. Eventually, the light shift slope is measured to be ?0029 Hz/µW, i.e ?50.9 Hz cm 2 /mW, which yields relatively to the clock frequency 5.5 10 ?9 cm 2 /mW This value is of the same order of magnitude than light-shift coefficients measured in Ref. [262] in paraffin-coated cells. Moreover, we note in Fig. 6.6 that the temperature dependence of the clock transition in the Cs-OTS cell is roughly 24 Hz/ ? C, which yields relatively to the clock frequency 2 ) in a laser-pumped paraffin-coated cell rubidium frequency standard [264] and huge compared to typical sensitivities that can be achieved in optimized buffer-gas filled vapor cells, This high temperature sensitivity could be a serious drawback for the use of OTS-coatings towards the development of high-performance compact atomic clocks. [1] C. Cohen-Tannoudji, B. Diu, and F. Laloë. Quantum Mechanics, 1977.

L. Essen and J. V. Parry, An Atomic Standard of Frequency and Time Interval: A C??sium Resonator, Nature, vol.43, issue.4476, pp.280-282, 1955.
DOI : 10.1038/176280a0

A. Kastler, Optical Methods of Atomic Orientation and of Magnetic Resonance*, Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol.47, issue.6, pp.460-465, 1957.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSA.47.000460

C. E. Wieman and L. Hollberg, Using diode lasers for atomic physics, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.62, issue.1, pp.1-20, 1991.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.408

S. Chu, Nobel Lecture: The manipulation of neutral particles, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.20, issue.3, p.685, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.20.1521

C. N. Cohen-tannoudji, Nobel Lecture: Manipulating atoms with photons, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.35, issue.3, p.707, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.35.198

W. D. Phillips, Nobel Lecture: Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.67, issue.3, p.721, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.46
URL : https://zenodo.org/record/1233967/files/article.pdf

M. H. Anderson, J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor, Science, vol.269, issue.5221, pp.198-201, 1995.
DOI : 10.1126/science.269.5221.198
URL : http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/269/5221/198.full.pdf

K. B. Davis, M. O. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. Van-druten, D. S. Durfee et al., Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Gas of Sodium Atoms, Physical Review Letters, vol.35, issue.22, pp.3969-3973, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.35.4354
URL : https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/2240248/27877_126335y.pdf

C. C. Bradley, C. A. Sackett, J. J. Tollett, and R. G. Hulet, Evidence of Bose-Einstein Condensation in an Atomic Gas with Attractive Interactions, Physical Review Letters, vol.51, issue.9, p.751687, 1995.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.3896
URL : https://scholarship.rice.edu/bitstream/1911/79442/1/PhysRevLett.75.1687.pdf

T. Kessler, C. Hagemann, C. Grebing, T. Legero, U. Sterr et al., A sub-40-mHz-linewidth laser based on a silicon single-crystal optical cavity, Nature Photonics, vol.2, issue.10, pp.687-692, 2012.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.2.001527
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.3854

R. W. Drever, J. L. Hall, F. V. Kowalski, J. Hough, G. M. Ford et al., Laser phase and frequency stabilization using an optical resonator, Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry, vol.17, issue.2, pp.31-97, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00702605

S. A. Diddams, D. J. Jones, J. Ye, S. T. Cundiff, J. L. Hall et al., Direct Link between Microwave and Optical Frequencies with a 300 THz Femtosecond Laser Comb, Physical Review Letters, vol.288, issue.22, p.5102, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.288.5466.635
URL : http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1359.pdf

M. Schioppo, R. C. Brown, W. F. Mcgrew, N. Hinkley, R. J. Fasano et al., Ultrastable optical clock with two cold-atom ensembles, Nature Photonics, vol.107, issue.1, pp.48-52, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s00340-012-4952-6
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.06867

Y. Y. Jiang, A. D. Ludlow, N. D. Lemke, R. W. Fox, J. A. Sherman et al., Making optical atomic clocks more stable with 10???16-level laser stabilization, Nature Photonics, vol.54, issue.3, pp.158-161, 2011.
DOI : 10.1109/TUFFC.2007.337
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1101.1351

C. Chou, D. Hume, J. Koelemeij, D. Wineland, and T. Rosenband, Frequency Comparison of Two High-Accuracy Al + Optical Clocks, Physical Review Letters, vol.104, issue.7, 2010.
DOI : 10.1103/physrevlett.104.070802
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/0911.4527

R. Tyumenev, M. Favier, S. Bilicki, E. Bookjans, R. L. Targat et al., Comparing a mercury optical lattice clock with microwave and optical frequency standards, New Journal of Physics, vol.18, issue.11, pp.11300210-1088, 2016.
DOI : 10.1088/1367-2630/18/11/113002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01414967

S. M. Raupach, A. Koczwara, and G. Grosche, Optical frequency transfer via a 660 km underground fiber link using a remote Brillouin amplifier, Optics Express, vol.22, issue.22, p.26537, 2014.
DOI : 10.1364/OE.22.026537
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1407.4907

S. Droste, F. Ozimek, T. Udem, K. Predehl, T. W. Hänsch et al., Optical-Frequency Transfer over a Single-Span 1840 km Fiber Link, Physical Review Letters, vol.111, issue.11, pp.1079-7114, 2013.
DOI : 10.1103/physrevlett.111.110801

C. Lisdat, G. Grosche, N. Quintin, C. Shi, S. Raupach et al., A clock network for geodesy and fundamental science, Nature Communications, vol.52, p.1244310, 1038.
DOI : 10.1088/0026-1394/52/4/565
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01789204

J. Camparo, The rubidium atomic clock and basic research, Physics Today, vol.60, issue.11, pp.33-39, 2007.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.19.001169

V. Formichella, J. Camparo, and P. Tavella, Influence of the ac-Stark shift on GPS atomic clock timekeeping, Applied Physics Letters, vol.1, issue.4, p.43506, 2017.
DOI : 10.1063/1.4914493

S. Micalizio, C. E. Calosso, A. Godone, and F. Levi, Metrological characterization of the pulsed Rb clock with optical detection, Metrologia, vol.49, issue.4, pp.425-436, 2012.
DOI : 10.1088/0026-1394/49/4/425
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1111.3450

J. Danet, M. Lours, S. Guérandel, and E. De-clercq, Dick effect in a pulsed atomic clock using coherent population trapping, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol.61, issue.4, pp.567-574, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/TUFFC.2014.2945
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.6673

T. Bandi, C. Affolderbach, C. Stefanucci, F. Merli, A. K. Skrivervik et al., Compact high-performance continuous-wave double-resonance rubidium standard with 1.4 10 ?13 ? ?1/2 stability, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, issue.11, pp.61-1769, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/tuffc.2013.005955

G. Alzetta, A. Gozzini, L. Moi, and G. Orriols, ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????, Il Nuovo Cimento B Series 11, vol.17, issue.1, pp.5-20, 1971.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02746514

H. Schuh and D. Behrend, VLBI: A fascinating technique for geodesy and astrometry, Journal of Geodynamics, vol.61, pp.68-80, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jog.2012.07.007

D. Rogers, Broadband Quantum Cryptography, Synthesis Lectures on Quantum Computing, vol.39, issue.7, 2010.
DOI : 10.1049/el:20030400

A. V. Sergienko, Quantum Communications and Cryptography, 2005.
DOI : 10.1201/9781420026603

M. Russon, Atomic clock invention syncs orders ultra-quickly to prevent high-frequency trading fraud, International Business Times, 2016.

