S. Garattini, J. Jakobsen, J. Wetterslev, V. Bertele, R. Banzi et al., Evidence-based clinical practice: Overview of threats to the validity of evidence and how to minimise them, European Journal of Internal Medicine, vol.32, issue.11, pp.13-21, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.03.020

J. Demotes-mainard and C. Kubiak, A European perspective - the European clinical research infrastructures network, Annals of Oncology, vol.22, issue.Suppl 7, pp.44-53, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/annonc/mdr425

S. Djurisic, A. Rath, S. Gaber, S. Garattini, V. Bertele et al., Barriers to the conduct of randomised clinical trials within all disease areas, Trials, vol.497, issue.7451, p.360, 2017.
DOI : 10.1038/497557a

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01572262

A. Rath, V. Salamon, S. Peixoto, V. Hivert, M. Laville et al., A systematic literature review of evidence-based clinical practice for rare diseases: what are the perceived and real barriers for improving the evidence and how can they be overcome? Trials

E. Neugebauer, A. Rath, S. Antoine, M. Eikermann, D. Seidel et al., Specific barriers to the conduct of randomised clinical trials on medical devices, Trials, vol.526, issue.7572
DOI : 10.1038/526187a

N. Meunier, H. Roth, L. Ferrand, M. Laville, and N. Cano, La recherche clinique en nutrition ??? M??thodologie et r??glementation des essais cliniques, Nutrition Clinique et M??tabolisme, vol.24, issue.3, pp.93-108, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nupar.2010.03.001

J. Ioannidis, We need more randomized trials in nutrition--preferably large, long-term, and with negative results, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.103, issue.6, pp.1385-1391, 2016.
DOI : 10.3945/ajcn.116.136085

J. Jakobsen and C. Gluud, The Necessity of Randomized Clinical Trials, British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, vol.3, issue.4, pp.453-1468, 2013.
DOI : 10.9734/BJMMR/2013/3208

K. Maki, J. Slavin, T. Rains, and P. Kris-etherton, Limitations of Observational Evidence: Implications for Evidence-Based Dietary Recommendations, Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal, vol.5, issue.1, pp.7-15, 2014.
DOI : 10.3945/an.113.004929

J. Ioannidis, Implausible results in human nutrition research, BMJ, vol.347, issue.nov14 3, pp.6698-6714, 2013.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.f6698

W. Kernan, C. Viscoli, R. Makuch, L. Brass, and R. Horwitz, Stratified Randomization for Clinical Trials, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol.52, issue.1, pp.19-26, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00138-3

R. Estruch, R. E. Salas-salvado, J. Covas, M. , C. D. Aros et al., Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.368, issue.14, pp.1279-90, 2013.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1200303

P. Dominguez-salas, S. Moore, D. Cole, K. Da-costa, S. Cox et al., DNA methylation potential: dietary intake and blood concentrations of one-carbon metabolites and cofactors in rural African women, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.97, issue.6, pp.1217-1244, 2013.
DOI : 10.3945/ajcn.112.048462

R. Welch, J. Antoine, J. Berta, A. Bub, J. De-vries et al., Guidelines for the design, conduct and reporting of human intervention studies to evaluate the health benefits of foods, British Journal of Nutrition, vol.87, issue.S2, pp.3-15, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/0471740136

S. Castell, G. Serra-majem, L. Ribas-barba, and L. , What and how much do we eat? 24-hour dietary recall method, Nutr Hosp, vol.31, pp.46-54, 2015.

K. Poslusna, J. Ruprich, J. De-vries, M. Jakubikova, and P. Van-'t-veer, Misreporting of energy and micronutrient intake estimated by food records and 24??hour recalls, control and adjustment methods in practice, British Journal of Nutrition, vol.77, issue.S2, pp.73-85, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803527

J. Shim, K. Oh, and H. Kim, Dietary assessment methods in epidemiologic studies, Epidemiology and Health, vol.36, 2014.
DOI : 10.4178/epih/e2014009

A. Illner, H. Freisling, H. Boeing, I. Huybrechts, S. Crispim et al., Review and evaluation of innovative technologies for measuring diet in nutritional epidemiology, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.41, issue.4, pp.1187-203, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dys105

B. Shriver, C. Roman-shriver, and J. Long, Technology-based methods of dietary assessment: recent developments and considerations for clinical practice, Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, vol.13, issue.5, pp.548-51, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833c55f8

S. Hercberg, Web-based studies: The future in nutritional epidemiology (and overarching epidemiology) for the benefit of public health?, Preventive Medicine, vol.55, issue.6, pp.544-549, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.09.016

L. Majem and J. Bartrina, Nutricion y salud publica. Metodos, bases cient?ficas y aplicaciones (Public Health Nutrition. Evidence base and applications), 2006.

J. Martin-moreno and L. Gorgojo, Valoraci??n de la ingesta diet??tica a nivel poblacional mediante cuestionarios individuales: sombras y luces metodol??gicas, Revista Espa??ola de Salud P??blica, vol.81, issue.5, pp.507-525, 2007.
DOI : 10.1590/S1135-57272007000500007

S. Hercberg, M. Deheeger, P. Preziosi, and . Su-vi-max, Portions alimentaires. Manuel photos pour l'estimation des quantités, 1994.

