M. F. Pittenger, A. M. Mackay, and S. C. Beck, Multilineage Potential of Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Science, vol.284, issue.5411, pp.143-147, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.284.5411.143

C. Vinatier, D. Mrugala, C. Jorgensen, J. Guicheux, and D. Noël, Cartilage engineering: a crucial combination of cells, p.9
DOI : 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.02.005

, Stem Cells International biomaterials and biofactors Trends in Biotechnology, vol.27, pp.307-314, 2009.

A. I. Caplan and D. Correa, The MSC: An Injury Drugstore, Cell Stem Cell, vol.9, issue.1, pp.11-15, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.stem.2011.06.008

F. Djouad, C. Bouffi, S. Ghannam, D. Noël, and C. Jorgensen, Mesenchymal stem cells: innovative therapeutic tools for rheumatic diseases, Nature Reviews Rheumatology, vol.11, issue.7, pp.392-399, 2009.
DOI : 10.3310/hta11300

B. Kronsteiner, S. Wolbank, and A. Peterbauer, Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue and Amnion Influence T-Cells Depending on Stimulation Method and Presence of Other Immune Cells, Stem Cells and Development, vol.20, issue.12, pp.2115-2126, 2011.
DOI : 10.1089/scd.2011.0031

M. E. Bernardo and W. E. Fibbe, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Sensors and Switchers of Inflammation, Cell Stem Cell, vol.13, issue.4, pp.392-402, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.stem.2013.09.006

R. Meisel, A. Zibert, M. Laryea, U. Göbel, W. Däubener et al., Human bone marrow stromal cells inhibit allogeneic T-cell responses by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated tryptophan degradation, Blood, vol.103, issue.12, pp.4619-4621, 2004.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2003-11-3909

G. M. Spaggiari, H. Abdelrazik, F. Becchetti, and L. Moretta, MSCs inhibit monocyte-derived DC maturation and function by selectively interfering with the generation of immature DCs: central role of MSC-derived prostaglandin E2, Blood, vol.113, issue.26, pp.6576-6583, 2009.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2009-02-203943

B. A. Aguado, W. Mulyasasmita, J. Su, K. J. Lampe, and S. C. Heilshorn, Improving Viability of Stem Cells During Syringe Needle Flow Through the Design of Hydrogel Cell Carriers, Tissue Engineering Part A, vol.18, issue.7-8, pp.806-815, 2012.
DOI : 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0391

O. Detante, A. Moisan, and J. Dimastromatteo, Tc-HMPAO-Labeled Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Stroke: In Vivo Imaging and Biodistribution, Cell Transplantation, vol.16, issue.12, pp.1369-1379, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600432

K. Toupet, M. Maumus, and J. Peyrafitte, Long-Term Detection of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Intraarticular Injection in SCID Mice, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.46, issue.7, pp.1786-1794, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/art.10126

A. Blocki, S. Beyer, and J. Dewavrin, Microcapsules engineered to support mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) survival and proliferation enable long-term retention of MSCs in infarcted myocardium, Biomaterials, vol.53, pp.12-24, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.075

S. J. Bidarra, C. C. Barrias, and P. L. Granja, Injectable alginate hydrogels for cell delivery in tissue engineering, Acta Biomaterialia, vol.10, issue.4, pp.1646-1662, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.006

K. Xu, D. A. Cantu, and Y. Fu, Thiol-ene Michael-type formation of gelatin/poly(ethylene glycol) biomatrices for three-dimensional mesenchymal stromal/stem cell administration to cutaneous wounds, Acta Biomaterialia, vol.9, issue.11, pp.8802-8814, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.06.021

L. Gasperini, J. F. Mano, and R. L. Reis, Natural polymers for the microencapsulation of cells, Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol.9, issue.1, 2014.
DOI : 10.1002/smll.201202147

G. Orive, E. Santos, and D. Poncelet, Cell encapsulation: technical and clinical advances, Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, vol.36, issue.8, pp.537-546, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tips.2015.05.003

H. Zhou, H. H. Xu, G. Chan, and D. J. Mooney, The fast release of stem cells from alginate-fibrin microbeads in injectable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering Ca 2+ released from calcium alginate gels can promote inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo, Biomaterials Acta Biomaterialia, vol.32, issue.9, pp.7503-7513, 2011.

