*. *. La-troisième, =. Character, and . Three, Name267) est la méthode proposée dans ce travail en utilisant les noms des couleurs. Nous avons utilisé en réalité 2 comparaisons

*. *. |-locative and =. Montreal, on a fishing trip in the untamed forests of Montreal ", | forests " on a fishing trip in the untamed forests of Montreal ", |-Temporal = fishing " on a fishing trip in the untamed forests of Montreal, the untamed forests of Montreal ", ANNEXE E. ANNEXE CHAPITRE FUSION E.1

. Eckha-e, 3 La partition oue F Humour de l'univers de discours de l'intensité thématique I Humour est déterminée par les fonctions d'appartenance oues : µ T F (I Humour

?. Humour and ?. , µ F (I Humour ) = 1, ?I Humour ? [2.5, 5], µ M (I Humour ) = 1, ?I Humour ? [6, 9], µ H (I Humour ) = 1, ?I Humour ? [14, 40] et µ T H (I Humour ) = 1, ?I Humour ?

. La-partition-oue-f-f-oncee-de-l-'univers-de-discours, est déterminée par l'ensemble des fonctions d'appartenance aux quatre symboles : µ F , µ M , µ H et µ T H qui constituent le partitionnement de l'univers de discours R F oncee noté L F oncee (R F oncee )

. Eckha-e, 5 La partition oue F F oncee de l'univers de discours du ration de couleurs foncées R F oncee est déterminée par les fonctions d'appartenance oues : µ F (R F oncee ) = 1, ?R F oncee ? [0, 35], µ M (R F oncee ) = 1, ?R F oncee ? [40, 60], µ H (R F oncee ) = 1, ?R F oncee ? [65, 75] et µ T H (R F oncee ) = 1, ?R F oncee ?

R. La-partition-oue-f-chaude-de-l-'univers-de-discours and . Chaude, est déterminée par l'ensemble des fonctions d'appartenance aux trois symboles : µ F , µ M et µ H qui constituent le partitionnement de l'univers de discours R Chaude noté L Chaude (R Chaude ), et est illustrée par la gure E.6. La fusion de ces informations symboliques est obtenue par le principe de combinaison/projection utilisant des règles oues (voir la gure E.7). La variable linguistique de sortie Froideur est représentée par trois symboles Faible

. Eckha-e, 7 Règles de combinaison entre le ratio de couleurs foncées et le ration de couleurs chaudes pour obtenir la mesure de la Froideur représentée par 3 symboles Faible

. Le-concept-de-lm, Monotone est déni à partir des deux sources d'informations que sont le ratio de couleurs foncées et la mesure de l'activité globale dans la séquence d'images. La partition oue F F oncee a été vue juste avant

E. La-partition-oue-f-activite-de, . Annexe, . Fusion, and . Eckha-e, Activite, est déterminée par l'ensemble des fonctions d'appartenance aux trois symboles : µ F , µ M et µ H qui constituent le partitionnement de l'univers de discours Activite noté L Activite (Activite)8 La partition oue F Activite de l'univers de discours de la mesure d'activité globale Activite est déterminée par les fonctions d'appartenance oues : µ F (Activite) = 1, ?Activite ? [0, 6], µ M (Activite) = 1, ?Activite ?

. Eckha-e, 9 Règles de combinaison entre le ratio de couleurs foncées et la mesure d'activité globale pour obtenir le concept de lm Monotone représenté par 3 symboles Faible

R. Lagagnière, R. Bacco, A. Hocevar, P. Lambert, G. Païs et al., Video Summarization from Spatio-Telporal Features, TRECVID BBC Rushes Summarization Workshop, ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp.144-148, 2008.

G. Païs, F. Deloule, D. Beauchene, and P. Lambert, Conférences Analyse Texte et Image pour la caractérisation de l'activité dans les Films d'Animation, 27ème congrès INFORSID, CD-ROM, vol.16, 2009.

G. Païs, F. Deloule, D. Beauchene, and P. Lambert, Caractérisation de lms d'animation pas analyse conjointe texte et image, 9ème journées francophones Extraction et Gestion de Connaissances (EGC-ECOI), pp.43-49, 2009.