L. Shen, This Legendary Hedge Fund Hopes to Use Physics to Battle Wall Street's Speed Demons, FORTUNE, 2016.

R. Bouchendira, P. Cladé, S. Guellati-khélifa, F. Nez, and F. Biraben, New Determination of the Fine Structure Constant and Test of the Quantum Electrodynamics, Physical Review Letters, vol.106, issue.8, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00547525

J. D. Anderson, G. Schubert, V. Trimble, and M. R. Feldman, Measurements of Newton's gravitational constant and the length of day, EPL (Europhysics Letters), vol.110, issue.1, p.10002, 2015.
DOI : 10.1209/0295-5075/110/10002

G. Rosi, F. Sorrentino, L. Cacciapuoti, M. Prevedelli, and G. M. Tino, Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant using cold atoms, Nature, vol.510, issue.7506, pp.510518-521, 2014.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.101102
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.7954

G. Gräff, H. Kalinowsky, and J. Traut, A direct determination of the proton electron mass ratio. Zeitschrift für Physik A: Atoms and Nuclei, pp.35-39, 1980.

J. Vanier and C. Audoin, The Quantum Physics of Atomic Frequency Standards. A. Hilger, 1989.
DOI : 10.1201/9781420050851

J. Rutman and F. L. Walls, Characterization of frequency stability in precision frequency sources, Proceedings of the IEEE, pp.952-960, 1991.
DOI : 10.1109/5.84972
URL : https://zenodo.org/record/1232285/files/article.pdf

J. R. Vig, Introduction to quartz frequency standards, 1992.

M. Lombardi, Time and Frequency from A to Z, H. https://www.nist.gov/time-and-frequencyservices, pp.2010-2015

E. Rubiola, Phase Noise and Frequency Stability in Oscillators. The Cambridge RF and microwave engineering series, 2008.
DOI : 10.1017/cbo9780511812798
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00344308

R. , L. Targat, L. Lorini, Y. L. Coq, M. Zawada et al., Experimental realization of an optical second with strontium lattice clocks, Nature Communications, vol.4, 2013.

A. D. Ludlow, T. Zelevinsky, G. K. Campbell, S. Blatt, M. M. Boyd et al., Sr Lattice Clock at 1 x 10-16 Fractional Uncertainty by Remote Optical Evaluation with a Ca Clock, Science, vol.8, issue.22, pp.3191805-1808, 2008.
DOI : 10.1088/1367-2630/8/8/159
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/0801.4344

T. L. Nicholson, M. J. Martin, J. R. Williams, B. J. Bloom, M. Bishof et al., Comparison of Two Independent Sr Optical Clocks with 1 10 ?17 Stability at 10 3 s, Physical Review Letters, vol.109, issue.23, pp.1079-7114, 2012.
DOI : 10.1103/physrevlett.109.230801
URL : https://link.aps.org/accepted/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.230801

A. A. Madej, P. Dubé, Z. Zhou, J. E. Bernard, and M. Gertsvolf, 88 Sr + 445-THz Single-Ion Reference at the 10 ?17 Level via Control and Cancellation of Systematic Uncertainties and Its Measurement against the SI Second, Physical Review Letters, vol.109, issue.20, 2012.
DOI : 10.1103/physrevlett.109.203002
URL : http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/view/accepted/?id=274298e0-fe5e-48f5-8e2a-99255f633147

N. Huntemann, M. Okhapkin, B. Lipphardt, S. Weyers, C. Tamm et al., High-Accuracy Optical Clock Based on the Octupole Transition in 171 Yb +, Physical Review Letters, vol.108, issue.9, 2012.
DOI : 10.1103/physrevlett.108.090801
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1111.2446

D. W. Allan, Statistics of atomic frequency standards, Proceedings of the IEEE, pp.221-230, 1966.
DOI : 10.1109/PROC.1966.4634
URL : http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/7.pdf

R. Szmuk, V. Dugrain, W. Maineult, J. Reichel, and P. Rosenbusch, Stability of a trappedatom clock on a chip, Physical Review A, vol.92, issue.1, 2015.
DOI : 10.1103/physreva.92.012106
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.03864

S. Knappe, V. Shah, P. D. Schwindt, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching et al., A microfabricated atomic clock, Applied Physics Letters, vol.74, issue.9, pp.1460-1462, 2004.
DOI : 10.1063/1.92298

Y. Zhang, W. Yang, S. Zhang, and J. Zhao, Rubidium chip-scale atomic clock with improved long-term stability through light intensity optimization and compensation for laser frequency detuning, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.33, issue.8, p.1756, 2016.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.33.001756

J. D. Prestage, M. Tu, S. K. Chung, and P. Macneal, Compact microwave mercury ion clock for space applications, 2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, pp.651-654, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623080
URL : http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA485485&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf

C. Lacroûte, M. Souidi, P. Bourgeois, J. Millo, K. Saleh et al., optical atomic clock project: design principle and current status, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol.723, issue.1, pp.12025-1742, 2016.
DOI : 10.1088/1742-6596/723/1/012025

J. Cao, P. Zhang, J. Shang, K. Cui, J. Yuan et al., A transportable 40 Ca + single-ion clock with 7.7 10 ?17 systematic uncertainty. arXiv preprint, 2016.

S. B. Koller, J. Grotti, S. Vogt, A. Al-masoudi, S. Dörscher et al., Uncertainty, Physical Review Letters, vol.10, issue.7, pp.1079-7114, 2017.
DOI : 10.1007/s00340-012-4952-6
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00773605

. Oscilloquartz, OSA 3705 Passive Hydrogen Maser

. Microsemi, 5071A Primary Frequency Standard

V. Hermann, M. Gazard, P. Berthoud, S. Lecomte, R. Ruffieux et al., OSCC project : A space Cs beam optically pumped atomic clock for Galileo, 2007 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Joint with the 21st European Frequency and Time Forum, pp.77-80, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319035

C. Berthoud, C. Audoin, R. Barillet, M. Gazard, M. Haldimann et al., Optically-pumped space cesium clock for Galileo : First results of the breadboard, 2008.

D. L. Clercq, étalon primaire de fréquence à jet de césium du BNM-SYRTE, 2004.

M. Lombardi, Time and Frequency from A to Z, C to Ce. https://www.nist.gov/time-andfrequency-services, pp.2010-2015

J. Li, J. Zhang, Y. Bu, C. Cao, W. Wang et al., Space passive hydrogen maser a passive hydrogen maser for space applications, 2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS), pp.1-5, 2016.
DOI : 10.1109/FCS.2016.7546720

F. Droz, P. Mosset, Q. Wang, P. Rochat, M. Belloni et al., Space Passive Hydrogen Maser - Performances and lifetime data-, 2009 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Joint with the 22nd European Frequency and Time forum, pp.393-398, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/FREQ.2009.5168208

J. Camparo, I. Sesia, V. Formichella, G. Signorile, L. Galleani et al., Rubidium clock lamplight variations and long-term frequency instability: First analyses of multiyear GPS data, Proc. 2016 Precise Time and Time Interval Meeting, 2016.

J. Vanier and C. Mandache, The passive optically pumped Rb frequency standard: the laser approach, Applied Physics B, vol.96, issue.4, pp.565-593, 2007.
DOI : 10.1063/1.93279

M. Lombardi, Time and Frequency from A to Z, Re to Ru. https://www.nist.gov/time-andfrequency-services/re-ru, pp.2010-2015

R. J. Carpenter, E. C. Beaty, P. L. Bender, S. Saito, and R. O. Stone, A Prototype Rubidium Vapor Frequency Standard, IRE Transactions on Instrumentation, vol.9, issue.2, pp.132-135, 1960.
DOI : 10.1109/IRE-I.1960.5006903

T. Bandi, C. Affolderbach, C. E. Calosso, and G. Mileti, High-performance laser-pumped rubidium frequency standard for satellite navigation, Electronics Letters, vol.47, issue.12, pp.47698-699, 2011.
DOI : 10.1049/el.2011.0389
URL : http://doc.rero.ch/record/28465/files/Bandi_T._-_High-performance_laser-pumped_rubidium_frequency_standard_20120206.pdf

C. Stefanucci, T. Bandi, F. Merli, M. Pellaton, C. Affolderbach et al., Compact microwave cavity for high performance rubidium frequency standards, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.83, issue.10
DOI : 10.1088/0026-1394/42/3/S09
URL : https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/181821/files/RevSciInstrum_83_104706.pdf

