A. Aiuppa, C. Federico, G. Giudice, S. Gurrieri, M. Liuzzo et al., Rates of carbon dioxide plume degassing from Mount Etna volcano, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.56, issue.5, p.9207, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2006JB004307

H. Behrens, V. Misiti, C. Freda, F. Vetere, R. E. Botcharnikov et al., Solubility of H2O and CO2 in ultrapotassic melts at 1200 and 1250 ??C and pressure from 50 to 500 MPa, American Mineralogist, vol.94, issue.1, pp.105-120, 2009.
DOI : 10.2138/am.2009.2796

H. Behrens and F. Gaillard, Geochemical Aspects of Melts: Volatiles and Redox Behavior, Elements, vol.2, issue.5, pp.275-280, 2006.
DOI : 10.2113/gselements.2.5.275

H. Behrens, Noble Gas Diffusion in Silicate Glasses and Melts, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, vol.72, issue.1, 2010.
DOI : 10.2138/rmg.2010.72.6

J. Berndt, C. Liebske, F. Holtz, M. Freise, M. Nowak et al., -membrane setup for internally heated pressure vessels: Description and application for water solubility in basaltic melts, American Mineralogist, vol.87, issue.11-12, pp.1717-1720, 2002.
DOI : 10.2138/am-2002-11-1222

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01058608

J. G. Blank and R. A. Brooker, Experimental studies of carbon-dioxide in silicate melts-solubility, speciation, and stable carbon-isotope behavior, Rev. Mineral, vol.30, pp.157-186, 1994.

R. E. Botcharnikov, M. Freise, F. Holtz, and H. Behrens, Solubility of C-O-H mixtures in natural melts: new experimental data and application range of recent models, Annals of Geophysics, vol.48, pp.633-646, 2005.

R. E. Botcharnikov, H. Behrens, and F. Holtz, Solubility and speciation of C???O???H fluids in andesitic melt at T=1100???1300??C and P=200 and 500MPa, Chemical Geology, vol.229, issue.1-3, pp.125-143, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.01.016

. Solubility, speciation and dissolution mechanisms for CO 2 in melts on the NaAlO 2

R. A. Brooker, S. C. Kohn, J. R. Holloway, and P. F. Mcmillan, Structural controls on the solubility of CO2 in silicate melts, Chemical Geology, vol.174, issue.1-3, pp.225-239, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00353-3

R. A. Brooker, S. C. Kohn, J. R. Holloway, and P. F. Mcmillan, Structural controls on the solubility of CO2 in silicate melts, Chemical Geology, vol.174, issue.1-3, pp.241-254, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00318-1

A. Burgisser, B. Scaillet, and H. , Chemical patterns of erupting silicic magmas and their influence on the amount of degassing during ascent, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.46, issue.B12, p.12204, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2008JB005680

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00347919

C. W. Burnham, D. , and N. F. , The role of H 2 O in silicate melts; I, P-V-T relations in the system NaAlSi 3 O 8 -H 2 O to 10 kilobars and 1000 degrees C, American Journal of Science, vol.270, issue.1, pp.54-98, 1971.
DOI : 10.2475/ajs.270.1.54

D. Matteo, V. Mangiacapra, A. Dingwell, D. B. Orsi, and G. , Water solubility and speciation in shoshonitic and latitic melt composition from Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy), Chemical Geology, vol.229, issue.1-3, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.01.015

J. E. Dixon, Degassing of alkalic basalts, American Mineralogist, vol.82, issue.3-4, pp.368-378, 1997.
DOI : 10.2138/am-1997-3-415

J. E. Dixon and V. Pan, Determination of the molar absorptivity of dissolved carbonate in basanitic glass, American Mineralogist, vol.80, issue.11-12, pp.1339-1342, 1995.
DOI : 10.2138/am-1995-11-1224

J. E. Dixon, E. M. Stolper, and J. R. Holloway, An experimental study of water and carbon dioxide solubilities in mid ocean ridge basaltic liquids .1. Calibration and solubility models, J. Petrol, vol.36, pp.1607-1631, 1995.

