, We detail in the following proposition the explicit form of 3D-contact sub-Riemannian geodesics obtained by applying the maximum principle to, vol.1

, The polynomialsP ± have either 2 or 4 distinct simple roots on the unit circle. (ii) The polynomialsP ± share a unit root withT if and only if Res(µ, ? ± , b) = 0 where Res(µ, ? ± , b) is the resultant polynomial ofP ± andT

Y. Achdou and M. Laurière, On the System of Partial Differential Equations Arising in Mean Field type Control. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, vol.35, pp.3879-3900, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01132008

Y. Achdou and M. Laurière, Mean Field Type Control with Congestion. Applied Mathematics & Optimization, vol.73, issue.3, pp.393-418, 2016.

A. Agrachev, Methods of Control Theory in Nonholonomic Geometry, Proceedings of the ICM, 1995.

A. Agrachev, Exponential Mappings for Contact Sub-Riemannian Structures, Journal of Dynamical Control Systems, vol.2, issue.3, pp.321-358, 1996.

A. Agrachev, D. Barilari, and U. Boscain, A Comprehensive Introduction to Sub-Riemannian Geometry, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02019181

A. Agrachev, H. Chakir, and J. P. Gauthier, Subriemannian metrics on R 3 . Geometric control and nonholonomic Mechanics, Proceedings of Canadian Mathematical Society, vol.25, pp.29-76, 1998.

A. Agrachev, G. Charlot, J. P. Gauthier, and V. Zakalyukin, On Subriemannian Caustics and Wave Fronts for Contact Distributions in the Three Space, Journal of Dynamical and control Systems, vol.6, issue.3, pp.365-395, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00383027

A. Agrachev and Y. Sachkov, Control Theory from the Geometric Viewpoint, Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences, vol.87, 2004.

G. Albi, J. D. Balagué, J. Carrillo, and . Von-brecht, Stability Analysis of Flock and Mill Rings for Second Order Models in Swarming, SIAM J. App. Math, vol.74, issue.3, pp.794-818, 2014.

G. Albi, M. Bongini, E. Cristiani, and D. Kalise, Invisible control of self-organizing agents leaving unknown environments, SIAM J. Appl. Math, vol.76, issue.4, pp.1683-1710, 2016.

L. Ambrosio, Transport Equation and Cauchy Problem for BV Vector Fields, Inventiones Mathematicae, vol.158, issue.2, pp.227-260, 2004.

L. Ambrosio and G. Crippa, Continuity Equations and ODE Flows with Non-Smooth Velocities, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol.144, issue.6, pp.1191-1244, 2014.

L. Ambrosio, G. Crippa, C. De-lellis, F. Otto, and M. Westdickenberg, Transport Equationsand Multi-D Hyperbolic Conservation Laws, Lecture Notes of the Unione Matematica Italiana, vol.5, 2008.

L. Ambrosio, N. Fusco, and D. Pallara, Functions of Bounded Variations and Free Discontinuity Problems, Oxford Mathematical Monographs, 2000.

L. Ambrosio and W. Gangbo, Hamiltonian ODEs in the Wasserstein space of probability measures, Comm. Pure Appl. Math, vol.61, issue.1, pp.18-53, 2008.

L. Ambrosio and N. Gigli, Construction of the Parallel Transport in the Wasserstein Space, Methods and Applications of Analysis, vol.15, issue.1, pp.1-30, 2008.

L. Ambrosio, N. Gigli, and G. Savaré, Gradient Flows in Metric Spaces and in the Space of Probability Measures, Lectures in Mathematics ETH Zürich. Birkhäuser Verlag, 2008.

L. Ambrosio, N. Gigli, and G. Savaré, Calculus and Heat Flow in Metric Measure Spaces and Applications to Spaces with Ricci Bounds from Below. Inventiones Mathematicae, vol.195, pp.289-391, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00769378

M. Arjovsky, S. Chintala, and L. Bottou, Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks, Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning, vol.70, pp.214-223, 2017.

V. I. Arnold, Singularity Theory, Lectures Notes, vol.53, 1981.

A. V. Arutyunov, D. Y. Karamzin, and F. L. Pereira, The Maximum Principle for Optimal Control Problems with State Constraints by R.V. Gamkrelidze: Revisited, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, vol.149, issue.3, 2011.

A. V. Arutyunov, R. Vinter, and . Simple, Finite Approximations" Proof of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle under Reduced Differentiability Hypotheses, Set-Valued Analysis, vol.12, issue.1, 2004.

