.1, pp.130-139, 2009.

J. D. Morrow, K. E. Hill, R. F. Burk, T. M. Nammour, and K. F. Badr, Roberts LJ 2 nd . 1990. A series of prostaglandin F2-like compounds are produced in vivo in humans by a non-cyclooxygenase, free radical-catalyzed mechanism, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.87, issue.23, pp.9383-9390

A. Mortensen, B. F. Hansen, J. F. Hansen, H. Frandsen, E. Bartnikowska et al., Comparison of the effects of fish oil and olive oil on blood lipids and aortic atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbits, The British journal of nutrition, vol.80, issue.6, pp.565-573, 1998.

D. Mozaffarian, R. N. Lemaitre, L. H. Kuller, G. L. Burke, R. P. Tracy et al., Cardiac benefits of fish consumption may depend on the type of fish meal consumed: the Cardiovascular Health Study, Circulation, vol.107, issue.10, pp.1372-1377, 2003.

D. Mozaffarian and J. H. Wu, Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.58, pp.2047-2067, 1920.

S. Musaad and E. N. Haynes, Biomarkers of obesity and subsequent cardiovascular events, Epidemiologic reviews, vol.29, pp.98-114, 2007.

E. S. Musiek, J. D. Brooks, M. Joo, E. Brunoldi, A. Porta et al., Electrophilic cyclopentenone neuroprostanes are anti-inflammatory mediators formed from the peroxidation of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.283, issue.29, pp.19927-19935, 2008.

M. C. Myhrstad, K. Retterstol, V. H. Telle-hansen, I. Ottestad, B. Halvorsen et al., Effect of marine n-3 fatty acids on circulating inflammatory markers in healthy subjects and subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society, pp.309-319, 2011.

E. G. Nabel, Cardiovascular disease, The New England journal of medicine, vol.349, issue.1, pp.60-72, 2003.

K. Nakajima, T. Yamashita, T. Kita, M. Takeda, N. Sasaki et al., Orally administered eicosapentaenoic acid induces rapid regression of atherosclerosis via modulating the phenotype of dendritic cells in LDL receptor-deficient mice, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.31, issue.9, pp.1963-1972, 2011.

M. T. Nakamura, Y. Cheon, Y. Li, and T. Y. Nara, Mechanisms of regulation of gene expression by fatty acids, Lipids, vol.39, issue.11, pp.1077-1083, 2004.

A. R. Ness, P. A. Ashfield-watt, J. M. Whiting, G. D. Smith, J. Hughes et al., The longterm effect of dietary advice on the diet of men with angina: the diet and angina randomized trial, Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, vol.17, issue.2, pp.117-119, 2004.

W. P. Newman, J. P. Middaugh, M. T. Propst, and D. R. Rogers, Atherosclerosis in Alaska Natives and non-natives, Lancet, vol.341, issue.8852, pp.1056-1057, 1993.

J. Nourooz-zadeh, B. Halliwell, and E. E. Anggard, Evidence for the formation of F3-isoprostanes during peroxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, vol.236, pp.467-72, 1997.

J. Nourooz-zadeh, E. H. Liu, E. E. Anggard, and B. Halliwell, F4-isoprostanes: a novel class of prostanoids formed during peroxidation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), vol.242, pp.338-382, 1998.

T. E. Novak, T. A. Babcock, D. H. Jho, W. S. Helton, and N. J. Espat, NF-kappa B inhibition by omega -3 fatty acids modulates LPS-stimulated macrophage TNF-alpha transcription, American journal of physiology Lung cellular and molecular physiology, vol.284, issue.1, pp.84-89, 2003.

D. Y. Oh, S. Talukdar, E. J. Bae, T. Imamura, H. Morinaga et al., GPR120 is an omega-3 fatty acid receptor mediating potent antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects, Cell, vol.142, issue.5, pp.687-698, 2010.