T. Bandi, C. Affolderbach, and G. Mileti, Laser-pumped paraffin-coated cell rubidium frequency standard, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.12, issue.12, p.124906, 2012.
DOI : 10.1063/1.3489922
URL : http://doc.rero.ch/record/29630/files/Bandi_et_al_Laser-pumped_paraffin-coated_cell_rubidium_2012.pdf

C. E. Calosso, A. Godone, F. Levi, and S. Micalizio, Enhanced temperature sensitivity in vapor-cell frequency standards, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol.59, issue.12, pp.2646-2654, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/TUFFC.2012.2505

N. F. Ramsey, A Molecular Beam Resonance Method with Separated Oscillating Fields, Physical Review, vol.59, issue.6, p.695, 1950.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.59.293

A. Godone, S. Micalizio, F. Levi, and C. Calosso, Physics characterization and frequency stability of the pulsed rubidium maser, Physical Review A, vol.69, issue.4, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/TUFFC.2004.1350948

S. Micalizio, A. Godone, C. Calosso, F. Levi, C. Affolderbach et al., Fig. 6., IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol.59, issue.3, pp.457-462, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/TUFFC.2012.2215/mm4

S. Micalizio, A. Godone, F. Levi, B. François, C. E. Calosso et al., The pulsed optically pumped Rb frequency standard: A proposal for a space atomic clock, 2015 IEEE Metrology for Aerospace (MetroAeroSpace), pp.2015-384, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/MetroAeroSpace.2015.7180687

G. A. Pitz, D. E. Wertepny, and G. P. Perram, Pressure broadening and shift of the cesium D 1 transition by the noble gases and N 2, H 6 , CF 4 , and 3 He, pp.1094-1622, 2009.

B. François, C. E. Calosso, J. Danet, and R. Boudot, A low phase noise microwave frequency synthesis for a high-performance cesium vapor cell atomic clock, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.85, issue.9
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.013416

B. François, C. E. Calosso, M. Hafiz, S. Micalizio, and R. Boudot, Simple-design ultra-low phase noise microwave frequency synthesizers for high-performing Cs and Rb vapor-cell atomic clocks, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.86, issue.9, pp.94707-1089, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243619

S. Kang, M. Gharavipour, C. Affolderbach, F. Gruet, and G. Mileti, Demonstration of a high-performance pulsed optically pumped Rb clock based on a compact magnetron-type microwave cavity, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.117, issue.10, p.104510, 2015.
DOI : 10.1887/085274434X
URL : http://doc.rero.ch/record/255163/files/Kang_S.-Demonstration-20150505.pdf

J. Lin, J. Deng, Y. Ma, H. He, and Y. Wang, Detection of ultrahigh resonance contrast in vapor-cell atomic clocks, Optics Letters, vol.37, issue.24, pp.5036-5038, 2012.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.37.005036
URL : http://ir.siom.ac.cn/bitstream/181231/11093/1/ol-37-24-5036.pdf

G. Dong, J. Deng, J. Lin, S. Zhang, H. Lin et al., Recent improvements on the pulsed optically pumped rubidium clock at SIOM, Chinese Optics Letters, vol.15, issue.4, p.40201, 2017.
DOI : 10.3788/COL201715.040201

N. Cyr, M. Tetu, and M. Breton, All-optical microwave frequency standard: a proposal, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol.42, issue.2, pp.640-649, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/19.278645

S. Knappe, R. Wynands, J. Kitching, H. G. Robinson, and L. Hollberg, Characterization of coherent population-trapping resonances as atomic frequency references, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.18, issue.11, pp.1545-1553, 2001.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.18.001545

M. Merimaa, T. Lindvall, I. Tittonen, and E. Ikonen, All-optical atomic clock based on coherent population trapping in ^85Rb, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.20, issue.2, pp.273-279, 2003.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.20.000273

S. Khripunov, D. Radnatarov, and S. Kobtsev, Atomic clock based on a coherent population trapping resonance in 87 Rb with improved high-frequency modulation parameters, pp.93780-93780, 2080165.
DOI : 10.1117/12.2080165

S. Knappe, Emerging Topics : MEMS Atomic Clocks, Comprehensive Microsystems, pp.571-612, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/b978-044452190-3.00048-3

J. Haesler, L. Balet, J. Porchet, T. Overstolz, J. Pierer et al., The integrated swiss miniature atomic clock, 2013 Joint European Frequency and Time Forum & International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC), pp.579-581, 2013.
DOI : 10.1109/EFTF-IFC.2013.6702125

E. Kroemer, J. Rutkowski, V. Maurice, R. Vicarini, M. Hafiz et al., Characterization of commercially available vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers tuned on Cs D 1 line at 894.6 nm for miniature atomic clocks, Applied Optics, vol.558839, issue.31, pp.1539-4522, 2016.
DOI : 10.1364/ao.55.008839

M. Zhu, High contrast signal in a coherent population trapping based atomic frequency standard application In Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition Jointly with the 17th European Frequency and Time Forum, Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International, pp.16-21, 2003.

P. Yun, F. Tricot, C. E. Calosso, S. Micalizio, B. François et al., High-performance coherent population trapping clock with polarization modulation. arXiv preprint, 2016.
DOI : 10.1103/physrevapplied.7.014018
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01528935

P. Yun, J. Danet, D. Holleville, E. De-clercq, and S. Guérandel, Constructive polarization modulation for coherent population trapping clock, Applied Physics Letters, vol.105, issue.23, p.231106, 2014.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.023806

P. Yun, S. Guérandel, and E. De-clercq, Coherent population trapping with polarization modulation, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.119, issue.24, p.244502, 2016.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511813993
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01340200

M. Huang and J. C. Camparo, Coherent population trapping under periodic polarization modulation: Appearance of the CPT doublet, Physical Review A, vol.85, issue.1, 2012.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.25.2985

A. Godone, F. Levi, S. Micalizio, and C. Calosso, Coherent-population-trapping maser: Noise spectrum and frequency stability, Physical Review A, vol.53, issue.1, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.031804

S. Guérandel, J. Danet, P. Yun, and E. De-clercq, High performance compact atomic clock based on coherent population trapping, 2014 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS), pp.1-5, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/FCS.2014.6859919

F. Tricot, P. Yun, B. Francois, S. Mejri, J. Danet et al., Progress on a pulsed CPT clock: Reduction of the main noise source contributions, 2016 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF), pp.1-3
DOI : 10.1109/EFTF.2016.7477813

N. Castagna, S. Guérandel, F. Dahes, T. Zanon, E. De-clercq et al., Frequency Stability Measurement of a Raman-Ramsey Cs Clock, 2007 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Joint with the 21st European Frequency and Time Forum, pp.67-70, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319033

S. Guérandel, T. Zanon, N. Castagna, F. Dahes, E. De-clercq et al., Raman???Ramsey Interaction for Coherent Population Trapping Cs Clock, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol.56, issue.2, pp.383-387, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/TIM.2007.891124

R. Boudot, S. Guerandel, E. De-clercq, N. Dimarcq, and A. Clairon, Current Status of a Pulsed CPT Cs Cell Clock, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol.58, issue.4, pp.1217-1222, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/TIM.2008.2009918
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00372469

J. E. Thomas, P. R. Hemmer, S. Ezekiel, C. C. Leiby-jr, R. H. Picard et al., Observation of Ramsey Fringes Using a Stimulated, Resonance Raman Transition in a Sodium Atomic Beam, Physical Review Letters, vol.103, issue.13, p.48867, 1982.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.103.1125

T. Zanon, S. Guerandel, E. De-clercq, D. Holleville, N. Dimarcq et al., High Contrast Ramsey Fringes with Coherent-Population-Trapping Pulses in a Double Lambda Atomic System, Physical Review Letters, vol.20, issue.19, pp.1079-711410, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4611

O. Kozlova, J. Danet, S. Guerandel, and E. De-clercq, Limitations of Long-Term Stability in a Coherent Population Trapping Cs Clock, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol.63, issue.7, pp.1863-1870, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/TIM.2014.2298672
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1311.1991

F. Esnault, E. Blanshan, E. N. Ivanov, R. E. Scholten, J. Kitching et al., Coldatom double-? coherent population trapping clock, Physical Review A, vol.88, issue.4, 2013.
DOI : 10.1103/physreva.88.042120

F. Esnault, D. Holleville, N. Rossetto, S. Guérandel, and N. Dimarcq, High-stability compact atomic clock based on isotropic laser cooling, Physical Review A, vol.82, issue.3, 2010.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2018567

F. Esnault, N. Rossetto, D. Holleville, J. Delporte, and N. Dimarcq, HORACE: A compact cold atom clock for Galileo, Advances in Space Research, vol.47, issue.5, pp.854-858, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.asr.2010.12.012

M. Hafiz, G. Coget, P. Yun, S. Guérandel, E. De-clercq et al., A highperformance Raman-Ramsey Cs vapor cell atomic clock, Journal of Applied Physics, 2017.