C. Merceron, S. Portron, and M. Masson, The Effect of Two- and Three-Dimensional Cell Culture on the Chondrogenic Potential of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Subcutaneous Transplantation with an Injectable Hydrogel, Cell Transplantation, vol.7, issue.10, pp.1575-1588, 2011.
DOI : 10.1089/107632701300062859

S. Portron, C. Merceron, and O. Gauthier, Effects of In Vitro Low Oxygen Tension Preconditioning of Adipose Stromal Cells on Their In Vivo Chondrogenic Potential: Application in Cartilage Tissue Repair, PLoS ONE, vol.281, issue.4, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0062368.t002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01847981

V. F. Teixeira, N. R. Pereira, W. R. Waldman, A. L. Ávila, V. H. Pérez et al., Ion exchange kinetics of magnetic alginate ferrogel beads produced by external gelation, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol.111, pp.198-205, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.009

C. Vinatier, D. Magne, and P. Weiss, A silanized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hydrogel for the three-dimensional culture of chondrocytes, Biomaterials, vol.26, issue.33, pp.6643-6651, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.057

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00110465

C. Merceron, S. Portron, and C. Vignes-colombeix, Pharmacological Modulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis by a Chemically Oversulfated Polysaccharide of Marine Origin: Potential Application to Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, STEM CELLS, vol.71, issue.4, pp.471-480, 2012.
DOI : 10.1159/000093553

L. A. Bosworth, S. R. Rathbone, and S. H. , Optimizing attachment of human mesenchymal stem cells on poly(?caprolactone ) electrospun yarns, Journal of Visualized Experiments, vol.98, 2015.
DOI : 10.3791/52135

URL : https://www.jove.com/pdf/52135/optimizing-attachment-human-mesenchymal-stem-cells-on-poly

R. A. Thibault, L. S. Baggett, A. G. Mikos, and F. K. Kasper, Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Pregenerated Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds in the Absence of Osteogenic Cell Culture Supplements, Tissue Engineering Part A, vol.16, issue.2, pp.431-440, 2010.
DOI : 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0583

M. François, R. Romieu-mourez, M. Li, and J. Galipeau, Human MSC Suppression Correlates With Cytokine Induction of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Bystander M2 Macrophage Differentiation, Molecular Therapy, vol.20, issue.1, pp.187-195, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/mt.2011.189

B. B. Lee, P. Ravindra, and E. S. Chan, Size and Shape of Calcium Alginate Beads Produced by Extrusion Dripping, Chemical Engineering & Technology, vol.29, pp.1627-1642, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s00449-006-0070-3

T. N. Salthouse, Some aspects of macrophage behavior at the implant interface, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, vol.17, issue.4, pp.395-401, 1984.
DOI : 10.1002/jbm.820180407

B. F. Matlaga, L. P. Yasenchak, and T. N. Salthouse, Tissue response to implanted polymers: The significance of sample shape, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, vol.2, issue.3, pp.391-397, 1976.
DOI : 10.3109/10731197509118613

S. W. Kim, Y. H. Bae, and T. Okano, Hydrogels: swelling, drug loading, and release, Pharmaceutical Research, vol.09, issue.3, pp.283-290, 1992.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1015887213431

A. G. Lee, C. P. Arena, D. J. Beebe, and S. P. Palecek, Development of Macroporous Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogel Arrays within Microfluidic Channels, Biomacromolecules, vol.11, issue.12, pp.3316-3324, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/bm100792y

URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3006031?pdf=render

D. Mawad, R. Odell, and L. A. Poole-warren, Network structure and macromolecular drug release from poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels fabricated via two crosslinking strategies, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol.366, issue.1-2, pp.31-37, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.08.038

J. M. Ziebell and M. C. Morganti-kossmann, Involvement of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, Neurotherapeutics, vol.1151, issue.Suppl 1, pp.22-30, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.149

S. M. Opal and V. A. Depalo, Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines, Chest, vol.117, issue.4, pp.1162-1172, 2000.
DOI : 10.1378/chest.117.4.1162

C. A. Feghali and T. M. Wright, Cytokines in acute and chronic inflammation, Frontiers in Bioscience, vol.2, pp.12-26, 1997.