. D. Autres-conférences-5, G. Beauchene, and . Païs, Analyse conjointe texte/image pour la caractérisation de lms d'animation, Journée scientique LIMA (Loisirs et Images), 2009.

. Bibliographie and . Abbod, Survey of utilisation of fuzzy technology in medicine and healthcare. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, pp.331349-117, 2001.

. Aigrain, Content-based representation and retrieval of visual media : A state-of-the-art review, Multimedia tools and applications, pp.179202-179215, 1996.

A. , P. Anderson, J. Et-pérez-carballo, and J. , The nature of indexing : how humans and machines analyze messages and texts for retrieval. Part I : Research, and the nature of human indexing, Information Processing and Management, vol.37, issue.2, pp.231254-231259, 2001.

. Arman, Image processing on compressed data for large video databases, Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Multimedia , MULTIMEDIA '93, pp.267272-267285, 1993.
DOI : 10.1145/166266.166297

S. Aubin, Grammaire de constituants ou grammaire de dépendance ? quel type d'analyseur choisir pour un système d'extraction d'information ? Mémoire de D, Institut National de Langues et Civilisations Orientales. Citée à la page 95, 2002.

. Avilés-cruz, High-order statistical texture analysis??????font recognition applied, Pattern Recognition Letters, vol.26, issue.2, pp.135145-135152, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.patrec.2004.09.038

V. A. Barra, Fusion d'images 3D du cerveau -Etude de modèles et applications Methods for multisensor classication of airborne targets integrating evidence theory, Aerospace Science and Technology, vol.2, issue.6, pp.401411-117, 1998.

D. Beauchêne-et-deloule-]-beauchêne and F. Et-deloule, Une expérience de construction d'ontologie, Journées Francophones sur les Ontologies (JFO), pp.27-132, 2009.

. Benzécri, . Benzécri, J. Benzécri, and F. Et-benzécri, Pratique de l'analyse des données, 1980.

K. Berlin, B. Berlin, and P. Kay, Basic Color Terms : Their Universality and Evolution, p.51, 1969.

. Bertini, Automatic detection of player's identity in soccer videos using faces and text cues, Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia , MULTIMEDIA '06, p.663666, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1180639.1180778

. Besada, Aircraft identication integrated into an airport surface surveillance video system Principles of color, Machine Vision and Applications):164171. Citée à la page 117. [Birren, 1969.

J. Boggs, The art of watching lms, p.12, 1996.

B. Bouchon-meunier-]-bouchon-meunier, La logique oue. Presses universitaires de France, pp.127-129, 1993.

D. Bouillot, Pages web de d.bouillot, 2008.

. Bouthemy, A unied approach to shot change detection and camera motion characterization, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol.9, issue.7, pp.10301044-10301053, 1999.

C. Bremond, Logique du récit, Éditions du Seuil, 1973.

. Brunelli, A Survey on the Automatic Indexing of Video Data,, Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol.10, issue.2, pp.78112-78125, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/jvci.1997.0404

É. Brunet, Une mesure de la distance intertextuelle : la connexion lexicale, Revue Informatique et Statistique dans les Sciences humaines (Le nombre et le texte, pp.14-73, 1988.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01469989

E. Brunet, Qui lemmatise dilemme attise, Lexicometrica, vol.2, pp.119-72, 2000.

E. Brunet, Navigation dans les rafales Disponible sur, 2006.

. Brunet, Peut-on mesurer la distance entre deux textes ? Citée à la, p.73, 2004.

. Buehler, Learning sign language by watching TV (using weakly aligned subtitles) Citée à la page 15 An interactive fuzzy fusion system applied to change detection inSAR images Citée à la page 117 An ecient, streamable text format for multimedia captions and subtitles, IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Fuzzy Systems Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Conference on DocEng '07 : Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Document engineering, p.101110, 2002.

. Caicedo, Content-based medical image retrieval using low-level visual features and modality identication, Lecture Notes In Computer Science, pp.615622-149, 2008.

