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, Résumé

. La-conversion-photovoltaïque, PV) de l'énergie solaire repose sur la capacité qu'ont certains matériaux à convertir l'énergie des photons en courant électrique

, à base de matériaux semi-conducteurs III-V, est un empilement de sous-cellules aux gaps décroissants qui permet notamment une plus large utilisation du spectre solaire Soumettre ces cellules PV à un flux solaire concentré permet d'augmenter significativement la puissance électrique créée par celles-ci, et ainsi d'abaisser substantiellement le coût de l'électricité produite. Le record du monde est actuellement détenu par le partenariat Soitec / Fraunhofer ISE avec un rendement de 46,0 % mesuré sur une cellule quadruple-jonctions en GaInP, Une cellule multi-jonctions (MJ)

, simple à mettre en oeuvre avec des cellules MJ monolithiques accordées sur substrat de GaSb pour des concentrations solaire de 1 000, soit une irradiance directe de 1 MW/m² Ce type de cellules, du fait de la très bonne complémentarité des gaps des matériaux et ses alignements de bandes favorables, constitue une alternative crédible et originale aux cellules existantes pour une utilisation sous flux solaire fortement concentré Afin de mieux comprendre la cellule multijonctions III-Sb optimale, les travaux réalisés ont porté sur la fabrication et la caractérisation des trois sous-cellules fabriquées indépendamment. Ces trois échantillons épitaxiés sont l, cellule Middle) et le GaSb (cellule Bottom) ayant comme gaps respectifs 1, pp.22-22

, 30 nm) sur substrat GaSb type P. - La caractérisation sous obscurité courant-tension des paramètres électriques des cellules PV à température ambiante et en fonction de la température. - La caractérisation thermique par mesure de la conductivité thermique des matériaux et une cartographie de température de surface en fonction du flux solaire concentré en conditions réelles. - La caractérisation électro-optique par réponse spectrale, à partir de laquelle nous avons calculé le rendement quantique externe qui représente le rapport entre la quantité d'électrons créés et la quantité de photons incidente. - La caractérisation sous illumination à 1 soleil (1 000 W/m²) sous simulateur solaire et en conditions solaire dont nous avons comparé les paramètres électriques. - La caractérisation des cellules sous flux solaire (fortement), La caractérisation des métallisations par structure TLM (Transmission Line Method) dont le meilleur résultat obtenu concerne une métallisation tri, pp.2-96

, Ce travail a été cofinancé par le Ministère de l'Education et de la Recherche (Allocation ED)