B. Wright, R. A. Cave, and J. P. Cook, Enhanced viability of corneal epithelial cells for efficient transport/storage using a structurally modified calcium alginate hydrogel, Regenerative Medicine, vol.40, issue.3, pp.295-307, 2012.
DOI : 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091270

J. L. Wilson, M. A. Najia, R. Saeed, and T. C. Mcdevitt, Alginate encapsulation parameters influence the differentiation of microencapsulated embryonic stem cell aggregates, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol.453, issue.3, pp.618-631, 2014.
DOI : 10.1038/nature06968

URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4163549?pdf=render

M. J. Webber, E. A. Appel, E. W. Meijer, and R. Langer, Supramolecular biomaterials, Nature Materials, vol.30, issue.1, pp.13-26, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.01.010

C. Ceccaldi, S. G. Fullana, and C. Alfarano, Alginate Scaffolds for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cardiac Therapy: Influence of Alginate Composition, Cell Transplantation, vol.42, issue.13, pp.1969-1984, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.05.031

URL : http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.3727/096368912X647252

J. Yu, K. T. Du, and Q. Fang, The use of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in RGD modified alginate microspheres in the repair of myocardial infarction in the rat, Biomaterials, vol.31, issue.27, pp.7012-7020, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.05.078

L. Moussa, G. Pattappa, and B. Doix, A biomaterial-assisted mesenchymal stromal cell therapy alleviates colonic radiation-induced damage, Biomaterials, vol.115, pp.40-52, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.017

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.017

M. Ter-huurne, R. Schelbergen, and R. Blattes, Antiinflammatory and chondroprotective effects of intraarticular injection of adipose-derived stem cells in experimental osteoarthritis, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.92, issue.3, pp.3604-3613, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.06.057

C. Manferdini, M. Maumus, and E. Gabusi, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.5, issue.Suppl 3, pp.1271-1281, 2013.
DOI : 10.2174/157488810791268564

M. Maumus, C. Manferdini, and K. Toupet, Adipose mesenchymal stem cells protect chondrocytes from degeneration associated with osteoarthritis, Stem Cell Research, vol.11, issue.2, pp.834-844, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scr.2013.05.008

M. W. Klinker and C. Wei, Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in experimental animal models, World Journal of Stem Cells, vol.7, issue.3, pp.556-567, 2015.
DOI : 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.556

L. Wang, C. Ting, and M. Yen, Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treatment towards immune- and inflammation-mediated diseases: review of current clinical trials, Journal of Biomedical Science, vol.19, issue.7, p.76, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/resp.12343

R. E. Newman, D. Yoo, M. A. Leroux, and A. Danilkovitch-miagkova, Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets, vol.8, issue.2, pp.110-123, 2009.
DOI : 10.2174/187152809788462635

E. Singhal, P. Kumar, and P. Sen, A Novel Role for Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase in Hepatocyte Growth Factor-mediated Immunoregulation of Dendritic Cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.179, issue.37, pp.32054-32063, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.onc.1205205

, Stem Cells International Submit your manuscripts at https://www.hindawi, 2014.

, Anatomy Research International Peptides International Journal of Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014.

, www.hindawi.com International Journal, vol.201

, Molecular Biology International Genomics International Journal of Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014.

, The Scientific World Journal Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014.

, Bioinformatics Advances in Marine Biology Journal of Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014.

, Signal Transduction Journal of Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014.

, BioMed Research International Evolutionary Biology International Journal, 2014.