M. Edmonds and T. M. Gerlach, Vapor segregation and loss in basaltic melts, Geology, vol.35, issue.8, pp.751-754, 2007.
DOI : 10.1130/G23464A.1

I. Farnan and J. F. Stebbins, The Nature of the Glass Transition in a Silica-Rich Oxide Melt, Science, vol.265, issue.5176, pp.1206-1209, 1994.
DOI : 10.1126/science.265.5176.1206

G. Fine and E. Stolper, Dissolved carbon dioxide in basaltic glasses: concentrations and speciation, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.76, issue.3-4, pp.263-278, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(86)90078-6

P. S. Fiske and J. F. Stebbins, The structural role of Mg in silicate liquids: A hightemperature 25 Mg, Na, and 29 Si NMR study, pp.848-861, 1994.

J. D. Frantz and B. O. Mysen, Raman spectra and structure of BaO???SiO2 SrO???SiO2 and CaO???SiO2 melts to 1600??C, Chemical Geology, vol.121, issue.1-4, pp.155-176, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(94)00127-T

F. Gaillard and B. Scaillet, The sulfur content of volcanic gases on Mars, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.279, issue.1-2, pp.34-43, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.028

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00361741

F. Gaillard, M. Pichavant, and B. Scaillet, Experimental determination of activities of FeO and Fe2O3 components in hydrous silicic melts under oxidizing conditions, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.67, issue.22, pp.4389-4409, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00376-4

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00069333

A. M. Georges and J. F. Stebbins, Mg NMR study, American Mineralogist, vol.83, issue.9-10, pp.1022-1029, 1998.
DOI : 10.2138/am-1998-9-1010

M. S. Ghiorso and R. O. Sack, Chemical mass transfer in magmatic processes IV. A revised and internally consistent thermodynamic model for the interpolation and extrapolation of liquid-solid equilibria in magmatic systems at elevated temperatures and pressures, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.55, issue.107, pp.197-212, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00307281

A. R. Grimmer, M. Magi, M. Hahnert, H. Stade, A. Samoson et al., High resolution solid state 29 Si NMR spectroscopic studies of binary alkali silicate glasses, Physics and Chemistry of Glasses, vol.25, pp.105-109, 1984.

M. Guignard and L. Cormier, Environments of Mg and Al in MgO???Al2O3???SiO2 glasses: A study coupling neutron and X-ray diffraction and Reverse Monte Carlo modeling, Chemical Geology, vol.256, issue.3-4, pp.111-118, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.06.008

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00346395

B. Guillot and N. Sator, A computer simulation study of natural silicate melts. Part I: Low pressure properties, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.71, issue.5, 1249.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2006.11.015

B. Guillot and N. Sator, Carbon dioxide in silicate melts: A molecular dynamics simulation study, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.75, issue.7, pp.1829-1857, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.004

W. E. Halter and B. O. Mysen, Melt speciation in the system Na2O???SiO2, Melt speciation in the system Na 2 O-SiO 2, pp.115-123, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.036

D. L. Hamilton, C. W. Burnham, and E. F. Osborn, The Solubility of Water and Effects of Oxygen Fugacity and Water Content on Crystallization in Mafic Magmas, Journal of Petrology, vol.5, issue.1, pp.21-39, 1964.
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/5.1.21

G. Iacono-marziano, F. Gaillard, and M. Pichavant, Limestone assimilation by basaltic magmas: an experimental re-assessment and application to Italian volcanoes, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.43, issue.B5, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00410-007-0267-8

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00212111

G. Iacono-marziano, F. Gaillard, B. Scaillet, M. Pichavant, C. et al., Role of non-mantle CO2 in the dynamics of volcano degassing: The Mount Vesuvius example, Geology, vol.37, issue.4, pp.319-322, 2009.
DOI : 10.1130/G25446A.1

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00403860

P. D. Ihinger, R. L. Hervig, and P. F. Mcmillan, Analytical methods for volatiles in glasses, Rev. Mineral, vol.30, pp.67-121, 1994.