Y. Okuda, K. Kawashima, T. Sawada, K. Tsurumaru, M. Asano et al., Eicosapentaenoic acid enhances nitric oxide production by cultured human endothelial cells, Biochemical and biophysical research communications, vol.232, issue.2, pp.487-491, 1997.

M. Omura, S. Kobayashi, Y. Mizukami, K. Mogami, N. Todoroki-ikeda et al., Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) induces Ca(2+)-independent activation and translocation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, FEBS letters, vol.487, issue.3, pp.361-366, 2001.

M. Pan, A. I. Cederbaum, Y. L. Zhang, H. N. Ginsberg, K. J. Williams et al., Lipid peroxidation and oxidant stress regulate hepatic apolipoprotein B degradation and VLDL production, The Journal of clinical investigation, vol.113, issue.9, pp.1277-1287, 2004.

Y. Park and W. S. Harris, Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation accelerates chylomicron triglyceride clearance, Journal of lipid research, vol.44, issue.3, pp.455-463, 2003.

J. S. Parks, J. Kaduck-sawyer, B. C. Bullock, and L. L. Rudel, Effect of dietary fish oil on coronary artery and aortic atherosclerosis in African green monkeys, Arteriosclerosis, vol.10, issue.6, pp.1102-1112, 1990.

O. M. Pello, C. Silvestre, D. Pizzol-m-et-andres, and V. , A glimpse on the phenomenon of macrophage polarization during atherosclerosis, Immunobiology, vol.216, issue.11, pp.1172-1176, 2011.

S. C. Plourde-m-et-cunnane, Extremely limited synthesis of long chain polyunsaturates in adults: implications for their dietary essentiality and use as supplements. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme, vol.32, issue.4, pp.619-634, 2007.

D. Pratico, E. M. Smyth, F. Violi, and G. A. Fitzgerald, Local amplification of platelet function by 8-Epi prostaglandin F2alpha is not mediated by thromboxane receptor isoforms, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.271, issue.25, pp.14916-14924, 1996.

D. J. Rader, J. Cohen, and H. H. Hobbs, Monogenic hypercholesterolemia: new insights in pathogenesis and treatment, The Journal of clinical investigation, vol.111, issue.12, pp.1795-1803, 2003.

S. C. Rall and R. W. Et-mahley, The role of apolipoprotein E genetic variants in lipoprotein disorders, Journal of internal medicine, vol.231, issue.6, pp.653-659, 1992.

B. Rauch, R. Schiele, S. Schneider, F. Diller, N. Victor et al., , 2010.

. Omega and . Randomized, placebo-controlled trial to test the effect of highly purified omega-3 fatty acids on top of modern guideline-adjusted therapy after myocardial infarction, Circulation, vol.122, issue.21, pp.2152-2159

M. Repetto, J. Semprine, and A. Boveris, Lipid Peroxidation: Chemical Mechanism, Biological Implications and Analytical Determination. INTECH open science/open minds, 2012.

Y. Riahi, G. Cohen, O. Shamni, and S. Sasson, Signaling and cytotoxic functions of 4-hydroxyalkenals, American journal of physiology Endocrinology and metabolism, vol.299, issue.6, pp.879-886, 2010.

S. Rich, J. F. Miller, J. Charous, S. Davis, H. R. Shanks et al., Development of atherosclerosis in genetically hyperlipidemic rabbits during chronic fish-oil ingestion, Arteriosclerosis, vol.9, issue.2, pp.189-194, 1989.

P. M. Ridker, C. H. Hennekens, K. Lindpaintner, M. J. Stampfer, . Eisenberg-pr et al., Mutation in the gene coding for coagulation factor V and the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thrombosis in apparently healthy men, The New England journal of medicine, vol.332, issue.14, pp.912-917, 1995.

E. Rigamonti and B. Chinetti-gbaguidi-g-et-staels, Regulation of macrophage functions by PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma, and LXRs in mice and men, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.28, issue.6, pp.1050-1059, 2008.