X. Liu, High Contrast Coherent Population Trapping Resonances in Cs Vapour Cells with A Simple-Architecture Laser System, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961415

X. Liu, J. Mérolla, S. Guérandel, C. Gorecki, E. De-clercq et al., Coherent-population-trapping resonances in buffer-gas-filled Cs-vapor cells with push-pull optical pumping, Physical Review A, vol.68, issue.1, 2013.
DOI : 10.1209/0295-5075/97/63004
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00931738

Y. Jau, E. Miron, A. B. Post, N. N. Kuzma, and W. Happer, Push-Pull Optical Pumping of Pure Superposition States, Physical Review Letters, vol.25, issue.16, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.110801

V. Maurice, Design, Microfabrication and Characterization of Alkali Vapor Cells for Miniature Atomic Frequency References, 2016.

E. Arimondo and E. Wolf, V Coherent Population Trapping in Laser Spectroscopy, Progress in Optics, vol.35, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6638(08)70531-6

V. Shah and J. Kitching, Advances in Coherent Population Trapping for Atomic Clocks, In Advances In Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, vol.59, pp.21-74, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S1049-250X(10)59002-5

J. Dalibard, S. Reynaud, and C. Cohen-tannoudji, La cascade radiative de l'atome habillé, Interaction of Radiation with Matter Honor of Adriano Gozzini, pp.29-48

J. Vanier, A. Godone, and F. Levi, Coherent population trapping in cesium: Dark lines and coherent microwave emission, Physical Review A, vol.5, issue.3, p.2345, 1998.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1754021

T. Zanon-willette, E. De-clercq, and E. Arimondo, Ultrahigh-resolution spectroscopy with atomic or molecular dark resonances: Exact steady-state line shapes and asymptotic profiles in the adiabatic pulsed regime, Physical Review A, vol.19, issue.6, 2011.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.6.002112
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1110.2221

O. Kozlova, Caractérisation d'une horloge à piégeage cohérent de population dans une vapeur thermique de césium. Principaux effets pouvant affecter la stabilité de fréquence à moyen-long terme, 2012.

R. H. Dicke, The Effect of Collisions upon the Doppler Width of Spectral Lines, Physical Review, vol.69, issue.2, pp.472-473, 1953.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.69.616

J. Vanier, Atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping: a review, Applied Physics B, vol.55, issue.4, pp.421-442, 2005.
DOI : 10.1139/p76-283

N. Beverini, P. Minguzzi, and F. Strumia, Foreign-Gas-Induced Cesium Hyperfine Relaxation, Physical Review A, vol.41, issue.2, p.550, 1971.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1726065

N. Beverini, P. Minguzzi, and F. Strumia, Foreign-Gas-Induced Cesium Hyperfine Relaxation, Physical Review A, vol.5, issue.2, pp.993-993, 1972.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.5.993

F. A. Franz and C. E. Sooriamoorthi, states of cesium measured by white-light optical pumping, Physical Review A, vol.25, issue.1, p.126, 1974.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.25.263

D. A. Steck, Cesium D line data. Theoretical Division, 2008.

J. Vanier, R. Kunski, N. Cyr, J. Y. Savard, and M. Têtu, On hyperfine frequency shifts caused by buffer gases: Application to the optically pumped passive rubidium frequency standard, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.9, issue.8, pp.5387-5391, 1982.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.9.1031

F. Strumia, N. Beverini, A. Moretti, and G. Rovera, Optimization of the Buffer Gas Mixture for Optically Pumped CS Frequency Standards, 30th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp.468-47210, 1976.
DOI : 10.1109/FREQ.1976.201353

N. Beverini, F. Strumia, and G. Rovera, Buffer gas pressure shift in the mF = 0 ??? mF = 0 ground state hyperfine line in Cs, Optics Communications, vol.37, issue.6, pp.394-396, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4018(81)90128-0

O. Kozlova, S. Guérandel, and E. De-clercq, , Ar, Physical Review A, vol.83, issue.6, 2011.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2743958

R. Boudot, D. Miletic, P. Dziuban, C. Affolderbach, P. Knapkiewicz et al., First-order cancellation of the Cs clock frequency temperature-dependence in Ne-Ar buffer gas mixture, Optics Express, vol.19, issue.4, pp.3106-3114, 2011.
DOI : 10.1364/OE.19.003106
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00670086

W. Happer, Optical Pumping, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.3, issue.2, pp.169-249, 1972.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.3.505

D. Miletic, Light-Shift and Temperature-Shift Studies in Atomic Clocks Based on Coherent Population Trapping, 2013.

W. Demtröder, Laser Spectroscopy Experimental Techniques, 2008.

M. Stähler, R. Wynands, S. Knappe, J. Kitching, L. Hollberg et al., Coherent population trapping resonances in thermal 85 Rb vapor: D 1 versus D 2 line excitation, Optics letters, issue.16, pp.271472-1474, 2002.

A. Kastler, Le bilan du moment cin??tique et les r??gles de polarisation en spectroscopie. Application ?? la diffusion de la lumi??re et ?? la fluorescence, Journal de Physique et le Radium, vol.7, issue.7, pp.406-4200193300407040600, 1933.
DOI : 10.1051/jphysrad:0193300407040600
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00233161/document

A. V. Taichenachev, V. I. Yudin, V. L. Velichansky, and S. A. Zibrov, On the unique possibility of significantly increasing the contrast of dark resonances on the D1 line of 87Rb, Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters, vol.80, issue.7, pp.398-403, 2005.
DOI : 10.1142/9789812777713_0021

K. Watabe, T. Ikegami, A. Takamizawa, S. Yanagimachi, S. Ohshima et al., High-contrast dark resonances with linearly polarized light on the D_1 line of alkali atoms with large nuclear spin, Applied Optics, vol.48, issue.6, pp.1098-1539, 2009.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.48.001098

Y. Jau, New Studies of Optical Pumping, Spin Resonances, and Spin Exchange in Mixtures of Inert Gases and Alkali-Metal Vapors, 2005.