S. Jakobsson, Solubility of water and carbon dioxide in an icelandite at 1400 ??C and 10 kilobars, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.127, issue.1-2, pp.129-135, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s004100050270

N. Jendrzejewski, T. W. Trull, F. Pineau, and M. Javoy, Carbon solubility in Mid-Ocean Ridge basaltic melt at low pressures (250???1950 bar), Chemical Geology, vol.138, issue.1-2, pp.81-92, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00176-3

K. E. Kelsey, J. R. Allwardt, and J. F. Stebbins, Ca???Mg mixing in aluminosilicate glasses: An investigation using 17O MAS and 3QMAS and 27Al MAS NMR, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol.354, issue.40-41, pp.4644-4653, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.05.049

D. H. Kerrick and G. K. Jacobs, A modified Redlich-Kwong equation for H 2 O, CO 2 , and H 2 O-CO 2 mixtures at elevated pressures and temperatures, American Journal of Science, vol.281, issue.6, pp.735-767, 1981.
DOI : 10.2475/ajs.281.6.735

P. L. King and J. R. Holloway, CO2 solubility and speciation in intermediate (andesitic) melts: the role of H2O and composition, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.66, issue.9, pp.1627-1640, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00872-9

S. C. Kohn, R. A. Brooker, and R. Dupree, 13C MAS NMR: A method for studying CO2 speciation in glasses, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.55, issue.12, pp.3879-3884, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90082-G

S. Kroeker and J. F. Stebbins, Magnesium coordination environments in glasses and minerals: New insight from high-field magnesium-25 MAS NMR, American Mineralogist, vol.85, issue.10, pp.1459-1464, 2000.
DOI : 10.2138/am-2000-1015

S. K. Lee, S. , and S. , The effect of network-modifying cations on the structure and disorder in peralkaline Ca???Na aluminosilicate glasses: O-17 3QMAS NMR study, Chemical Geology, vol.256, issue.3-4, pp.326-333, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.07.019

S. K. Lee and J. F. Stebbins, Effects of the degree of polymerization on the structure of sodium silicate and aluminosilicate glasses and melts: An 17O NMR study, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.73, issue.4, pp.1109-1119, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.040

P. Lesne, Etude expérimentale de la solubilité des volatils C-H-O-S dans les basaltes alcalins italiens. Simulations numériques du dégazage chimique: application à l'Etna, 2008.

N. Métrich, R. , and M. J. , Low Pressure Crystallization Paths of H2O-Saturated Basaltic-Hawaiitic Melts from Mt Etna: Implications for Open-System Degassing of Basaltic Volcanoes, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.62, issue.7, pp.1195-1205, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00048-9

N. Métrich, W. , and P. J. , Volatile Abundances in Basaltic Magmas and Their Degassing Paths Tracked by Melt Inclusions, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, vol.69, issue.1, pp.363-402, 2008.
DOI : 10.2138/rmg.2008.69.10

G. Moore, Interpreting H2O and CO2 Contents in Melt Inclusions: Constraints from Solubility Experiments and Modeling, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, vol.69, issue.1, pp.333-361, 2008.
DOI : 10.2138/rmg.2008.69.9

G. Moore, T. Vennemann, and I. S. Carmichael, Solubility of water in magmas to 2 kbar, Geology, vol.23, issue.12, pp.1099-1102, 1995.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<1099:SOWIMT>2.3.CO;2

G. Moore, T. Vennemann, and I. S. Carmichael, O in magmas to 3 kilobars, American Mineralogist, vol.83, issue.1-2, pp.36-42, 1998.
DOI : 10.2138/am-1998-1-203