. Calinski, . Harabasz, R. Calinski, and J. Et-harabasz, A dendrite method for cluster analysis, In Commun. Statistics, vol.3, pp.127-62, 1974.

M. Carré and P. Et-philippe, Indexation Audio : un état de l'art, Annals of Telecommunications, vol.55, issue.9, pp.507525-507538, 2000.

. Choi, . Baraniuk, H. Choi, and R. Et-baraniuk, Multiscale image segmentation using wavelet-domain hidden Markovmodels, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol.10, issue.9, pp.13091321-13091328, 2001.

C. Et-troccaz-]-cinquin, P. Et-troccaz, and J. , La chirurgie augmentée à Grenoble. La Revue pour l'histoire du CNRS, N 24-Automne, p.117, 2009.

. Citia, Animaquid, 2009.

. Citia, Citia, city of moving images, 2009.

. Citia, J. Corridoni, D. Bimbo, and A. , Citia recherche. http ://labo.citia.info/. Citée à la page 22 Film semantic analysis, Proceedings of Computer Architectures for Machine Perception, p.202209, 1995.

. Cotsaces, Video shot detection and condensed representation. a review, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol.23, issue.2, p.2837, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/MSP.2006.1621446

. Cristani, Audio-Visual Event Recognition in Surveillance Video Sequences, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol.9, issue.2, p.257, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/TMM.2006.886263

H. Cunningham, Information extraction, automatic. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, pp.665677-92, 2005.

. Datta, Image retrieval, ACM Computing Surveys, vol.40, issue.2, pp.160-167, 2008.
DOI : 10.1145/1348246.1348248

. Davenport, Cinematic principles for multimedia, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, vol.11, issue.4, pp.6774-6784, 1991.

A. Del-bimbo, Visual information retrieval, p.16, 1999.

A. Dempster, A Generalization of Bayesian Inference, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), vol.30, issue.2, pp.205247-124, 1968.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-44792-4_4

M. Desmarais, C. Desmarais, and J. Et-moscarola, Analyse de contenu et analyse lexicale, le cas d'une étude en management public, Actes du colloque" L'analyse de données textuelles : De l'enquête aux corpus littéraires. Citée à la, p.75, 2004.

. Duan, Nonparametric motion model with applications to camera motion pattern classication, MULTIMEDIA '04 : Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, pp.328331-328340, 2004.

P. Dubois, D. Dubois, and H. Et-prade, Possibility theory : an approach to computerized processing of uncertainty, p.126, 1988.

P. Dubois, D. Dubois, and H. Et-prade, On the use of aggregation operations in information fusion processes. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, pp.143161-118, 2004.

. Ennaji, From data topology to a modular classier, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, vol.6, issue.1, pp.19-62, 2003.

S. Essid, Classiscation automatique des signaux audio-fréquences : reconnaissance des instruments de musique, Thèse de doctorat, pp.8-13, 2005.

J. Estoup, Gammes sténographiques, p.71, 1916.

. Faudemay, Indexing and retrieval of multimedia objects at dierent levels of granularity, Proceedings of SPIE, pp.112-117, 1998.

F. Et-roubens-]-fodor, J. Et-roubens, and M. , Fuzzy preference modelling and multicriteria decision support, p.128, 1994.

J. Foote, An overview of audio information retrieval, Multimedia Systems, vol.7, issue.1, pp.210-218, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s005300050106

F. Foucault, M. Foucault, and A. Francois, General Policy Speech of Prime Ministers and Fiscal Choices in France : Preach Water and Drink Wine ! . Do They Walk Like They Talk ? : Speech and Action in Policy Processes, pp.131-74, 2009.

G. Fung, The disputed federalist papers, Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Diversity in computing , TAPIA '03, pp.4246-74, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/948542.948551

. Gimel-'farb, . Jain, G. Gimel-'farb, A. Et-jain, and . Goodman, On retrieving textured images from an image database Citée à la page 7 Mathematics of data fusion, Pattern Recognition, vol.29, issue.9, p.14611483, 1996.

. Grabisch, . Perny, M. Grabisch, and P. Et-perny, Agrégation multicritère. Utilisation de la logique oue, pp.127-128, 2001.

