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.. .. ,

, Le mécanisme de iltration et d'assimilation des suspensivores benthiques étudiés, Les espèces étudiées de consommateurs primaires benthiques

, Un système côtier tempéré particulier : la rade de Brest

I. Partie, Relations trophiques au cours d'un cycle saisonnier, p.27

I. Chapitre, Etude de la dynamique temporelle et de la distribution bathymétrique des producteurs primaires, en relation avec les paramètres environnementaux

.. .. Résultats, Dynamique des diatomées, lagellés, ciliés et débris de macroalgues, vol.50

.. .. Conclusion, , p.61

I. I. Chapitre, Relations trophiques entre les producteurs primaires et deux iltreurs benthiques (le pétoncle noir et la moule) : utilisation des isotopes stables

, Analyse isotopique de la matière organique particulaire en suspension, du bioilm, des muscles et glandes digestives des consommateurs, Comptage et identiication des algues contenues dans le bioilm

. .. Résultats and . .. Le-bioilm, 80 3.1. ? 13 C et ? 15 N dans les glandes digestives et les muscles des moules suivant un gradient bathymétrique et suivant l'exposition nord-sud, Variabilité des rapports isotopiques (? 13 C et ? 15 N) dans la MOPS et le bioilm 87 4.2. Rapports isotopiques des consommateurs primaires benthiques (Mimachlamys varia et Mytilus sp.)

I. I. Partie, Utilisation des structures calciiées pour retracer l'origine des sources de nourriture

I. Chapitre, Contribution relative des sources de carbone dans les carbonates de la coquille Saint-Jacques

I. V. Chapitre,

, Analyse de la couleur des coquilles d'ormeau

.. .. Résultats, Luminosité de la partie des coquilles correspondant au stade juvénile

, 148 4.2. Caractérisation du régime alimentaire des ormeaux dans différents milieux naturels

.. .. Matériel, Analyse isotopique (% 15 N, % 13 C, ? 15 N et ? 13 C)

.. .. Résultats, Isotopes stables dans les sources de producteurs primaires, l'eau et le sédiment des bacs, Enrichissement isotopique dans le contenu digestif des coquilles Saint-Jacques

.. .. Conclusion,

.. .. Conclusion,

.. .. Bibliographie,

.. .. Annexes,

.. .. Annexe-a-:-dbmem,

B. Annexe, light grey: T15 treatment, grey: T21 treatment, crosses: centre of each scatter plot on graph A, comparaison des modèles de correction des ? 13 C des glandes digestives, 2011.

, ) period when microphytobenthos bloomed and phytoplankton were present, from March to the end of April, (3) period during which phytoplankton bloomed and microphytobenthos were still productive, from May to the end of May and (4) period when only phytoplankton were present, from June to mid-October. (a) Chlorophyll a data (microphytobenthos and phytoplankton) sampled at Lanvéoc in, Field scallop data compiled in order to estimate percentage of organic carbon integrated into the shell over four periods of the year, 2011.

, at Lanvéoc, sea surface temperature (dashed grey line) measured at Sainte-Anne du Portzic (see Fig. 1), data provided by Marel buoy (IUEM-IFREMER/UBO/INSU-CNRS, agreement n° 11/2-210922) and C M (black line, average ± S.D.) estimated by Eq. (2) using ? 13 C muscle as a proxy for ? 13 C R . (c) Surface water ? 13 C DIC and ? 13 C shell of great scallops (age class I; average ± S.D.) sampled in 2011 at Lanvéoc (from Fig. 4) for each of the four periods. (d) ? 13 C muscle (annual average ± S.D.) of age class III great scallop sampled at Roscanvel (Bay of Brest) in 2000 (data from Lorrain, Daily growth rate for class I great scallop shells (grey line, average ± conidence interval at 5%, n = 22 individuals) sampled October 24 th, vol.120, 2002.

. Guilloux, lagellés et ciliés) par microscopie optique inversée dans les échantillons d'eau de mer prélevés à Lanvéoc et leur pourcentage d'abondance totale sur l'ensemble des échantillons, Le type des diatomées (benthique/tychopélagique ou pélagique) a été établi d'après Ricard, 1987.