G. Moore, Interpreting H2O and CO2 Contents in Melt Inclusions: Constraints from Solubility Experiments and Modeling, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, vol.69, issue.1, pp.333-361, 2008.
DOI : 10.2138/rmg.2008.69.9

R. Moretti and P. Papale, On the oxidation state and volatile behavior in multicomponent gas???melt equilibria, Chemical Geology, vol.213, issue.1-3, pp.265-280, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.048

Y. Morizet, M. Paris, F. Gaillard, and B. Scaillet, C???O???H fluid solubility in haplobasalt under reducing conditions: An experimental study, Chemical Geology, vol.279, issue.1-2, pp.1-16, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.09.011

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00524494

Y. Morizet, R. A. Brooker, and S. C. Kohn, CO2 in haplo-phonolite melt: solubility, speciation and carbonate complexation, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.66, issue.10, pp.1809-1820, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00893-6

B. O. Mysen and M. J. Toplis, Structural behavior of Al3+ in peralkaline, metaluminous, and peraluminous silicate melts and glasses at ambient pressure, American Mineralogist, vol.92, issue.5-6, pp.933-946, 2007.
DOI : 10.2138/am.2007.2334

B. O. Mysen, R. J. Arculus, and D. H. Eggler, Solubility of carbon dioxide in melts of andesite, tholeiite, and olivine nephelinite composition to 30 kbar pressure, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.18, issue.4, pp.227-239, 1975.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00382441

B. O. Mysen, Physics and chemistry of silicate glasses and melts, European Journal of Mineralogy, vol.15, issue.5, pp.781-802, 2003.
DOI : 10.1127/0935-1221/2003/0015-0781

D. R. Neuville, L. Cormier, and D. Massiot, Al coordination and speciation in calcium aluminosilicate glasses: Effects of composition determined by 27Al MQ-MAS NMR and Raman spectroscopy, Chemical Geology, vol.229, issue.1-3, pp.173-185, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.01.019

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00268920

D. R. Neuville, G. S. Henderson, L. Cormier, and D. Massiot, The structure of crystals, glasses, and melts along the CaO-Al2O3 join: Results from Raman, Al L- and K-edge X-ray absorption, and 27Al NMR spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, vol.95, issue.10, pp.1580-1589, 2010.
DOI : 10.2138/am.2010.3465

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00608509

S. Newman and J. B. And-lowenstern, VOLATILECALC: a silicate melt, 2002.

O. Neill, H. S. Mavrogenes, and J. A. , The Sulfide Capacity and the Sulfur Content at Sulfide Saturation of Silicate Melts at 1400degreesC and 1 bar, Journal of Petrology, vol.43, issue.6, pp.1049-1087, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/43.6.1049

V. Pan, J. R. Holloway, and R. L. Hervig, The pressure and temperature dependence of carbon dioxide solubility in tholeiitic basalt melts, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.55, issue.6, pp.1587-1595, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90130-W

P. Papale, Modeling of the solubility of a one-component H 2 O or CO 2 fluid in silicate liquids, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.126, issue.3, pp.237-251, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s004100050247

P. Papale, fluid in silicate liquids, American Mineralogist, vol.84, issue.4, pp.477-492, 1999.
DOI : 10.2138/am-1999-0402

P. Papale, R. Moretti, and D. Barbato, The compositional dependence of the saturation surface of H2O+CO2 fluids in silicate melts, Chemical Geology, vol.229, issue.1-3, pp.78-95, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.01.013

A. R. Pawley, J. Holloway, and P. F. Mcmillan, The effect of oxygen fugacity on the solubility of carbon-oxygen fluids in basaltic melt, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.110, issue.1-4, pp.213-225, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(92)90049-2

A. Peccerillo, G. Poli, and G. Serri, Petrogenesis of orenditic and kamafugitic rocks from Cnetral Italy, Can. Mineral, vol.26, pp.45-65, 1998.