A. Greimas and R. Grishman, Sémantique structurale. Inst. for Litt Citée à la page 91 Message understanding conference-6 : A brief history, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp.466471-93, 1966.
DOI : 10.3917/puf.grei.2002.01

F. Guérin-pac-]-guérin-pac, La statistique textuelle. Un outil exploratoire en sciences sociales, Population, vol.52, issue.4, pp.865887-75, 1997.

C. Haddad, H. Haddad, and J. Et-chevallet, Utilisation des syntagmes nominaux pour la recherche d'information, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00954129

. Journées-francophones-d, Extraction et de Gestion des Connaissances, Atelier "Fouilles de données et recherche d'informations dans des bases de données multi-média semistructurées, p.95

. Hakenberg, Molecular event extraction from link grammar parse trees, Proceedings of the Workshop on BioNLP Shared Task, BioNLP '09, p.8694, 2009.
DOI : 10.3115/1572340.1572353

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.164.4582

. Hanna, A robust retrieval system of polyphonic music based on chord progression similarity, Proceedings of the 32nd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, SIGIR '09, p.768769, 2009.
DOI : 10.1145/1571941.1572119

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00391100

. Hauptmann, Multi-modal information retrieval from broadcast video using OCR and speech recognition, Proceedings of the second ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries , JCDL '02, p.160161, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/544220.544252

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.68.2251

. Herrera-boyer, Automatic classication of musical instrument sounds, Journal of New Music Research, vol.32, issue.1, pp.321-336, 2003.

B. Ionescu, Caractérisation Symbolique de Séquences d'images : Application aux Films d'Animation, Thèse de doctorat, pp.24-41, 2007.

. Ionescu, Analysis and characterization of animation movies. ORASIS journées francophones des jeunes chercheurs en vision par ordinateur, CD-Rom, pp.34-38, 2005.

J. Itten, The art of color : the subjective experience and objective rationale of color, pp.23-40, 1974.

J. Et-divakaran-]-jeannin, S. Et-divakaran, and A. , MPEG-7 visual motion descriptors, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol.11, issue.6, pp.720-724, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/76.927428

S. Jullien, Systèmes coopératifs de fusion explicitant les dépendances entre les informations : application à l'interprétation d'images tomographiques 3D et à la sélection de lms d'animation, Thèse de doctorat, p.119, 2008.

T. Kakkonen, Robustness evaluation of two ccg, a pcfg and a link grammar parsers. CoRR, abs/0801, p.96, 2008.

K. , J. Kelly, K. Judd, and D. , The iscc-nbs color names dictionary and the universal color language (the iscc-nbs method of designating colors and a dictionary for color names) Circular 553, p.51, 1955.

K. Et-carrato-]-koprinska, I. Et-carrato, and S. , Temporal video segmentation : A survey. Signal processing : Image communication, pp.477500-477510, 2001.

B. Korn, Autonomous Sensor-based Landing Systems : Fusion of Vague and Incomplete Information by Application of Fuzzy Clustering Techniques. In From data and information analysis to knowledge engineering : proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft f "ur Klassikation eV, p.454, 2005.

K. Et-lapalme-]-kosseim, L. Et-lapalme, and G. , Exibum : Un systeme experimental d'extraction d'information bilingue, Rencontre Internationale sur l'extraction le ltrage et le résumé automatique (RIFRA-98), pp.129140-92, 1998.

. Krzanowski, . Lai, W. J. Krzanowski, and Y. T. Lai, A Criterion for Determining the Number of Groups in a Data Set Using Sum-of-Squares Clustering, Biometrics, pp.2334-62, 1985.
DOI : 10.2307/2531893

W. Kuncheva, L. Kuncheva, and C. Et-whitaker, Measures of diversity in classier ensembles and their relationship with the ensemble accuracy, Machine Learning, pp.181207-121, 2003.