T. Zanon, S. Tremine, S. Guerandel, E. Declercq, D. Holleville et al., Observation of Raman???Ramsey Fringes With Optical CPT Pulses, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol.54, issue.2, pp.776-77910, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/TIM.2004.843400

F. A. Camargo, J. Barrientos, G. Baili, L. Morvan, D. Dolfi et al., Coherent Dual-Frequency Emission of a Vertical External-Cavity Semiconductor Laser at the Cesium ${\rm D}_{2}$ Line, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol.24, issue.14, pp.1218-1220, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/LPT.2012.2199103

P. Dumont, F. Camargo, J. Danet, D. Holleville, S. Guerandel et al., Low-Noise Dual-Frequency Laser for Compact Cs Atomic Clocks, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol.32, issue.20, pp.3817-3823, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/JLT.2014.2318179
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01060557

P. Yun, F. Tricot, C. E. Calosso, S. Micalizio, B. François et al., High-Performance Coherent Population Trapping Clock with Polarization Modulation, Physical Review Applied, vol.7, issue.1
DOI : 10.1063/1.3158961
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01528935

Y. Yano and S. Goka, High-contrast coherent population trapping based on crossed polarizers method, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol.61, issue.12, pp.61-1953, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/TUFFC.2014.006623
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.5566.pdf

X. L. Sun, J. W. Zhang, P. Cheng, C. Xu, L. Zhao et al., Investigation of Ramsey spectroscopy in a lin-par-lin Ramsey coherent population trapping clock with dispersion detection, Optics Express, vol.24, issue.5, p.4532, 2016.
DOI : 10.1364/OE.24.004532

M. Rosenbluh, V. Shah, S. Knappe, and J. Kitching, Differentially detected coherent population trapping resonances excited by orthogonally polarized laser fields, Optics Express, vol.14, issue.15, pp.6588-6594, 2006.
DOI : 10.1364/OE.14.006588

V. I. Yudin, A. V. Taichenachev, D. I. Sevostianov, V. L. Velichansky, V. V. Vasiliev et al., Feedback spectroscopy of atomic resonances, Physical Review A, vol.87, issue.6, 2013.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.17.000934
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1301.7305

X. Liu and R. Boudot, A Distributed-Feedback Diode Laser Frequency Stabilized on Doppler-Free Cs $D_{1}$ Line, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol.61, issue.10, pp.612852-2855, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/TIM.2012.2196399
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00744542

G. , D. Domenico, S. Schilt, and P. Thomann, Simple approach to the relation between laser frequency noise and laser line shape, Applied optics, vol.49, issue.25, pp.4801-4807, 2010.

N. Bucalovic, V. Dolgovskiy, C. Schori, P. Thomann, G. D. Domenico et al., Experimental validation of a simple approximation to determine the linewidth of a laser from its frequency noise spectrum, Applied Optics, vol.51, issue.20, pp.514582-4588, 2012.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.51.004582

P. Technologies, LiNbO3 Intensity Modulators Bias Control and Modulation Driving. https://photonics.ixblue.com/files, 2014.

J. C. Camparo, Conversion of laser phase noise to amplitude noise in an optically thick vapor
DOI : 10.21236/ada376380
URL : http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA376380&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf

C. Cohen-tannoudji and D. Guéry-odelin, Advances in Atomic Physics: An Overview, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011.
DOI : 10.1142/6631
URL : https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9789812774989_fmatter

A. L. Schawlow, Spectroscopy in a new light, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.39, issue.3, p.697, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4018(81)90045-6

V. S. Letokhov, Saturation spectroscopy High-Resolution Laser Spectroscopy, number 13 in Topics in Applied Physics, pp.95-171, 1976.

D. Budker and M. Romalis, Optical magnetometry, Nature Physics, vol.185, issue.4, pp.227-234, 2007.
DOI : 10.1063/1.126327
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00975236

P. G. Pappas, M. M. Burns, D. D. Hinshelwood, M. S. Feld, and D. E. Murnick, Saturation spectroscopy with laser optical pumping in atomic barium, Physical Review A, vol.17, issue.6, p.1955, 1980.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.17.623

O. Schmidt, K. Knaak, R. Wynands, and D. Meschede, Cesium saturation spectroscopy revisited: How to reverse peaks and observe narrow resonances, Applied Physics B Lasers and Optics, vol.61, issue.2, pp.167-178, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01081167

J. J. Mcferran, An inverted crossover resonance aiding laser cooling of ^171Yb, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.33, issue.6, p.1278, 2016.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.33.001278

D. V. Brazhnikov, A. V. Taichenachev, and V. I. Yudin, Polarization method for controlling a sign of electromagnetically-induced transparency/absorption resonances, The European Physical Journal D, vol.65, issue.3, pp.315-325, 2011.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.043810

N. Beverini, K. Ernst, M. Inguscio, and F. Strumia, Optogalvanic nonlinear hanle effect by a single frequency laser: A quantitative analysis, Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry, vol.54, issue.1, pp.17-29, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-38814-2_39

D. Clercq and P. Mangin, Optical pumping of a caesium beam and population trapping, 1989.

D. V. Brazhnikov, A. V. Taichenachev, A. M. Tumaikin, V. I. Yudin, I. I. Ryabtsev et al., Effect of the polarization of counterpropagating light waves on nonlinear resonances of the electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption in the Hanle configuration, JETP Letters, vol.136, issue.12, pp.625-629, 1134.
DOI : 10.1134/S0021364010120039

V. S. Smirnov, A. M. Tumaikin, and V. I. Yudin, Stationary coherent states of atoms in a resonant interaction with elliptically polarized light. Coherent trapping of populations (general theory), Zh. Eksp. Teoret. Fiz, vol.69, p.913, 1989.

T. Lindvall and I. Tittonen, Effect of optical pumping on alkali-atom Doppler-limited spectra, Journal of Modern Optics, vol.54, issue.18, pp.2779-2793, 2007.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511813993

C. Audoin, V. Candelier, and N. Dimarcq, A limit to the frequency stability of passive frequency standards, Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, p.93, 1990.
DOI : 10.1109/CPEM.1990.109938

G. J. Dick, Local oscillator induced instabilities in trapped ion frequency standards, 1987.

G. Santarelli, C. Audoin, A. Makdissi, P. Laurent, G. J. Dick et al., Frequency stability degradation of an oscillator slaved to a periodically interrogated atomic resonator, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol.45, issue.4
DOI : 10.1109/58.710548

T. M. Fortier, M. S. Kirchner, F. Quinlan, J. Taylor, J. C. Bergquist et al., Generation of ultrastable microwaves via optical frequency division, Nature Photonics, vol.54, issue.7, pp.425-429, 2011.
DOI : 10.1109/TUFFC.2007.337
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1101.3616

A. Hati, C. W. Nelson, C. Barnes, D. Lirette, T. Fortier et al., State-of-the-art RF signal generation from optical frequency division, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol.60, issue.9, pp.1796-1803, 2013.
DOI : 10.1109/TUFFC.2013.2765

S. Grop, P. Bourgeois, R. Boudot, Y. Kersalé, E. Rubiola et al., 10???GHz cryocooled sapphire oscillator with extremely low phase noise, Electronics Letters, vol.46, issue.6, p.1, 2010.
DOI : 10.1049/el.2010.0263
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00465114

V. Giordano, S. Grop, B. Dubois, P. Bourgeois, Y. Kersalé et al., New-generation of cryogenic sapphire microwave oscillators for space, metrology, and scientific applications, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.83, issue.8, pp.85113-1089, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/TUFFC.2007.337
URL : http://doc.rero.ch/record/30631/files/Giordano_Vincent-New-generation_of_cryogenic_sapphire_20121116.pdf

D. Chambon, S. Bize, M. Lours, F. Narbonneau, H. Marion et al., Design and realization of a flywheel oscillator for advanced time and frequency metrology, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.76, issue.9, p.94704, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4619

G. D. Rovera, G. Santarelli, and A. Clairon, Frequency synthesis chain for the atomic fountain primary frequency standard, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol.43, issue.3, pp.354-358, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/58.489391

R. Boudot, S. Guerandel, and E. De-clercq, Simple-Design Low-Noise NLTL-Based Frequency Synthesizers for a CPT Cs Clock, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol.58, issue.10, pp.3659-3665, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/TIM.2009.2019306
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00416384

J. Lautier, M. Lours, and A. Landragin, A compact micro-wave synthesizer for transportable cold-atom interferometers, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.85, issue.6, p.63114, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/PROC.1966.4634
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.2911

E. Rubiola and V. Giordano, Correlation-based phase noise measurements, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.13, issue.8, p.3085, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/TIM.1964.4313417
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00277288

E. Rubiola and R. Boudot, The effect of AM noise on correlation phase-noise measurements, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol.54, issue.5, pp.926-932338, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/TUFFC.2007.338
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00344605

C. W. Nelson, A. Hati, and D. A. Howe, A collapse of the cross-spectral function in phase noise metrology, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.85, issue.2, p.24705, 2014.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.38.001712

R. Boudot and E. Rubiola, Figure 11, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol.59, issue.12, pp.2613-2624, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/TUFFC.2012.2502/mm4

T. E. Parker, Characteristics and Sources of Phase Noise in Stable Oscillators, 41st Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp.99-110, 1987.
DOI : 10.1109/FREQ.1987.201009

S. Brandt, A. Nagel, R. Wynands, and D. Meschede, Hz, Physical Review A, vol.37, issue.2, pp.1063-1066, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4018(81)90128-0
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00004593

A. Andalkar and R. B. Warrington, High-resolution measurement of the pressure broadening and shift of the Cs D1 and D2 lines by N 2 and He buffer gases, Physical Review A, vol.65, issue.3, 2002.