T. Rissanen, S. Voutilainen, K. Nyyssonen, T. A. Lakka, and J. T. Salonen, Fish oil-derived fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid, and the risk of acute coronary events: the Kuopio ischaemic heart disease risk factor study, Circulation, vol.102, issue.22, pp.2677-2679, 2000.

E. C. Rizos, E. E. Ntzani, E. Bika, K. Ms, and M. S. Elisaf, Association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and risk of major cardiovascular disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis, JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, vol.308, issue.10, pp.1024-1033, 2012.

L. J. Roberts, T. J. Montine, W. R. Markesbery, A. R. Tapper, P. Hardy et al., Formation of isoprostane-like compounds (neuroprostanes) in vivo from docosahexaenoic acid, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.273, issue.22, pp.13605-13612, 1998.

T. L. Robertson, H. Kato, T. Gordon, A. Kagan, G. G. Rhoads et al., Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California. Coronary heart disease risk factors in Japan and Hawaii, The American journal of cardiology, vol.39, issue.2, pp.244-249, 1977.

J. G. Robinson and N. J. Stone, Antiatherosclerotic and antithrombotic effects of omega-3 fatty acids, The American journal of cardiology, vol.98, issue.4A, pp.39-49, 2006.

F. M. Sacks, P. H. Stone, C. M. Gibson, D. I. Silverman, B. Rosner et al., Controlled trial of fish oil for regression of human coronary atherosclerosis, HARP Research Group. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.25, issue.7, pp.1492-1498, 1995.

V. Saraswathi, L. Gao, J. D. Morrow, A. Chait, K. D. Niswender et al., Fish oil increases cholesterol storage in white adipose tissue with concomitant decreases in inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and atherosclerosis in mice, The Journal of nutrition, vol.137, issue.7, pp.1776-1782, 2007.

V. Schiano, E. Laurenzano, G. Brevetti, D. Maio, J. I. Lanero et al.,

, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in peripheral arterial disease: effect on lipid pattern, disease severity, inflammation profile, and endothelial function, Clinical nutrition, vol.27, issue.2, pp.241-247

V. B. Schini, D. W. Catovsky, S. Vanhoutte, and P. M. , Eicosapentaenoic acid potentiates the production of nitric oxide evoked by interleukin-1 beta in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, Journal of vascular research, vol.30, issue.4, pp.209-217, 1993.

E. B. Schmidt, J. O. Pedersen, S. Ekelund, N. Grunnet, C. Jersild et al., Cod liver oil inhibits neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in healthy males, Atherosclerosis, vol.77, issue.1, pp.53-57, 1989.

E. B. Schmidt, J. O. Pedersen, K. Varming, E. Ernst, C. Jersild et al., n-3 fatty acids and leukocyte chemotaxis. Effects in hyperlipidemia and dose-response studies in healthy men. Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis : a journal of vascular biology, American Heart Association, vol.11, issue.2, pp.429-435, 1991.

E. B. Schmidt, K. Varming, J. O. Pedersen, H. H. Lervang, N. Grunnet et al.,

, Long-term supplementation with n-3 fatty acids, II: Effect on neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation, vol.52, issue.3, pp.229-236

A. Sekikawa, J. D. Curb, H. Ueshima, A. El-saed, T. Kadowaki et al., Marine-derived n-3 fatty acids and atherosclerosis in Japanese, Japanese-American, and white men: a cross-sectional study, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.52, issue.6, pp.417-424, 2008.

C. N. Serhan, Systems approach to inflammation resolution: identification of novel antiinflammatory and pro-resolving mediators, Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH, vol.7, issue.1, pp.44-48, 2009.

C. N. Serhan, N. Chiang, and T. E. Van-dyke, Resolving inflammation: dual antiinflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators, Nature reviews Immunology, vol.8, issue.5, pp.349-361, 2008.