C. Labbé and D. Et-labbé, Inter-Textual Distance and Authorship Attribution. Corneille and Molière, pp.73-74, 2001.

L. Et-monière-]-labbé, D. Et-monière, and D. , Je est-il un autre ?, Actes JADT, pp.647656-74, 2008.

. Lafon, P. Muller-]-lafon, and C. Et-muller, Dépouillements et statistiques en lexicométrie Travaux de linguistique quantitative, p.76, 1984.

. Lamalle, C. Salem-]-lamalle, and A. Salem, Types généralisés et topographie textuelle dans l'analyse quantitative des corpus textuels, pp.403411-76, 2002.

I. Laptev, On space-time interest points, International Journal of Computer Vision, vol.64, issue.2, pp.107123-107133, 2005.

D. Larlus, création et utilisation de vocabulaires visuels pour la catégorisation d'images et la segmentation de classes d'objets, Thèse de doctorat, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble -INPG. Citée à la page 7, 2008.

. Lavee, Understanding Video Events: A Survey of Methods for Automatic Interpretation of Semantic Occurrences in Video, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), vol.39, issue.5, pp.489504-489519, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/TSMCC.2009.2023380

. Lazebnik, Beyond Bags of Features: Spatial Pyramid Matching for Recognizing Natural Scene Categories, 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Volume 2 (CVPR'06), 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/CVPR.2006.68

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00548585

. Lebart, . Salem, L. Lebart, and A. Salem, Statistique textuelle. Paris : Dunod,| c1994, p.71, 1994.

L. Et-narayanan-]-lee, C. Et-narayanan, and S. , Toward detecting emotions in spoken dialogs, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol.13, issue.2, pp.293303-293318, 2005.

. Lefevre, Informations et combinaison : les liaisons conictuelles, Revue Traitement du Signal, vol.18, issue.3, pp.161177-125, 2001.

. Leonardi, Semantic indexing of sports program sequences by audio-visual analysis, Proceedings 2003 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.03CH37429), 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/ICIP.2003.1246885

. Li, Detection, classication and tracking of targets in distributed sensor networks, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol.19, issue.2, pp.1729-117, 2002.

L. Et-wernicke-]-lienhart, R. Et-wernicke, and A. , Localizing and segmenting text in images and videos, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, pp.256268-256286, 2002.

. Liu, A new kview algorithm for texture image classication using rotation-invariant feature, SAC '09 : Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing, pp.914921-914928, 2009.

. Liu, A survey of content-based image retrieval with high-level semantics, Pattern Recognition, vol.40, issue.1, pp.262-282, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.patcog.2006.04.045

. Longrée, Temps verbaux, axe syntagmatique, topologie textuelle : analyse d'un corpus lemmatisé, 2004.

G. Lu, Indexing and retrieval of audio : a survey, Multimedia Tools and Applications, pp.269290-269297, 2001.

. Lu, Content analysis for audio classication and segmentation, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, p.10504516, 2002.

L. Et-suganthan, T. Lu, and P. N. Et-suganthan, An accumulation algorithm for video shot boundary detection, Multimedia Tools Appl, vol.22, issue.45, pp.89106-89119, 2004.

. Madhyastha, Event information extraction using link grammar, Proceedings. Seventeenth Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/RIDE.2003.1249841

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.103.9757

. Manguin, Le dictionnaire électronique des synonymes du crisco : un mode d'emploi à trois niveaux. Les Cahiers du CRISCO, 17. Citée à la page 106 Analyse lexicométrique d'un genre : la déclaration de politique générale, proceedings of 9th International Conference on Textual Data statistical Analysis, pp.777785-75, 2004.

. Marchand, P. Monnoyer-smith-]-marchand, and L. Et-monnoyer-smith, Les discours de politique générale français : la n des clivages idéologiques ? Mots, pp.13-30, 2000.

. Marszalek, Actions in context. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE Computer Society Conference on, pp.29292936-151, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00548645

. Mauris, The aggregation of complementary information via fuzzy sensors, Measurement, vol.17, issue.4, pp.235249-139, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0263-2241(96)00017-6

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00428676

F. Maussang, Traitement d'images et fusion de données pour la détection d'objets enfouis en acoustique sous-marine, Thèse de doctorat, p.126, 2005.