J. F. Kielkopf, Semiempirical potentials for alkali???noble gas interactions, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.7, issue.11, pp.614733-4739, 1974.
DOI : 10.1088/0022-3700/3/1/002

M. V. Romalis, E. Miron, and G. D. Cates, Pressure broadening of Rb D 1 and D 2 lines by 3 He, 4 He, N 2 , and Xe: Line cores and near wings, Physical Review A, issue.6, p.564569, 1997.

M. Weel and A. Kumarakrishnan, Laser-frequency stabilization using a lock-in amplifier, Canadian Journal of Physics, vol.60, issue.12, pp.1449-1458, 2002.
DOI : 10.1119/1.16955

. Analog, Low Noise, Precision Operational Amplifier. http://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets, 2016.

J. C. Camparo and W. F. Buell, Laser PM to AM conversion in atomic vapors and short term clock stability, Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International, pp.253-258, 1997.
DOI : 10.1109/freq.1997.638555

D. Miletic, C. Affolderbach, M. Hasegawa, R. Boudot, C. Gorecki et al., AC Stark-shift in CPT-based Cs miniature atomic clocks, Applied Physics B, vol.46, issue.1, pp.89-97, 2012.
DOI : 10.1049/el.2010.0891
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00734965

R. Boudot, P. Dziuban, M. Hasegawa, R. K. Chutani, S. Galliou et al., Coherent population trapping resonances in Cs???Ne vapor microcells for miniature clocks applications, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.18, issue.1, p.14912, 2011.
DOI : 10.1209/epl/i1999-00494-8
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00553841

M. Zhu and L. S. Cutler, Theoretical and experimental study of light shift in a CPT-based Rb vapor cell frequency standard, 2001.

V. Shah, V. Gerginov, P. D. Schwindt, S. Knappe, L. Hollberg et al., Continuous light-shift correction in modulated coherent population trapping clocks, Applied Physics Letters, vol.89, issue.15, p.151124, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4018(75)90313-2

J. Danet, Horloge atomique à piégeage cohérent de population du césium en cellule : limitations à la stabilité de fréquence, 2014.

X. Liu, J. Mérolla, S. Guérandel, E. De-clercq, and R. Boudot, Ramsey spectroscopy of high-contrast CPT resonances with push-pull optical pumping in Cs vapor, Optics Express, vol.21, issue.10, pp.12451-12459, 2013.
DOI : 10.1364/OE.21.012451
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00919658

N. Castagna, R. Boudot, S. Guerandel, E. Clercq, N. Dimarcq et al., Investigations on continuous and pulsed interrogation for a CPT atomic clock, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol.56, issue.2, pp.246-253, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/TUFFC.2009.1033

E. Blanshan, S. M. Rochester, E. A. Donley, and J. Kitching, Light shifts in a pulsed cold-atom coherent-population-trapping clock, Physical Review A, vol.91, issue.4, 2015.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.32.000388
URL : https://link.aps.org/accepted/10.1103/PhysRevA.91.041401

V. I. Yudin, A. V. Taichenachev, C. W. Oates, Z. W. Barber, N. D. Lemke et al., Hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy of optical clock transitions, Physical Review A, vol.82, issue.1, pp.1094-1622, 2010.
DOI : 10.1088/1464-4266/5/2/371
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/0910.5948

N. Huntemann, B. Lipphardt, M. Okhapkin, C. Tamm, E. Peik et al., Generalized Ramsey Excitation Scheme with Suppressed Light Shift, Physical Review Letters, vol.109, issue.21, 2012.
DOI : 10.1088/0026-1394/38/4/7
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.1992

R. Hobson, W. Bowden, S. A. King, P. E. Baird, I. R. Hill et al., Modified hyper-Ramsey methods for the elimination of probe shifts in optical clocks, Physical Review A, vol.93, issue.1, pp.2469-9934, 2016.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.19.001777

T. Zanon-willette, E. De-clercq, and E. Arimondo, Probe light-shift elimination in generalized hyper-Ramsey quantum clocks, Physical Review A, vol.93, issue.4, pp.2469-9934, 2016.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.23.000714
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.04847

V. I. Yudin, A. V. Taichenachev, M. Y. Basalaev, and T. Zanon-willette, Synthetic frequency protocol for Ramsey spectroscopy of clock transitions, Physical Review A, vol.94, issue.5, pp.2469-9934, 2016.
DOI : 10.1088/1464-4266/5/2/371
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.00331

N. F. Ramsey, A New Molecular Beam Resonance Method, Physical Review, vol.74, issue.7, p.996, 1949.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.74.1025

M. , A. Hafiz, and R. Boudot, A coherent population trapping Cs vapor cell atomic clock based on push-pull optical pumping, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.118, issue.12, p.124903, 2015.

M. Gharavipour, C. Affolderbach, S. Kang, T. Bandi, F. Gruet et al., High performance vapour-cell frequency standards, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol.723, issue.1, pp.120061742-6596, 2016.
DOI : 10.1088/1742-6596/723/1/012006
URL : http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/723/1/012006/pdf

E. Kuchina, E. E. Mikhailov, and I. Novikova, Effect of atomic diffusion on the Raman???Ramsey coherent population trapping resonances, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.33, issue.4, p.610, 2016.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.33.000610
URL : https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.33.000610

Y. Yano, W. Gao, S. Goka, and M. Kajita, Theoretical and experimental investigation of the light shift in Ramsey coherent population trapping, Physical Review A, vol.90, issue.1, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/58.827437

G. S. Pati, Z. Warren, N. Yu, and M. S. Shahriar, Computational studies of light shift in a Raman???Ramsey interference-based atomic clock, Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol.32, issue.3, p.388, 2015.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAB.32.000388

C. J. Bordé, Density Matrix Equations and Diagrams for High Resolution Non-Linear Laser Spectroscopy: Application to Ramsey Fringes in the Optical Domain, Advances in Laser Spectroscopy, pp.1-70, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4613-3715-7_1

E. Kroemer, M. Hafiz, V. Maurice, B. Fouilland, C. Gorecki et al., Cs vapor microcells with Ne-He buffer gas mixture for high operation-temperature miniature atomic clocks, Optics Express, vol.23, issue.14, p.18373, 2015.
DOI : 10.1364/OE.23.018373

R. Chutani, V. Maurice, N. Passilly, C. Gorecki, R. Boudot et al., Laser light routing in an elongated micromachined vapor cell with diffraction gratings for atomic clock applications, Scientific Reports, vol.21, issue.1, p.14001, 2015.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.21.001177
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01272071

E. Kroemer, Étude Du Déplacement Collisionnel de La Fréquence d'horloge Du Césium En Présence Du Gaz Tampon Hélium Ou Xénon. Applications Pour Microcellules à Haute Température, 2015.