M. Ballerini, N. Cabibbo, and R. Candelier, Interaction Ruling Animal Collective Behavior Depends on Topological Rather than Metric Distance: Evidence from a Field Study, Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, vol.105, pp.1232-1237, 2008.

R. W. Beard and W. Ren, Distributed Consensus in Multi-Vehicle Cooperative Control, 2008.

N. Bellomo, P. Degond, and E. Tadmor, Advances in Theory, Models, and Applications, vol.1, 2017.

N. Bellomo, M. A. Herrero, and A. Tosin, On the Dynamics of Social Conflicts: Looking for the Black Swan, Kinetic & Related Models, vol.6, issue.3, pp.459-479, 2013.

J. D. Benamou and Y. Brenier, A Computational Fluid Mechanics Solution to the Monge-Kantorovich Mass Transfer Problem, Numerische Mathematik, vol.84, issue.3, pp.375-393, 2000.

S. Berman, A. Halasz, M. A. Hsieh, and V. Kumar, Optimized Stochastic Policies for Task Allocation in Swarms of Robots, IEEE Trans. Rob, vol.25, issue.4, pp.927-937, 2009.

A. L. Bertozzi and C. M. Topaz, Swarming Patterns in a Two-Dimensional Kinematic Model for Biological Groups, SIAM J. App. Math, vol.65, issue.1, pp.152-174, 2004.

R. Bonalli, B. Hérissé, and E. Trélat, Optimal Control of Endo-Atmospheric Launch Vehicle Systems: Geometric and Computational Issues, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01626869

M. Bongini, M. Fornasier, F. Rossi, and F. Solombrino, Mean Field Pontryagin Maximum Principle, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, vol.175, pp.1-38, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01577930

L. Bonnard, E. Faubourg, and . Trélat, Optimal Control of the Atmospheric Arc of a Space Shuttle and Numerical Simulation with, Multiple Shooting Methods. Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, vol.15, issue.1, pp.109-140, 2005.

B. Bonnard, L. Faubourg, and E. Trélat, Mécanique céleste et contrôle de systèmes spatiaux, Mathématiques et Applications, vol.51, 2006.

B. Bonnet, A Pontryagin Maximum Principle in Wasserstein Spaces for Constrained Optimal Control Problems
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01937106

B. Bonnet and F. Rossi, The Pontryagin Maximum Principle in the Wasserstein Space, Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations, vol.58, p.11, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01637050

U. Boscain and B. Piccoli, Optimal Synthesis for Control Systems on 2D Manifolds, Mathématiques et Applications, 2004.

A. Bressan and B. Piccoli, Introduction to the, AIMS Series on Applied Mathematics, 2007.

H. Brézis, Functional Analysis, Sobolev Spaces and Partial Differential Equations. Universitext, 2010.

M. Burger, R. Pinnau, O. Totzeck, and O. Tse, Mean-Field Optimal Control and Optimality Conditions in the Space of Probability Measures

L. Caffarelli, Some Regularity Properties of Solutions of Monge Ampère Equation, Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol.44, issue.8-9, pp.965-969, 1991.

M. Caponigro, M. Fornasier, B. Piccoli, and E. Trélat, Sparse Stabilization and Optimal Control of the Cucker-Smale Model, Mathematical Control and Related Fields, vol.3, issue.4, pp.447-466, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00861910

M. Caponigro, M. Fornasier, B. Piccoli, and E. Trélat, Sparse Stabilization and Control of Alignment Models, Math. Mod. Meth. Appl. Sci, vol.25, issue.3, pp.521-564, 2015.

M. Caponigro, B. Piccoli, F. Rossi, and E. Trélat, Mean-Field Sparse Jurdjevic-Quinn Control, Math. Mod. Meth. Appl. Sci, vol.27, issue.7, pp.1223-1253, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01426410

M. Caponigro, B. Piccoli, F. Rossi, and E. Trélat, Sparse Jurdjevic-Quinn Stabilization of Dissipative Systems, Automatica, vol.86, pp.110-120, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01397843

P. Cardaliaguet, Notes on Mean-Field Games, 2012.

F. Cardaliaguet, J. Delarue, P. Lasry, and . Lions, The Master Equation and the Convergence Problem in Mean Field Games
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01196045

A. Cardaliaguet, D. Poretta, and . Tonon, Sobolev Regularity for the First Order Hamilton-Jacobi Equation, Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations, vol.54, pp.3037-3065, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01251162

P. Cardaliaguet and L. Silvester, Hölder Continuity to Hamilton-Jacobi Equations with Super-Quadratic Growth in the Gradient and Unbounded Right-Hand Side, Communications in Partial Differential Equations, vol.37, issue.9, pp.1668-1688, 2012.