. Maussang, Fusion of Local Statistical Parameters for Buried Underwater Mine Detection in Sonar Imaging, EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol.1, issue.11, pp.19-117, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2006.876708

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00276968

D. Mayaffre, D. Mcdaniel, G. Menegaz, A. L. Troter, J. Sequeira et al., L'analyse des données textuelles aujourd'hui : du corpus comme une urne au corpus comme un plan Retour sur les travaux actuels de topographie/topologie textuelle. Lexicométrica, 7. Citée à la page 76 An Information Fusion Framework for Data Integration A discrete model for color naming, Proceedings of the 13th Software Technology Conference. Citée à la page 121. [Menegaz et al, p.113113, 2001.

G. Miller, WordNet : a lexical database for English, Communications of the ACM, vol.38, issue.11, pp.3941-100, 1995.

C. Milligan, G. Milligan, and M. Cooper, An examination of procedures for determining the number of clusters in a data set, Psychometrika, vol.77, issue.2, p.50159179, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02294245

A. Mojsilovic and . Mokhtarian, A computational model for color naming and describing color composition of images Citée aux pages 52 and 179 Ecient and robust retrieval by shape content through curvature scale space. Image Databases and Intrinsic versus extrinsic evaluations of parsing systems, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol.14, issue.5, p.690699, 1997.

W. Mosteller, F. Mosteller, and D. Et-wallace, Applied Bayesian and classical inference : the case of the Federalist papers, p.74, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4612-5256-6

G. Mourad, La segmentation de textes par l'étude de la ponctuation, CIDE.99 Conférence Internationale sur le Document Electronique, p.155171, 1999.

C. Muller, Étude de statistique lexicale : le vocabulaire du théâtre de Pierre Corneille, Larousse. Citée à la, p.73, 1967.

I. Muslea, Extraction patterns for information extraction tasks : A survey, The AAAI-99 Workshop on Machine Learning for Information Extraction. Citée à la page 92, 1999.

. Naphide, H. Huang-]-naphide, and T. Et-huang, A probabilistic framework for semantic video indexing, ltering, and retrieval, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol.3, issue.1, pp.141151-141170, 2001.

N. Orio, Music Retrieval: A Tutorial and Review, Foundations and Trends?? in Information Retrieval, vol.1, issue.1, 2006.
DOI : 10.1561/1500000002

. Panagiotakis, Shape-Motion Based Athlete Tracking for Multilevel Action Recognition, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.4069, pp.385-395, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/11789239_40

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00068006

. Patel, . Sethi, N. Patel, and I. Sethi, Audio characterization for video indexing, Proceedings of SPIE, pp.373-386, 1996.

J. Perrot, Ponctuation et fonctions linguistiques, Langue fran??aise, vol.45, issue.1, pp.6776-6788, 1980.
DOI : 10.3406/lfr.1980.5266

P. Et-pantic-]-petridis, S. Et-pantic, and M. , Fusion of audio and visual cues for laughter detection, CIVR '08 : Proceedings of the 2008 international conference on Content-based image and video retrieval, p.329338, 2008.

V. Petrushin, Emotion in speech : Recognition and application to call centers, Articial Neu. Net. In Engr, pp.710-725, 1999.

J. Platt, Fast training of support vector machines using sequential minimal optimization, 1999.

. Pothos, Texture retrieval based on a non-parametric measure for multivariate distributions, Proceedings of the 6th ACM international conference on Image and video retrieval, CIVR '07, 2007.
DOI : 10.1145/1282280.1282353

A. Pujol, Contributions à la Classication Sémantique d'Images, 2009.

. Pyysalo, Evaluation of two dependency parsers on biomedical corpus targeted at protein???protein interactions, International Journal of Medical Informatics, vol.75, issue.6, pp.430442-95, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2005.06.009

G. Quénot, Computation of optical ow using dynamic programming, IAPR Workshop on machine vision applications, p.249252, 1996.

E. Ramasso, Reconnaissance de séquences d'états par le Modèle des Croyances Transférables. Application à l'analyse de vidéos d'athlétisme, Thèse de doctorat, pp.36-126, 2007.