I. K. Kominis, T. W. Kornack, J. C. Allred, and M. V. Romalis, A subfemtotesla multichannel atomic magnetometer, Nature, vol.16, issue.6932, pp.596-599, 2003.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.16.1877

B. Julsgaard, A. Kozhekin, and E. S. Polzik, Experimental long-lived entanglement of two macroscopic objects, Nature, vol.85, issue.6854, pp.413400-403, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1594
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0106057

H. Krauter, D. Salart, C. A. Muschik, J. M. Petersen, H. Shen et al., Deterministic quantum teleportation between distant atomic objects, Nature Physics, vol.54, issue.7, pp.400-404, 1038.
DOI : 10.1088/0953-4075/45/12/124007

D. Budker, D. F. Kimball, S. M. Rochester, and V. V. Yashchuk, Nonlinear Magneto-optics and Reduced Group Velocity of Light in Atomic Vapor with Slow Ground State Relaxation, Physical Review Letters, vol.48, issue.9, pp.1767-1770, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.48.738

Y. Xiao, M. Klein, M. Hohensee, L. Jiang, D. F. Phillips et al., Slow Light Beam Splitter, Physical Review Letters, vol.101, issue.4, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/physrevlett.101.043601

M. A. Bouchiat, J. Guena, L. Hunter, and L. Pottier, Observation of a parity violation in cesium, Physics Letters B, vol.117, issue.5, pp.358-3640370, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0370-2693(82)90736-5

A. Kuzmich, L. Mandel, and N. P. Bigelow, Generation of Spin Squeezing via Continuous Quantum Nondemolition Measurement, Physical Review Letters, vol.57, issue.8, pp.1594-1597, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.2520

N. F. Ramsey, Resonance Experiments in Successive Oscillatory Fields, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.28, issue.1, pp.57-58, 1957.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.81.1040

R. G. Brewer, Study of Atom???Wall Collisions by Optical Pumping, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.7, issue.12, pp.3015-3020, 1963.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-3697(62)90173-7

M. A. Bouchiat and J. Brossel, Relaxation of Optically Pumped Rb Atoms on Paraffin-Coated Walls, Physical Review, vol.37, issue.1, pp.41-54, 1966.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1733089

D. Budker, W. Gawlik, D. F. Kimball, S. M. Rochester, V. V. Yashchuk et al., Resonant nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atoms, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.26, issue.4, pp.1153-1201, 2002.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.26.001311
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0203077

H. G. Robinson and C. E. Johnson, Rb hyperfine???structure resonances in an evacuated wall???coated cell, Applied Physics Letters, vol.51, issue.9, pp.771-773, 1982.
DOI : 10.1063/1.328348

M. V. Balabas, K. Jensen, W. Wasilewski, H. Krauter, L. S. Madsen et al., High quality anti-relaxation coating material for alkali atom vapor cells, Optics Express, vol.18, issue.6, p.5825, 2010.
DOI : 10.1364/OE.18.005825

M. V. Balabas, T. Karaulanov, M. P. Ledbetter, and D. Budker, Polarized Alkali-Metal Vapor with Minute-Long Transverse Spin-Relaxation Time, Physical Review Letters, vol.3, issue.7, 2010.
DOI : 10.1238/Physica.Topical.105a00027
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1005.1617

E. P. Corsini, T. Karaulanov, M. Balabas, and D. Budker, Hyperfine frequency shift and Zeeman relaxation in alkali-metal-vapor cells with antirelaxation alkene coating, Physical Review A, vol.14, issue.2, pp.1094-1622, 2013.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.115.850
URL : https://link.aps.org/accepted/10.1103/PhysRevA.87.022901

D. Budker, L. Hollberg, D. F. Kimball, J. Kitching, S. Pustelny et al., Microwave transitions and nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in anti-relaxation-coated cells, Physical Review A, vol.29, issue.1, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.122.1204
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0408009

S. J. Seltzer, D. J. Michalak, M. H. Donaldson, M. V. Balabas, S. K. Barber et al., Investigation of antirelaxation coatings for alkali-metal vapor cells using surface science techniques, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.14, issue.14, pp.144703-1089, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/9783527615438
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00533596

J. A. Dziuban, Bonding in Microsystem Technology, 2007.

S. J. Seltzer and M. V. Romalis, High-temperature alkali vapor cells with antirelaxation surface coatings, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.106, issue.11, p.114905, 2009.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.116.87
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/0906.3054

S. J. Seltzer, P. J. Meares, and M. V. Romalis, Synchronous optical pumping of quantum revival beats for atomic magnetometry, Physical Review A, vol.15, issue.5, 1050.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.6.280
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0611014

S. J. Seltzer, D. M. Rampulla, S. Rivillon-amy, Y. J. Chabal, S. L. Bernasek et al., Testing the effect of surface coatings on alkali atom polarization lifetimes, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.104, issue.10, p.103116, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/ja0395792

Y. W. Yi, H. G. Robinson, S. Knappe, J. E. Maclennan, C. D. Jones et al., Method for characterizing self-assembled monolayers as antirelaxation wall coatings for alkali vapor cells, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.3, issue.2, p.23534, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.4693

J. C. Camparo, R. P. Frueholz, and B. Jaduszliwer, Alkali reactions with wall coating materials used in atomic resonance cells, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.30, issue.2, pp.676-681, 1987.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1725378

R. Straessle, M. Pellaton, C. Affolderbach, Y. Pétremand, D. Briand et al., Microfabricated alkali vapor cell with anti-relaxation wall coating, Applied Physics Letters, vol.105, issue.4, p.43502, 2014.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.030501
URL : http://doc.rero.ch/record/211121/files/Straessle-Microfabricated_alkali_vapor-20140822.pdf

M. Hasegawa, R. K. Chutani, C. Gorecki, R. Boudot, P. Dziuban et al., Microfabrication of cesium vapor cells with buffer gas for MEMS atomic clocks. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, pp.594-601, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.sna.2011.02.039
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00593464

J. Fedchak, P. Cabauy, W. Cummings, C. Jones, and R. Kowalczyk, Silane coatings for laserdriven polarized hydrogen sources and targets. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, pp.405-416, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/s0168-9002(97)00571-8

M. Stephens, R. Rhodes, and C. Wieman, Study of wall coatings for vapor???cell laser traps, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.3, issue.6, pp.3479-3488, 1994.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.42.1293

W. Franzen, Spin Relaxation of Optically Aligned Rubidium Vapor, Physical Review, vol.124, issue.4, pp.850-856, 1959.
DOI : 10.1086/146259

A. Javan, O. Kocharovskaya, H. Lee, and M. O. Scully, Narrowing of electromagnetically induced transparency resonance in a Doppler-broadened medium, Physical Review A, vol.144, issue.1, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0030-4018(97)00423-9
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0108003

M. Radonji?, D. Arsenovi?, Z. Gruji?, and B. M. Jelenkovi?, Coherent population trapping linewidths for open transitions: Cases of different transverse laser intensity distribution, Physical Review A, vol.79, issue.2
DOI : 10.1364/OE.15.001328

G. Kazakov, B. Matisov, A. Litvinov, and I. Mazets, Coherent population trapping in a finitesize buffer-less cell, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, vol.4040, issue.19, pp.3851-38600953, 2007.
DOI : 10.1088/0953-4075/40/19/006

J. B. Taylor and I. Langmuir, Vapor Pressure of Caesium by the Positive Ion Method, Physical Review, vol.54, issue.9, pp.753-760, 1937.
DOI : 10.1021/ja01346a022

H. M. Goldenberg, D. Kleppner, and N. F. Ramsey, Atomic Beam Resonance Experiments with Stored Beams, Physical Review, vol.5, issue.2, p.530, 1961.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.5.361

C. Rahman and H. Robinson, Rb O-O hyperfine transition in evacuated wall-coated cell at melting temperature, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol.23, issue.4, pp.452-454, 1987.
DOI : 10.1109/JQE.1987.1073365

E. Breschi, G. Kazakov, C. Schori, G. Di-domenico, G. Mileti et al., Light effects in the atomic-motion-induced Ramsey narrowing of dark resonances in wall-coated cells, Physical Review A, vol.30, issue.6, 2010.
DOI : 10.1109/TUFFC.2009.1209