C. N. Serhan, C. B. Clish, J. Brannon, S. P. Colgan, N. Chiang et al., Novel functional sets of lipid-derived mediators with antiinflammatory actions generated from omega-3 fatty acids via cyclooxygenase 2-nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and transcellular processing, The Journal of experimental medicine, vol.192, issue.8, pp.1197-1204, 2000.

C. N. Serhan, K. Gotlinger, S. Hong, Y. Lu, J. Siegelman et al., Anti-inflammatory actions of neuroprotectin D1/protectin D1 and its natural stereoisomers: assignments of dihydroxy-containing docosatrienes, Journal of immunology, vol.176, issue.3, pp.1848-1859, 2006.

C. N. Serhan, S. Hong, K. Gronert, S. P. Colgan, P. R. Devchand et al., Resolvins: a family of bioactive products of omega-3 fatty acid transformation circuits initiated by aspirin treatment that counter proinflammation signals, The Journal of experimental medicine, vol.196, issue.8, pp.1025-1037, 2002.

C. N. Serhan, R. Yang, K. Martinod, K. Kasuga, P. S. Pillai et al., Maresins: novel macrophage mediators with potent antiinflammatory and proresolving actions, The Journal of experimental medicine, vol.206, issue.1, pp.15-23, 2009.

S. Sethi, A. Y. Eastman, and J. W. Eaton, Inhibition of phagocyte-endothelium interactions by oxidized fatty acids: A natural anti-inflammatory mechanism?, J. Lab. Clin. Med, vol.128, issue.1, pp.27-38, 1996.

S. Sethi, O. Ziouzenkova, H. Ni, D. D. Wagner, J. Plutzky et al., Oxidized omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil inhibit leukocyte-endothelial interactions through activation of PPAR alpha, Blood, vol.100, issue.4, pp.1340-1346, 2002.

N. S. Shachter, Apolipoproteins C-I and C-III as important modulators of lipoprotein metabolism, Current opinion in lipidology, vol.12, issue.3, pp.297-304, 2001.

G. C. Shearer, W. S. Harris, T. L. Pedersen, and J. W. Newman, Detection of omega-3 oxylipins in human plasma and response to treatment with omega-3 acid ethyl esters, Journal of lipid research, vol.51, issue.8, pp.2074-2081, 2010.

G. C. Shearer and J. W. Newman, Impact of circulating esterified eicosanoids and other oxylipins on endothelial function, Current atherosclerosis reports, vol.11, issue.6, pp.403-410, 2009.

H. Shi, M. V. Kokoeva, K. Inouye, I. Tzameli, H. Yin et al., TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance, The Journal of clinical investigation, vol.116, issue.11, pp.3015-3025, 2006.

R. L. Silverstein, Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and arterial thrombosis: role of the scavenger receptor CD36, Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, vol.76, pp.27-30, 2009.

C. J. Sinal, M. Tohkin, M. Miyata, J. M. Ward, L. G. Gonzalez et al., Targeted disruption of the nuclear receptor FXR/BAR impairs bile acid and lipid homeostasis, Cell, vol.102, issue.6, pp.731-744, 2000.

D. S. Siscovick, T. Raghunathan, I. King, S. Weinmann, V. E. Bovbjerg et al., Dietary intake of longchain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of primary cardiac arrest, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.71, issue.1, pp.208-212, 2000.

W. L. Song, J. A. Lawson, D. Reilly, J. Rokach, C. T. Chang et al., Neurofurans, novel indices of oxidant stress derived from docosahexaenoic acid, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.283, issue.1, pp.6-16, 2008.

R. I. Sperling, A. I. Benincaso, C. T. Knoell, J. K. Larkin, K. F. Austen et al., Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit phosphoinositide formation and chemotaxis in neutrophils, The Journal of clinical investigation, vol.91, issue.2, pp.651-660, 1993.

C. M. Spickett, I. Wiswedel, W. Siems, K. Zarkovic, and N. Zarkovic, Advances in methods for the determination of biologically relevant lipid peroxidation products, Free radical research, vol.44, issue.10, pp.1172-1202, 2010.