J. C. Phillips and A. W. Woods, Suppression of large-scale magma mixing by melt???volatile separation, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.204, issue.1-2, pp.47-60, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00978-0

S. Rossano, A. Y. Ramos, and J. M. Delaye, Environment of ferrous iron in CaFeSi2O6 glass; contributions of EXAFS and molecular dynamics, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol.273, issue.1-3, pp.48-52, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00124-1

B. Scaillet and M. Pichavant, Experimental constraints on volatile abundances in arc magmas and their implications for degassing processes, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, vol.213, issue.1, pp.23-52, 2003.
DOI : 10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.213.01.03

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00090245

J. Schneider, V. R. Mastelaro, E. D. Zanotto, B. A. Shakhmatkin, N. M. Vedishcheva et al., Qn distribution in stoichiometric silicate glasses: thermodynamic calculations and 29Si high resolution NMR measurements, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol.325, issue.1-3, pp.164-178, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3093(03)00332-6

K. Shimoda, T. Nemoto, and K. Salto, Mg 3QMAS NMR Study, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.112, issue.22, pp.6747-6752, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/jp711417t

H. Shinohara, A. Aiuppa, G. Giudice, S. Gurrieri, and M. Liuzzo, ratios of volcanic gases discharged by continuous degassing of Mount Etna volcano, Italy, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.140, issue.5, p.9203, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JB005185

T. A. Shishkina, R. E. Botcharnikov, F. Holtz, R. R. Almeev, and M. V. Portnyagin, Solubility of H2O-and CO2-bearing fluids in tholeiitic basalts at pressures up to 500, 2010.

F. J. Spera and S. C. Bergman, Carbon Dioxide in igneous petrogenesis: I, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.54, issue.3, pp.55-66, 1980.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00375489

N. Spilliaert, P. Allard, N. Metrich, and A. V. Sobolev, Melt inclusion record of the conditions of ascent, degassing, and extrusion of volatile-rich alkali basalt during the powerful 2002 flank eruption of Mount Etna (Italy), Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.192, issue.47, p.10, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2005JB003934

E. Stolper, The speciation of water in silicate melts, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.46, issue.12, pp.2609-2620, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(82)90381-7

E. Stolper and J. R. Holloway, Experimental determination of the solubility of carbon dioxide in molten basalt at low pressure, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.87, issue.4, pp.397-408, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(88)90004-0

M. J. Toplis, S. C. Kohn, M. E. Smith, and I. J. Poplett, Fivefold-coordinated aluminum in tectosilicate glasses observed by triple quantum MAS NMR, American Mineralogist, vol.85, issue.10, pp.1556-1560, 2000.
DOI : 10.2138/am-2000-1031

Y. Thibault and J. R. Holloway, Solubility of CO2 in a Ca-rich leucitite: effects of pressure, temperature, and oxygen fugacity, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.248, issue.1-2, pp.216-224, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00310701

F. Vetere, R. E. Botcharnikov, F. Holtz, H. Behrens, D. Rosa et al., Solubility of H2O and CO2 in shoshonitic melts at 1250??C and pressures from 50 to 400MPa: Implications for Campi Flegrei magmatic systems, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.202, issue.3-4, pp.251-261, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.03.002

P. J. Wallace, From mantle to atmosphere: Magma degassing, explosive eruptions, and volcanic volatile budgets. Melt inclusions in volcanic systems: methods, applications and problems, Book Series: Developments in Volcanology, pp.105-127, 2003.

P. Wallace and I. S. Carmichael, Sulfur in basaltic magmas, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.56, issue.5, pp.1863-1874, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90316-B

. Calculated, with NBO computed on a hydrous basis) on CO 2 solubility at 2000 bar and 1200°C in equilibrium with a fluid phase containing 80% CO 2 . The initial composition (with the lowest NBO/O) is a MORB