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. Ensuite, on décrit les EPL cibles en définissant des motifs multiniveaux qui reposent sur des connaissances linguistiques expertes, sur l'intuition, sur l'observation empirique et

. Pour-le-filtrage, une multitude de méthodes est disponible, allant de simples seuils de nombres d'occurrences à des listes de mots interdits et des mesures d'association sophistiquées

. Enfin, les candidates filtrées sont soit directement injectées dans une application de TAL, soit validées manuellement avant l'application. Une autre utilisation pour les candidates validées est la création d'un modèle d'apprentissage automatique, qui peut être appliqué sur des nouveaux corpus afin d

À. Ce-jour, il n'y a pas de consensus sur une méthode optimale d'acquisition d'EPL

. Mccarthy, ou alors s'il faudrait chercher une combinaison de méthodes ou un sous-ensemble de verbes phrasaux à travers l'emploi d'un analyseur plus profond qui peut capturer les dépendances de longue distance sur des expressions syntaxiquement variables Potentiellement, l'information syntaxique peut fournir de nouveaux attributs au modèle de traduction. La détection de la compositionnalité des verbes phrasaux fondée sur les corpus, Il n'est donc pas possible de déterminer si il existe une méthode unique pour toutes les EPL 2003) pourrait aider à générer des traductions plus exactes. Nous voulons aussi étudier d'autres constructions polylexicales qui ont un impact sur les équivalences et asymétries entre les langues. Notre objectif à long terme est d'intégrer les EPL dans les systèmes de TA dans le but d'obtenir des traductions de haute qualité en combinant des informations statistiques et linguistiques, 2003.

?. Projet and C. , financé par l'allocation 707-11 de l'appel CAPES-COFECUB. 7 Son objectif principal est d'étudier des techniques automatiques et collaboratives dans le développement de ressources ontologiques et lexicales pour les applications multilingues. Nous voulons étudier l'apport d'un système de gestion collaborative de ressources lexicales dans le filtrage et la validation les EPL acquises automatiquement. Nous avons également des expériences en cours et certains résultats préliminaires publiés dans l'acquisition automatique d'un corpus comparable représentant un échantillon du langage utilisé dans les conférences scientifiques en français, portugais et anglais (Granada et al. 2012). Simultanément, nous testons la faisabilité d'une approche fondée sur le jeu lexical sérieux JeuxDeMots pour la construction d, des résultats de cette thèse est le projet CAMELEON Ces expériences constituent un environnement expérimental intéressant pour des recherches futures sur le rôle des EPL dans les ressources et applications créées dans ces trois langues

. Bien-sûr and . Ceci-n, ont posé la question si l'identification automatique d'EPL était un problème résolu, et la réponse que cet article apporta à l'époque fut négative. De même, des publications spécialisées plus récentes montrent des indices que cela est encore vrai aujourd'hui. Par exemple, les préfaces des derniers numéros de revue consacrés aux EPL (Villavicencio et al, nombreuses études linguistiques. Au début des années Rayson et al. 2010b) et des annales de l'atelier MWE (Kordoni et al. 2011a) listent plusieurs défis dans le traitement des EPL tels que le multilinguisme, la représentation dans les lexiques et l'évaluation fondée sur les applications, 2000.

. Attia, intégration des EPL automatiquement extraites dans des applications de TAL réelles. Néanmoins, étant donné la complexité du problème, ce traitement doit être continuellement amélioré, car il semble peu probable que, dans un avenir proche, on puisse proposer une solution définitive et unifiée pour le traitement des EPL dans les applications de TAL. Ainsi, à long terme, notre objectif peut être résumé comme étant d'améliorer et étendre le travail présenté ici. Car si, d'une part, nous avons effectué un premier pas important, d'autre part la route qui reste à parcourir est encore longue, Une des contributions principales de ce travail réside dans le fait qu'il représente une étape vers l, 2010.

?. English and . Piao, Bannard (2007) practically impossible to crawl and download all the ever-growing text of the web, but search engines can be used to estimate the counts of words in the web, We use Google and Yahoo! search APIs and the implementation of the mwetoolkit, 2002.

?. Treetagger, The TreeTagger is a free downloadable POS tagger available for several languages, and with a good performance for English It performs not only POS tagging but also sentence splitting, tokenisation and lemmatisation of the text. The TreeTagger is freely available at http://www.ims. uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/corplex/TreeTagger/. The tagset used by the TreeTagger in English is available, 1994.

?. Palavras, This deep syntactic parsing tool of Portuguese was used for the analysis of Portuguese text It supports tokenisation, sentence splitting, POS tagging, lemmatisation, dependency parsing annotation and shallow semantic annotation, most cases, only the first four features were used, 2000.

?. Rasp, The RASP parser is a free downloadable tool for the syntactic analysis of English text It provides not only POS tagging but also constituent and dependency trees, 2006.