J. A. Carrillo, M. Fornasier, J. Rosado, and G. Toscani, Asymptotic Flocking for the Kinetic Cucker-Smale Model, SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, vol.42, issue.1, pp.218-236, 2010.

G. Cavagnari, A. Marigonda, K. T. Nguyen, and F. Priuli, Generalized Control Systems in the Space of Probability Measures. Set-Valued and Variational Analysis, vol.26, pp.663-691, 2018.

G. Cavagnari, A. Marigonda, and B. Piccoli, Averaged Time-Optimal Control Problem in the Space of, Positive Borel Measures. ESAIM COCV, vol.24, issue.2, pp.721-740, 2018.

H. Chakir, J. P. Gauthier, and I. Kupka, Small Sub-Riemannian Balls on R 3, Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems, vol.2, issue.3, 1996.

Y. Chitour, F. Colonius, and M. Sigalotti, Growth Rates for Persistently Excited Linear Systems. Mathematics of Control, Signals and Systems, vol.26, pp.589-616, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00851671

Y. Chitour and M. Sigalotti,

L. Chizat and F. Bach, On the Global Convergence of Gradient Descent for Over-parameterized Models using Optimal Transport
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01798792

L. Chizat, G. Peyré, B. Schmitzer, and F. X. Vialard, Scaling Algorithms for Unbalanced Optimal Transport Problems, Mathematics of Computations, vol.87, pp.2563-2609, 2018.

Y. T. Chow and W. Gangbo, A Partial Laplacian as an Infinitesimal Generator on the Wasserstein Space

R. Cibulka, A. L. Dontchev, M. I. Krastanov, and V. M. Veliov, Metrically Regular Differential Generalized Equations, SIAM J. Cont. Opt, vol.56, issue.1, pp.316-342, 2018.

F. Clarke, Functional Analysis, Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00865914

J. Cortés and E. , Coordinated Control of Multi-Robot Systems: A Survey, SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration, vol.10, issue.6, pp.495-503, 2017.

E. Cristiani, B. Piccoli, and A. Tosin, Multiscale Modeling of Pedestrian Dynamics, vol.12, 2014.

F. Cucker and S. Smale, Emergent Behavior in Flocks, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, vol.52, issue.5, pp.852-862, 2007.

F. Cucker and S. Smale, On the Mathematics of Emergence, Japanese Journal of Mathematics, vol.2, issue.1, pp.197-227, 2007.

F. Dalmao and E. Mordecki, Cucker-Smale Flocking under Hierarchical Leadership and Random Interactions, SIAM J. Appl. Math, vol.71, issue.4, pp.1307-1316, 2011.

J. M. Danskin, The Theory of Max-Min and its Application to Weapons Allocation Problems, Ökonometrie und Unternehmensforschung Econometrics and Operations Research, vol.5, 1967.

G. D. Phillipis, Regularity of Optimal Transport Maps and Applications, 2012.

G. De-phillipis and A. Figalli, Regularity for Solutions of the Monge-Ampère Equation, Inventiones Mathematicae, vol.192, issue.1, pp.55-69, 2013.

R. L. Di-perna and L. P. , Ordinary Differential Equations, Transport Theory and Sobolev Spaces. Inventiones Mathematicae, vol.98, pp.511-548, 1989.

J. Diestel and J. J. Uhl, , vol.15, 1977.

A. L. Dontchev and W. W. Hager, Lipschitzian Stability in Nonlinear Control and Optimization, SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, vol.31, issue.3, pp.569-603, 1993.

A. L. Dontchev, M. I. Krastanov, and V. M. Veliov, On the Existence of Lipschitz Continuous Optimal Feedback Control

J. Dugundji, An Extension of Tietze's Theorem, Pacific Journal of Mathematics, vol.1, issue.3, pp.353-367, 1951.

M. Duprez, M. Morancey, and F. Rossi, Approximate and Exact Controllability of the Continuity Equation with a Localized Vector Field, Siam Journal on Control and Optimization
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01619019

M. Duprez, M. Morancey, and F. Rossi, Minimal Time Problem for Crowd Models with a Localized Vector Field, p.1676679, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01676679

K. Elamvazhuthi and S. Berman, Optimal Control of Stochastic Coverage Strategies for Robotic Swarms, IEEE Int. Conf. Rob. Aut, 2015.