C. N. Spite-m-et-serhan, Novel lipid mediators promote resolution of acute inflammation: impact of aspirin and statins, Circulation research, vol.107, issue.10, pp.1170-1184, 2010.

H. Sprecher, Metabolism of highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, Biochimica et biophysica acta, vol.1486, issue.2-3, pp.219-231, 2000.

C. L. Stebbins, J. P. Stice, C. M. Hart, F. N. Mbai, and A. A. Knowlton, Effects of dietary decosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on eNOS in human coronary artery endothelial cells, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics, vol.13, issue.4, pp.261-268, 2008.

K. Strassburg, A. M. Huijbrechts, K. A. Kortekaas, J. H. Lindeman, T. L. Pedersen et al., Quantitative profiling of oxylipins through comprehensive LC-MS/MS analysis: application in cardiac surgery, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, vol.404, issue.5, pp.1413-1426, 2012.

Y. Sun and X. Chen, Ox-LDL-induced LOX-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells: role of reactive oxygen species, Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, vol.25, issue.5, pp.572-579, 2011.

. Swirski-fk and M. Nahrendorf, Leukocyte behavior in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure, Science, vol.339, issue.6116, pp.161-166, 2013.

H. Takei, J. P. Strong, C. Yutani, and G. T. Malcom, Comparison of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in youth from Japan and the USA, Atherosclerosis, vol.180, issue.1, pp.171-179, 2005.

Z. Tedgui-a-et-mallat, Cytokines in atherosclerosis: pathogenic and regulatory pathways, Physiological reviews, vol.86, issue.2, pp.515-581, 2006.

J. Thiery and D. Seidel, Fish oil feeding results in an enhancement of cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits, Atherosclerosis, vol.63, issue.1, pp.53-56, 1987.

F. Thies, J. M. Garry, P. Yaqoob, K. Rerkasem, J. Williams et al., Association of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with stability of atherosclerotic plaques: a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, vol.361, issue.9356, pp.477-485, 2003.

F. Thies, E. A. Miles, G. Nebe-von-caron, J. R. Powell, T. L. Hurst et al., Influence of dietary supplementation with long-chain n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood inflammatory cell populations and functions and on plasma soluble adhesion molecules in healthy adults, Lipids, vol.36, issue.11, pp.1183-1193, 2001.

W. A. Thomas, K. Dn, and J. Schmee, Retardation of atherogenesis and other effects of a fish oil additive to a hyperlipidemic diet for swine, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.598, pp.308-323, 1990.

T. E. Rius, B. Gonzalez-periz, A. Lopez-vicario, C. Moran-salvador, E. Martinez-clemente et al., Resolvin D1 and its precursor docosahexaenoic acid promote resolution of adipose tissue inflammation by eliciting macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype, Journal of immunology, vol.187, issue.10, pp.5408-5418, 2011.

E. Tjonahen, S. F. Oh, J. Siegelman, S. Elangovan, K. B. Percarpio et al.,

, Resolvin E2: identification and anti-inflammatory actions: pivotal role of human 5-lipoxygenase in resolvin E series biosynthesis, Chemistry & biology, vol.13, issue.11, pp.1193-1202

T. A. Trikalinos, J. Lee, D. Moorthy, W. W. Yu, J. Lau et al., Effects of Eicosapentanoic Acid and Docosahexanoic Acid on Mortality Across Diverse Settings: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials and Prospective Cohorts, Nutritional Research Series, vol.4, 2012.

P. D. Tsitouras, F. Gucciardo, A. D. Salbe, C. Heward, and S. M. Harman, High omega-3 fat intake improves insulin sensitivity and reduces CRP and IL6, but does not affect other endocrine axes in healthy older adults. Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon-und Stoffwechselforschung =, Hormones et metabolisme, vol.40, issue.3, pp.199-205, 2008.