M. Klein, M. Hohensee, D. F. Phillips, and R. L. Walsworth, Electromagnetically induced transparency in paraffin-coated vapor cells, Physical Review A, vol.60, issue.1, 2011.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.2272
URL : https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/26514371/2011_Klein_PRA.pdf?sequence=1

T. Bandi, C. Affolderbach, G. Mileti, C. E. Calosso, C. Stefanucci et al., Laser-pumped high-performance compact gas-cell Rb standard with 3 10 ?13 ? ?1/2 stability, European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF), 2012, pp.494-496, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/eftf.2012.6502431

T. Zanon-willette, V. I. Yudin, and A. V. Taichenachev, Generalized hyper-Ramsey resonance with separated oscillating fields, Physical Review A, vol.92, issue.2, 2015.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.120802
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01329756

T. Zanon-willette, M. Minissale, V. Yudin, and A. Taichenachev, Composite pulses in Hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy for the next generation of atomic clocks, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol.723, issue.1, pp.120571742-6596, 2016.
DOI : 10.1088/1742-6596/723/1/012057
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01346092

J. L. Hall, C. J. Bordé, and K. Uehara, Direct Optical Resolution of the Recoil Effect Using Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy, Physical Review Letters, vol.36, issue.20, p.1339, 1976.
DOI : 10.1143/JPSJ.36.542

S. N. Bagaev, A. K. Dmitriev, Y. V. Nekrasov, and B. N. Skvortsov, Optical spectroscopy free of quadratic Doppler effect, Soviet Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters, vol.50, p.194, 1989.

J. Ishikawa, F. Riehle, J. Helmcke, and C. J. Bordé, Strong-field effects in coherent saturation spectroscopy of atomic beams, Physical Review A, vol.31, issue.6, p.4794, 1994.
DOI : 10.1143/JJAP.31.908

V. V. Vasil-'ev, V. L. Velichanskii, S. A. Zibrov, A. V. Sivak, D. V. Brazhnikov et al., Dual structure of saturated absorption resonance at an open atomic transition, Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, vol.112, issue.5, pp.770-779, 1134.

M. Hafiz, D. Brazhnikov, G. Coget, A. Taichenachev, V. Yudin et al., High-contrast sub-Doppler absorption spikes in a hot atomic vapor cell exposed to a dual-frequency laser field, New Journal of Physics, vol.19, issue.7, p.73028, 2017.
DOI : 10.1088/1367-2630/aa7258
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01579408

C. Affolderbach, S. Knappe, R. Wynands, A. V. Ta?, and V. I. Yudin, Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption in a standing wave, Physical Review A, vol.56, issue.4, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.2385

S. V. Kargapoltsev, J. Kitching, L. Hollberg, A. V. Taichenachev, V. L. Velichansky et al., optical field, Laser Physics Letters, vol.1, issue.10, pp.495-499, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/lapl.200410107

D. V. Brazhnikov, A. M. Tuma?-ikin, V. I. Yudin, A. V. Ta?-ichenachev, I. I. Ryabtsev et al., Level-crossing resonance in the field of counterpropagating elliptically polarized light waves, Journal of Optical Technology, vol.77, issue.10, pp.606-607, 2010.
DOI : 10.1364/JOT.77.000606

D. Bloch, M. Ducloy, N. Senkov, V. Velichansky, and V. Yudin, Doppler-Free Spectroscopy of the D 1 Line of Potassium, LASER PHYSICS-LAWRENCE, vol.6, pp.670-678, 1996.

G. Kazakov, B. Matisov, I. Mazets, G. Mileti, and J. Delporte, Pseudoresonance mechanism of all-optical frequency-standard operation, Physical Review A, vol.72, issue.6, pp.1094-1622, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/58.827437
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0506167

S. A. Zibrov, Experimental Investigation of the Dark Pseudoresonance on the D1 Line of the [sup 87]Rb Atom Excited by a Linearly Polarized Field, JETP Letters, vol.80, issue.8, p.477, 2005.
DOI : 10.1134/1.2150865

A. V. Taichenachev, A. M. Tumaikin, and V. I. Yudin, Electromagnetically induced absorption in a four-state system Bibliography Publications in peer-reviewed journals, Physical Review A Journ. Appl. Phys, vol.61, issue.117, pp.11802-184901, 1999.
DOI : 10.1103/physreva.61.011802

@. E. Kroemer, M. Hafiz, V. Maurice, B. Fouilland, C. Gorecki et al., Cs vapor microcells with Ne-He buffer gas mixture for high operation-temperature miniature atomic clocks, Optics Express, vol.23, issue.14, pp.18373-18380, 2015.
DOI : 10.1364/OE.23.018373

@. R. Chutani, V. Maurice, N. Passilly, C. Gorecki, R. Boudot et al., Laser light routing in an elongated micromachined vapor cell with diffraction gratings for atomic clock applications, Scientific Reports, vol.21, issue.1, p.14001, 2015.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.21.001177
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01272071

@. B. Francois, C. E. Calosso, M. Hafiz, S. Micalizio, and R. , Simple-design ultra-low phase noise microwave frequency synthesizers for high-performing Cs and Rb vapor-cell atomic clocks, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.86, issue.9, p.94707, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243619

@. M. Hafiz and R. Boudot, A coherent population trapping Cs vapor cell atomic clock based on push-pull optical pumping, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.82, issue.8, p.124903, 2015.
DOI : 10.1063/1.4896043

@. M. Hafiz, G. Coget, E. De-clercq, and R. Boudot, Doppler-free spectroscopy on the Cs D_1 line with a dual-frequency laser, Optics Letters, vol.41, issue.13, pp.2982-2985, 2016.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.41.002982
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.09245

@. E. Kroemer, J. Rutkowski, V. Maurice, R. Vicarini, M. Hafiz et al., Characterization of commercially available vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers tuned on Cs D_1 line at 8946??????nm for miniature atomic clocks, Applied Optics, vol.55, issue.31, pp.8839-8847, 2016.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.55.008839

@. M. Hafiz, G. Coget, P. Yun, S. Guérandel, E. De-clercq et al., A high-performance Raman-Ramsey Cs vapor cell atomic clock, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.121, issue.10, p.104903, 2017.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.052505

@. M. Hafiz, D. Brazhnikov, G. Coget, A. Taichenachev, V. I. Yudin et al., High-contrast sub-Doppler absorption spikes in a hot atomic vapor cell exposed to a dual-frequency laser field, submitted to, New Journal of Physics, 2017.

@. M. International-conferences and R. Hafiz, Boudot Progress in the evaluation of a Cs cell CPT clock using pushpull optical pumping, Proceedings of the European Frequency Time Forum, pp.24-26, 2014.

@. M. Hafiz and R. , Boudot Preliminar results of a Cs vapor cell atomic clock using push-pull optical pumping, Proceedings of the European Frequency Time Forum International Frequency Control Symposium, pp.12-17, 2015.

@. M. Hafiz, V. Maurice, R. Chutani, C. Gorecki, E. De-clercq et al., Spectroscopy and hyperfine clock frequency shift measurements in Cs vapor cells coated with octadecyltrichlorosilanes (OTS), Proceedings of the European Frequency Time Forum International Frequency Control Symposium, pp.12-17, 2015.

@. M. Hafiz, X. Liu, S. Guérandel, E. De-clercq, and R. Boudot, A CPT-based Cs vapor cell atomic clock with a short-term fractional frequency stability of 3 10-13 tau-1, Proceedings Frequency Standards and Metrology, 2015.
DOI : 10.1088/1742-6596/723/1/012013
URL : http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/723/1/012013/pdf

@. P. Yun, S. Mejri, F. Tricot, M. Hafiz, R. Boudot et al., De Clercq and S. Guérandel Highstability double modulation CPT cesium compact clock, Proceedings Frequency Standards and Metrology, 2015.

@. Vincent-maurice, R. Chutani, N. Passilly, R. Boudot, S. Galliou et al., Emeric De Clercq and Christophe Gorecki A novel alkali vapor microcell architecture for miniature atomic clocks, Proceedings of the European Frequency Time Forum, pp.4-07, 2016.