, Résultats de la sélection pas à pas avec la méthode du critère AIC des paramètres environnementaux sur des régressions linéaires multiples (scores des échantillons sur chacun des axes signiicatifs de la RDA en fonction des paramètres environnementaux). * : paramètres environnementaux sélectionnés (p < 0,05), ns : paramètres environnementaux non sélectionnés, Tableau, vol.2

, 1 cm, 3 cm, 6 cm, 10 cm et 5 m au-dessus du sédiment). Les probabilités associées sont entre parenthèses ainsi que le nombre de valeurs prises en compte. Les coeicients en gras sont signiicatifs, Coeicients de corrélation de Spearman (r) entre le ? 13 C MOPS et le ? 15 N MOPS , entre le ? 13 C MOPS et le rapport C/N et entre le ? 15 N MOPS et le rapport C/N pour les six profondeurs échantillonnées, vol.3

. Guilloux, de détritus m -2 ) des algues (diatomées, lagellés et ciliés, détritus de macroalgues) présentes sur les plaques ixées à diférentes hauteurs et à diférentes expositions sur un pilier à Lanvéoc : fond nord, fond sud, milieu nord, milieu sud, surface sud. Les données entre parenthèses indiquent le pourcentage d'abondance des algues pour chaque niveau et exposition, Le type de diatomées (benthique/ tychopélagique et pélagique) a été établi d'après Ricard, vol.4, 1987.

). .. Kasim, , 2006.

, Comparaison des ? 13 C et ? 15 N des glandes digestives et des muscles des pétoncles noirs M. varia et des moules Mytilus sp. F : statistique du test de l'ANOVA. K : statistique du test de Kruskal-Wallis. t : statistique du test de Student. We : statistique du test de Welch. Wi : statistique du test de Wilcoxon. ddl : le nombre de degré de libertés. p : probabilité que la diférence observée soit due au hasard, vol.5

, Moyenne (± écart type) du ? 13 C et ? 15 N dans les muscles et les glandes digestives des moules Mytilus sp. prélevées le 4 avril 2013 à diférentes profondeurs et expositions sur un pilier à Lanvéoc, vol.6

. Modèle-de-post, , 2007.

. Après-calcul, . Les-modèles-de-mcconnaughey, ;. Mcroy, and . De-post, indiquent un pourcentage de lipides dans la glande digestive des pétoncles noirs en moyenne (± écart type) de 46,1 ± 12,4 % et de 35,7 ± 18,1 %, respectivement (Fig. IV), vol.22, 1979.

%. Hawkins, , 1985.

. Martínez-pita, Les pourcentages des lipides obtenus avec les trois modèles sont dans cette gamme de valeur (Fig. IV). Cependant, les valeurs sont les plus basses avec le modèle de Richard, 2005.

. Au-vu-de-ces-résultats and R. Décidé-d&apos;utiliser-le-modèle-de, corriger les valeurs de d 13 C des glandes digestives des pétoncles noirs et des moules. L'équation utilisée est la suivante : ? 13 C corrigé = ? 13 C, 2005.

, La diférence entre le ? 13 C corrigé et le ? 13 C mesuré pour la glande digestive des pétoncles noirs est en moyenne de 1,2 ± 0,5 ?, et elle est de 0,3 ± 0,1 ? pour la glande digestive des moules. Fig. IV : Pourcentages de lipides dans les glandes digestives des pétoncles noirs (A) et des moules (B) calculés par les diférents modèles

A. Hawkins, P. Salkeld, B. Bayne, E. Gnaiger, and D. Lowe, Feeding and resource allocation in the mussel Mytilus edulis: Evidence for time-averaged optimization, Marine ecology progress series Oldendorf, vol.20, issue.3, pp.273-287, 1985.

I. Martínez-pita, C. Sánchez-lazo, I. Ruíz-jarabo, M. Herrera, and J. M. Mancera, Biochemical composition, lipid classes, fatty acids and sexual hormones in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from cultivated populations in south Spain, Aquaculture, vol.358, pp.274-283, 2012.

T. Mcconnaughey and C. Mcroy, Food-web structure and the fractionation of carbon isotopes in the Bering Sea, Marine Biology, vol.53, issue.3, pp.257-262, 1979.

D. M. Post, C. A. Layman, D. A. Arrington, G. Takimoto, J. Quattrochi et al., Getting to the fat of the matter: models, methods and assumptions for dealing with lipids in stable isotope analyses, Oecologia, vol.152, issue.1, pp.179-189, 2007.

J. Richard, Crepidula fornicata: un modèle biologique pour l'étude du rôle de la variabilité des caractères phénotypiques (reproduction, croissance et nutrition) sur les processus de colonisation en milieu marin, 2005.