H. Tunstall-pedoe, K. Kuulasmaa, M. Mahonen, H. Tolonen, E. Ruokokoski et al.,

, Contribution of trends in survival and coronary-event rates to changes in coronary heart disease mortality: 10-year results from 37 WHO MONICA project populations. Monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease, Lancet, vol.353, issue.9164, pp.1547-1557

L. Vila, Cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways in the vessel wall: role in atherosclerosis, Medicinal research reviews, vol.24, issue.4, pp.399-424, 2004.

R. Virmani, A. P. Burke, and A. Farb, Plaque rupture and plaque erosion, Thrombosis and haemostasis, vol.82, pp.1-3, 1999.

C. Von-schacky, Omega-3 fatty acids: antiarrhythmic, proarrhythmic or both? Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, vol.11, pp.94-99, 2008.

C. Von-schacky, P. Angerer, W. Kothny, K. Theisen, and H. Mudra, The effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on coronary atherosclerosis. A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial, Annals of internal medicine, vol.130, issue.7, pp.554-562, 1999.

C. Wang, W. S. Harris, M. Chung, A. H. Lichtenstein, E. M. Balk et al., n-3 Fatty acids from fish or fish-oil supplements, but not alpha-linolenic acid, benefit cardiovascular disease outcomes in primary-and secondary-prevention studies: a systematic review, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.84, issue.1, pp.5-17, 2006.

H. H. Wang, T. M. Hung, J. Wei, and A. N. Chiang, Fish oil increases antioxidant enzyme activities in macrophages and reduces atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-knockout mice, Cardiovascular research, vol.61, issue.1, pp.169-176, 2004.

S. Wang, D. Wu, N. R. Matthan, S. Lamon-fava, J. L. Lecker et al., Reduction in dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid ratio minimizes atherosclerotic lesion formation and inflammatory response in the LDL receptor null mouse, Atherosclerosis, vol.204, issue.1, pp.147-155, 2009.

A. R. Weatherill, J. Y. Lee, L. Zhao, D. G. Lemay, Y. Hs et al., Saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids reciprocally modulate dendritic cell functions mediated through TLR4, Journal of immunology, vol.174, issue.9, pp.5390-5397, 2005.

C. Weber, W. Erl, A. Pietsch, U. Danesch, and P. C. Weber, Docosahexaenoic acid selectively attenuates induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and subsequent monocytic cell adhesion to human endothelial cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, 1995.

, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, vol.15, issue.5, pp.622-628

S. P. Whelton, J. He, P. K. Whelton, and P. Muntner, Meta-analysis of observational studies on fish intake and coronary heart disease, The American journal of cardiology, vol.93, issue.9, pp.1119-1123, 2004.

M. O. Whitaker, A. Wyche, F. Fitzpatrick, H. Sprecher, and P. Needleman, Triene prostaglandins: prostaglandin D3 and icosapentaenoic acid as potential antithrombotic substances, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.76, issue.11, pp.5919-5923, 1979.

S. W. Wong, M. J. Kwon, A. M. Choi, H. P. Kim, K. Nakahira et al., Fatty acids modulate Toll-like receptor 4 activation through regulation of receptor dimerization and recruitment into lipid rafts in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.284, issue.40, pp.27384-27392, 2009.

Z. Xu, N. Riediger, and M. H. Innis-s-et-moghadasian, Fish oil significantly alters fatty acid profiles in various lipid fractions but not atherogenesis in apo E-KO mice, European journal of nutrition, vol.46, issue.2, pp.103-110, 2007.

Y. Yang, N. Lu, D. Chen, L. Meng, Y. Zheng et al., Effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on plasma soluble adhesion molecules: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.95, issue.4, pp.972-980, 2012.