R. Et-weiss-]-rivlin, E. Et-weiss, and I. , Local invariants for recognition, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.17, issue.3, pp.226238-226244, 1995.

. Ruvolo, Auditory mood detection for social and educational robots, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp.35513556-35513571, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/ROBOT.2008.4543754

A. Salem, Introduction à la résonance textuelle, p.76, 2004.

G. Salton, A comparison between manual and automatic indexing methods, American Documentation, vol.27, issue.1, 1968.
DOI : 10.1002/asi.4630200109

S. Sarawagi, Information Extraction, Foundations and Trends?? in Databases, vol.1, issue.3, pp.261377-92, 2008.
DOI : 10.1561/1900000003

. Satoh, Name-It: naming and detecting faces in news videos, IEEE Multimedia, vol.6, issue.1, pp.2235-2251, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/93.752960

. Scaringella, Automatic genre classication of music content : a survey, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol.23, issue.2, pp.133141-133149, 2006.

. Schmid, . Mohr, C. Schmid, and R. Et-mohr, Local grayvalue invariants for image retrieval, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.19, issue.5, pp.530535-530541, 1997.
DOI : 10.1109/34.589215

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00548358

F. Sebastiani, Machine learning in automated text categorization, ACM Computing Surveys, vol.34, issue.1, pp.147-74, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/505282.505283

G. Shafer, A mathematical theory of evidence, p.124, 1976.

. Sitbon, L. Bellot-]-sitbon, and P. Et-bellot, Segmentation thématique par chaînes lexicales pondérées, pp.505510-505524, 2005.

. Sleator, . Temperley, D. Sleator, and D. Et-temperley, Parsing english with a link grammar. Rapport technique, Carnegie Mellon University Computer Science technical report CMU-CS-91-196, p.95, 1991.

. Smeaton, High-Level Feature Detection from Video in TRECVid: A 5-Year Retrospective of Achievements, Multimedia Content Analysis : Theory and Applications, pp.151174-151189, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-0-387-76569-3_6

. Smeulders, Content-based image retrieval at the end of the early years, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.22, issue.12, pp.13491380-13491386, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/34.895972

. Smith, Layered motion segmentation and depth ordering by tracking edges, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.26, issue.4, pp.479492-479502, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1265863

. Snoek, . Worring, C. Snoek, and M. Et-worring, Multimodal Video Indexing: A Review of the State-of-the-art, Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol.25, issue.1, pp.535-541, 2005.
DOI : 10.1023/B:MTAP.0000046380.27575.a5

. Snoek, Early versus late fusion in semantic video analysis, Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia , MULTIMEDIA '05, pp.402-417, 2005.
DOI : 10.1145/1101149.1101236

. Snoek, The challenge problem for automated detection of 101 semantic concepts in multimedia, Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia , MULTIMEDIA '06, pp.421430-421445, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1180639.1180727

. Swets, . Weng, D. Swets, and J. Et-weng, Using discriminant eigenfeatures for image retrieval, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.18, issue.8, pp.831836-831852, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/34.531802

. Szummer, . Picard, M. Szummer, and R. Et-picard, Indoor-outdoor image classication, IEEE International Workshop on Content-Based Access of Image and Video Database, pp.4251-4265, 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/caivd.1998.646032

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.150.6011

C. Tong, S. Tong, and E. Chang, Support vector machine active learning for image retrieval, Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia , MULTIMEDIA '01, p.149, 2001.
DOI : 10.1145/500141.500159

J. Troccaz, La chirurgie urologique assistée par ordinateur et robot, 2006.

. Trucco, . Plakas, E. Trucco, and K. Et-plakas, Video Tracking: A Concise Survey, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol.31, issue.2, pp.520529-520539, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/JOE.2004.839933

. Tsai, . Wu, C. Tsai, and J. Et-wu, Using neural network ensembles for bankruptcy prediction and credit scoring, Expert Systems with Applications, vol.34, issue.4, p.26392649, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eswa.2007.05.019

. Tsekeridou, . Pitas, S. Tsekeridou, and I. Et-pitas, Audio-visual content analysis for content-based video indexing, Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, p.667672, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/MMCS.1999.779279

N. Turenne, Etat de l'art de la classication automatique pour l'acquisition de connaissances à partir de textes, 2001.

. Tzanetakis, . Cook, G. Tzanetakis, and P. Et-cook, Musical genre classication of audio signals, IEEE Transactions on speech and audio processing, vol.10, issue.5, pp.293302-293317, 2002.