H. Federer, Geometric Measure Theory, 1996.

A. Ferscha and K. Zia, Lifebelt: Crowd evacuation based on vibro-tactile guidance, IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol.9, issue.4, pp.33-42, 2010.

A. Figalli, Optimal Tansport, Euler Equations, 2009.

A. Figalli, Y. H. Kim, and R. J. Mccann, Hölder Continuity and Injectivity of Optimal Maps. Archives of Rational Mechanics and Analysis, vol.209, pp.747-795, 2013.

M. Fornasier, S. Lisini, C. Orrieri, and G. Savaré, Mean-Field Optimal Control as Gamma-Limit of Finite Agent Controls, European Journal of Applied Mathematics, pp.1-34, 2019.

M. Fornasier, B. Piccoli, and F. Rossi, Mean-Field Sparse Optimal Control, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, vol.372, p.20130400, 2014.

M. Fornasier and F. Solombrino, Mean Field Optimal Control, Esaim COCV, vol.20, issue.4, pp.1123-1152, 2014.

G. N. Galbraith and R. B. Vinter, Lipschitz Continuity of Optimal Controls for State-Constrained Problems, SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, vol.42, issue.5, pp.1727-1744, 2003.

R. V. Gamkrelidze, Optimal Control Processes under Bounded Phase Coordinates, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Math, vol.24, issue.3, pp.315-356, 1959.

W. Gangbo, A. Nguyen, and . Tudorascu, Hamilton-Jacobi Equations in the Wasserstein Space, Methods and Applications of Analysis, vol.15, issue.2, pp.155-184, 2008.

W. Gangbo and A. Tudorascu, On Differentiability in Wasserstein Spaces and Well-Posedness for Hamilton-Jacobi Equations, 2017.

U. Gianazza, G. Savaré, and G. Toscani, The Wasserstein Gradient Flow of the Fisher Information and the Quantum Drift-Diffusion Equation, Archives of Rational Mechanics and Analysis, vol.1, issue.194, pp.133-220, 2009.

N. Gigli, Second Order Analysis on (P 2 (M, vol.216, 2012.

S. Y. Ha and J. G. Liu, A Simple Proof of the Cucker-Smale Flocking Dynamics and Mean-Field Limit, Comm. Math. Sci, vol.7, issue.2, pp.297-325, 2009.

W. W. Hager, Multiplier Method for Nonlinear Optimal Control, SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, vol.27, issue.4, pp.1061-1080, 1990.

R. Hegselmann and U. Krause, Opinion Dynamics and Bounded Confidence Models, Analysis, and Simulation, Journal of artificial societies and social simulation, vol.5, issue.3, 2002.

M. Y. Huang, R. Malhamé, and P. E. Caines, Large Population Stochastic Dynamic Games : Closed-Loop McKean-Vlasov Systems and the Nash Certainty Equivalence Principle, Communications in Information and Systems, vol.6, issue.3, pp.221-252, 2006.

I. A. Shvartsman and R. B. Vinter, Regularity Properties of Optimal Controls for Problems with Time-Varying State and Control Constraints, Nonlinear Analysis, vol.65, pp.448-474, 2006.

A. D. Ioffe, A Lagrange Multiplier Rule with Small Convex-Valued Subdifferentials for Nonsmooth Problems of Mathematical Programming Involving Equality and Nonfunctional Constraints, Math. Program, vol.58, pp.137-145, 1993.

A. D. Ioffe and V. M. Tihomirov, Theory of Extremal Problems, 1979.

R. Jordan, D. Kinderlehrer, and F. Otto, The Variational Formulation of the Fokker-Planck Equation, SIAM Journal of Mathematical Analysis, vol.29, issue.1, pp.1-17, 1998.

L. V. Kantorovich, On the Translocation of Mass, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. USSR, vol.37, pp.199-201, 1942.

J. Lasry and P. Lions, Mean Field Games, Japanese Journal of Mathematics, vol.2, issue.1, pp.229-260, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00667356

H. Lavenant and F. Santambrogio, Optimal Density Evolution with Congestion: L ? Bounds via Flow Interchange Techniques and Applications to Variational Mean Field Games, Communications in Partial Differential Equations, vol.43, issue.12, pp.1761-1802, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01522084

M. Lavrentiev, Sur Quelques Problèmes du Calcul des Variations, Annali di Matematica Pura e Applicata, vol.4, issue.1, pp.7-28, 1927.

J. Lott and C. Villani, Ricci Curvature for Metric-Measure Spaces via Optimal Transport, Annals of Mathematics, vol.169, issue.3, pp.903-991, 2009.