K. Yano, C. J. Maclean, D. M. Reed, Y. Shimizu, H. Sasaki et al.,

, A comparison of the 12-year mortality and predictive factors of coronary heart disease among Japanese men in Japan and Hawaii, American journal of epidemiology, vol.127, issue.3, pp.476-487

P. Yaqoob and P. Calder, Effects of dietary lipid manipulation upon inflammatory mediator production by murine macrophages, Cellular immunology, vol.163, issue.1, pp.120-128, 1995.

C. M. Yates, S. P. Tull, J. Madden, P. C. Calder, R. F. Grimble et al., Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits the adhesion of flowing neutrophils to cytokine stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, The Journal of nutrition, vol.141, issue.7, pp.1331-1334, 2011.

D. Ye, D. Zhang, C. Oltman, K. Dellsperger, L. Hc et al., Cytochrome p-450 epoxygenase metabolites of docosahexaenoate potently dilate coronary arterioles by activating large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, vol.303, issue.2, pp.768-776, 2002.

H. Yin, E. S. Musiek, L. Gao, N. A. Porter, and J. D. Morrow, Regiochemistry of neuroprostanes generated from the peroxidation of docosahexaenoic acid in vitro and in vivo. The journal of biological chemistry, vol.280, pp.26600-26611, 2005.

M. Yokoyama, H. Origasa, and J. Investigators, Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia: rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS), American heart journal, vol.146, issue.4, pp.613-620, 2003.

M. Yokoyama, H. Origasa, M. Matsuzaki, Y. Matsuzawa, Y. Saito et al., Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis, Lancet, vol.369, issue.9567, pp.1090-1098, 2007.

T. Yoshikawa, H. Shimano, N. Yahagi, T. Ide, M. Amemiya-kudo et al., Polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c promoter activity by inhibition of liver X receptor (LXR) binding to LXR response elements, The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.277, issue.3, pp.1705-1711, 2002.

J. M. Yuan, R. K. Ross, Y. T. Gao, and M. C. Yu, Fish and shellfish consumption in relation to death from myocardial infarction among men in Shanghai, China. American journal of epidemiology, vol.154, issue.9, pp.809-816, 2001.

H. M. Yusof, E. A. Miles, and P. Calder, Influence of very long-chain n-3 fatty acids on plasma markers of inflammation in middle-aged men, Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, vol.78, issue.3, pp.219-228, 2008.

S. Yusuf, S. Hawken, S. Ounpuu, T. Dans, A. Avezum et al., Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study, Lisheng L et Investigators IS, vol.364, pp.937-952, 2004.

A. Zampolli, A. Bysted, T. Leth, A. Mortensen, D. Caterina-r-et-falk et al., Contrasting effect of fish oil supplementation on the development of atherosclerosis in murine models, Atherosclerosis, vol.184, issue.1, pp.78-85, 2006.

Y. Zhang, C. L. Oltman, T. Lu, H. C. Lee, K. C. Dellsperger et al., EET homologs potently dilate coronary microvessels and activate BK(Ca) channels, American journal of physiology Heart and circulatory physiology, vol.280, issue.6, pp.2430-2440, 2001.

A. Zhao, J. Yu, J. L. Lew, L. Huang, W. Sd et al., Polyunsaturated fatty acids are FXR ligands and differentially regulate expression of FXR targets, DNA and cell biology, vol.23, issue.8, pp.519-526, 2004.

Y. Zhao, S. Joshi-barve, S. Barve, and L. H. Chen, Eicosapentaenoic acid prevents LPSinduced TNF-alpha expression by preventing NF-kappaB activation, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, vol.23, issue.1, pp.71-78, 2004.

J. Zheng, T. Huang, Y. Yu, X. Hu, Y. B. Li et al., Fish consumption and CHD mortality: an updated meta-analysis of seventeen cohort studies, Public health nutrition, vol.15, issue.4, pp.725-737, 2012.

B. Q. Zhu, R. E. Sievers, W. M. Isenberg, D. L. Smith, and W. W. Parmley, Regression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits: effects of fish oil and verapamil, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.15, issue.1, pp.231-237, 1990.