. Ullman, A fragment-based approach to object representation and classication. Lecture notes in computer science, pp.85102-85109, 2001.

. Vailaya, Image classication for content-based indexing, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol.10, issue.1, pp.117130-117145, 2001.

. Vailaya, On image classication : City images vs. landscapes. Pattern Recognition, 31:19211936. Citée à la page 15 Un système ou de fusion coopérative : application au traitement d'images naturelles, Thèse de doctorat, pp.20-118, 1998.

. Valet, A statistical overview of recent literature in information fusion, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, vol.16, issue.3, pp.714-118, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00514175

. Van-de-sande, A comparison of color features for visual concept classication, CIVR '08 : Proceedings of the 2008 international conference on Content-based image and video retrieval, pp.141150-141157, 2008.

V. Vapnik, Structure of statistical learning theory, Computational Learning and Probabilistic Reasoning, pp.3-149, 1996.

J. Viprey, Analyse séquencée de la micro-distribution lexicale, 2004.

. Volgyesi, Shooter localization and weapon classication with soldier-wearable networked sensors, Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services, p.126, 2007.
DOI : 10.1145/1247660.1247676

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.323.7676

S. Vonfelt, La musique des lettres, Thèse de doctorat, p.78, 2008.

L. Wald, Some terms of reference in data fusion, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol.37, issue.3, pp.11901193-117, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/36.763269

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00356150

. Williams, Techniques d'animation pour le dessin animé, l'animation 3D, 2003.

. Weka, Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques with Java Implementations, pp.149-150

. Wold, Contentbased classication, search, and retrieval of audio, IEEE multimedia, vol.3, issue.3, pp.2736-2751, 1996.

. Wu, . Zhu, Y. Wu, and J. Et-zhu, A fusion method for estimate of trajectory, Science in China Series E : Technological Sciences, pp.149156-117, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02917109

. Xie, Learning models for english speech recognition, ACSC '04 : Proceedings of the 27th Australasian conference on Computer science, pp.323329-323347, 2004.

. Xu, Audio keywords generation for sports video analysis, ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl, vol.4, issue.2, pp.123-139, 2008.

Y. Et-hauptmann-yan, R. Et-hauptmann, and A. , A review of text and image retrieval approaches for broadcast news video, Information Retrieval, vol.10, issue.4, pp.445484-445502, 2007.

L. Zadeh, The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning, Information sciences, vol.8, issue.3, pp.199249-126, 1975.

. Zentner, Emotions evoked by the sound of music: Characterization, classification, and measurement., Emotion, vol.8, issue.4, pp.494521-494536, 2008.
DOI : 10.1037/1528-3542.8.4.494

L. Zhang, D. Zhang, and G. Lu, Review of shape representation and description techniques, Pattern Recognition, vol.37, issue.1, pp.119-153, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.patcog.2003.07.008

. Zhang, Automatic partitioning of full-motion video, Multimedia Systems, vol.1, issue.1, pp.1028-1041, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01210504

. Zhang, Video parsing and browsing using compressed data, Multimedia tools and applications, pp.89111-89120, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01261227

. Zhang, . Kuo, T. Zhang, and C. Et-kuo, Hierarchical classication of audio data for archiving andretrieving, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing ICASSP'99. Proceedings., volume, pp.15-16, 1999.

. Zhong, Locating text in complex color images, Pattern Recognition, vol.28, issue.10, pp.15231535-15231553, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-3203(95)00030-4

. Zimmermann, H. Zimmermann, and P. Et-zysno, Latent connectives in human decision making. Fuzzy sets and systems, pp.3751-128, 1980.

G. Zipf, Human behavior and the principle of least eort : An introduction to human ecology. addison-wesley press, p.71, 1949.