M. Maghenem and A. Loría, Strict Lyapunov Functions for Time-Varying Systems with Persistency of Excitation, Automatica, vol.78, pp.274-279, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01744598

M. Maghenem, A. Loría, and E. Panteley, Formation-tracking control of autonomous vehicles under relaxed persistency of excitation conditions, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol.26, issue.5, pp.1860-1865, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01744634

B. Maury and J. Venel, A mathematical framework for a crowd motion model, Comptes Rendus Mathematique, vol.346, issue.23, pp.1245-1250, 2008.

B. Maury and J. Venel, A discrete contact model for crowd motion, ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis, vol.45, issue.1, pp.145-168, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00350815

G. Mazanti and F. Santambrogio, Minimal-Time Mean-Field Games. Submitted, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01768363

F. Mazenc and M. Malisoff, Construction of Strict Lyapunov Functions, 2009.

S. Mcquade, B. Piccoli, and N. Pouradier-duteil, Social Dynamics Models with Time-varying Influence, Accepted in Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02090560

G. Monge, Mémoire sur la Théorie des Déblais et des Remblais. Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de Paris, p.1781

L. Moreau, Stability of Multiagent Systems with Time-Dependent Communication Links, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, pp.169-182, 2005.

A. Muntean, J. Rademacher, and A. Zagaris, Macroscopic and large scale phenomena: coarse graining, mean field limits and ergodicity, 2016.

F. Otto, The Geometry of Dissipative Equations : The Porous Medium Equation, Communications in Partial Differential Equations, vol.26, pp.101-174

J. P. Penot and P. Michel, Calcul sous-différentiel pour les fonction Lipschitziennes et non-Lipschitziennes, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér.I, vol.298, pp.269-272, 1984.

B. Piccoli and F. Rossi, Transport Equation with Nonlocal Velocity in Wasserstein Spaces : Convergence of Numerical Schemes, Acta applicandae mathematicae, vol.124, issue.1, pp.73-105, 2013.

B. Piccoli, F. Rossi, and E. Trélat, Control of the kinetic Cucker-Smale model, SIAM J. Math. Anal, vol.47, issue.6, pp.4685-4719, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01084257

B. Piccoli, F. Rossi, and E. Trélat, Sparse control of second-order cooperative systems and partial differential equations to approximate alignment, 22nd International Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems, 2016.

N. Pogodaev, Numerical Algorithm for Optimal Control of Continuity Equations

N. Pogodaev, Optimal Control of Continuity Equations, Nonlinear Differential Equations and Applications, vol.23, p.21, 2016.

L. S. Pontryagin, The Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes, vol.4, 1987.

A. Prosinski and F. Santambrogio, Global-in-Time Regularity via Duality for Congestion-Penalized Mean Field Games. Stochastics, vol.89, pp.923-942, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01295289

J. Rabin, G. Peyré, J. Delon, and M. Bernot, Wasserstein Barycenter and Its Application to Texture Mixing, Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer Vision, vol.6667, pp.435-446

L. N. Ru, Z. C. Li, and X. P. Xue, Cucker-Smale flocking with randomly failed interactions, Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol.352, issue.3, pp.1099-1118, 2015.

W. Rudin, Real and Complex Analysis. Mathematical Series. McGraw-Hill International Editions, 1987.

L. Sacchelli, Short Geodesics Losing Optimality in Contact Sub-Riemannian Manifolds and Stability of the5-Dimensional Caustic. Accepted for publication in SIAM, Journal of Control, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01961959

F. Santambrogio, Optimal Transport for Applied Mathematicians, vol.87, 2015.

I. A. Shvartsman, New approximation method in the proof of the maximum principle for nonsmooth optimal control problems with state constraints, J. Math. Anal. Appl, issue.326, pp.974-1000, 2006.

H. L. Smith, Monotone dynamical systems, 1995.

J. Solomon, F. De-goes, G. Peyré, M. Cuturi, A. Butscher et al., Convolutional Wasserstein Distances: Efficient Optimal Transportation on Geometric Domains, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol.34, issue.4, 2015.

H. Spohn, Large scale dynamics of interacting particles, 2012.

K. T. Sturm, On the Geometry of Metric Measure Spaces, Acta Mathematica, vol.196, issue.1, pp.65-131, 2006.

F. Tröltzsch, Optimal Control of Partial Differential Equations, 2010.

C. Villani, Optimal Transport : Old and New, 2009.

R. B. Vinter, Optimal Control. Modern Birkhauser Classics, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00629428

A. A. Vlasov, Many-Particle Theory and its Application to Plasma, 1961.