A. Bach, L. Serra-majem, J. Carrasco, B. Roman, J. Ngo et al., The use of indexes evaluating the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in epidemiological studies: a review, Public Health Nutrition, vol.47, issue.1a, pp.132-178, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.010

A. Sanchez-tainta, R. Estruch, M. Bullo, C. D. Gomez-gracia, E. Fiol et al., Adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet and reduced prevalence of clustered cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of 3

A. Alberti-fidanza, F. Fidanza, M. Chiuchiu, G. Verducci, and D. Fruttini, Dietary studies on two rural Italian population groups of the Seven Countries Study. 3. Trend of food and nutrient intake from 1960 to 1991, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.53, issue.11, pp.854-60, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600865

A. Trichopoulou, P. Orfanos, T. Norat, B. Bueno-de-mesquita, M. Ocke et al., Modified Mediterranean diet and survival: EPIC-elderly prospective cohort study, BMJ, vol.330, issue.7498, p.991, 2005.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.38415.644155.8F

L. Serra-majem, L. Ribas, J. Ngo, R. Ortega, A. Garcia et al., Food, youth and the Mediterranean diet in Spain. Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents, Public Health Nutrition, vol.25, issue.07, pp.931-936, 2004.
DOI : 10.1079/PHN2004557

A. Trichopoulou, A. Kouris-blazos, M. Wahlqvist, C. Gnardellis, P. Lagiou et al., Diet and overall survival in elderly people, BMJ, vol.311, issue.7018, pp.1457-60, 1995.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.311.7018.1457

M. Martinez-gonzalez, M. Garcia-lopez, M. Bes-rastrollo, E. Toledo, E. Martinez-lapiscina et al., Mediterranean diet and the incidence of cardiovascular disease: A Spanish cohort, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, vol.21, issue.4, pp.237-281, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.10.005

M. Bibiloni, M. Martinez, E. Llull, R. Maffiotte, E. Riesco et al., Metabolic syndrome in adolescents in the Balearic Islands, a Mediterranean region, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, vol.21, issue.6, pp.446-54, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.11.008

M. Martinez-gonzalez, E. Fernandez-jarne, M. Serrano-martinez, A. Marti, J. Martinez et al., Mediterranean diet and reduction in the risk of a first acute myocardial infarction: an operational healthy dietary score, European Journal of Nutrition, vol.41, issue.4, pp.153-60, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00394-002-0370-6

G. Buckland, A. Agudo, L. Lujan, P. Jakszyn, H. Bueno-de-mesquita et al., Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.91, issue.2, pp.381-90, 2009.
DOI : 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28209

L. Vecchia, C. Bosetti, and C. , Diet and cancer risk in Mediterranean countries: open issues, Public Health Nutrition, vol.12, issue.8A, pp.1077-82, 2006.
DOI : 10.1017/S1368980007668475

E. Toledo, A. De, F. Carmona-torre, A. Alonso, B. Puchau et al., Hypothesis-oriented food patterns and incidence of hypertension: 6-year follow-up of the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) prospective cohort Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with lower abdominal adiposity in European men and women, Public Health Nutr. J Nutr, vol.13139, issue.39, pp.338-491728, 2009.

M. Yannakoulia, D. Panagiotakos, C. Pitsavos, Y. Lentzas, C. Chrysohoou et al., Five-year incidence of obesity and its determinants: the ATTICA Study, Public Health Nutrition, vol.51, issue.01, pp.36-43, 2008.
DOI : 10.2337/dc07-S042

M. Martinez-gonzalez, C. De-la-fuente-arrillaga, J. Nunez-cordoba, F. Basterra-gortari, J. Beunza et al., Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of developing diabetes: prospective cohort study, BMJ, vol.336, issue.7657, pp.1348-51, 2008.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.39561.501007.BE

T. Brown, Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research, 2006.

F. Hu, Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology, Current Opinion in Lipidology, vol.13, issue.1, pp.3-9, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00041433-200202000-00002

G. Bjelakovic, D. Nikolova, L. Gluud, R. Simonetti, and C. Gluud, Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, vol.3, p.7176, 2012.

J. Feinberg, E. Nielsen, S. Korang, K. Engell, M. Rasmussen et al., OR29: Nutrition Support in Hospitalised Adults at Nutritional Risk. A Cochrane Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis, Clinical Nutrition, vol.35
DOI : 10.1016/S0261-5614(16)30268-0

A. Avenell, T. Smith, J. Curtain, J. Mak, and P. Myint, Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, vol.11, p.1880, 2016.

J. Feinberg, E. Nielsen, C. Gluud, J. Lindschou, J. Kondrup et al., Nutrition support in hospitalised adults at nutritional risk (Protocol)

J. Blumberg, R. Heaney, M. Huncharek, T. Scholl, M. Stampfer et al., Evidence-based criteria in the nutritional context, Nutrition Reviews, vol.68, issue.8, pp.478-84, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00307.x

S. Timmers, E. Konings, L. Bilet, R. Houtkooper, T. Van-de-weijer et al., Calorie Restriction-like Effects of 30 Days of Resveratrol Supplementation on Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Profile in Obese Humans, Cell Metabolism, vol.14, issue.5, pp.612-634, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.10.002

B. Van-ommen, J. Bouwman, L. Dragsted, C. Drevon, R. Elliott et al., Challenges of molecular nutrition research 6: the nutritional phenotype database to store, share and evaluate nutritional systems biology studies, Genes & Nutrition, vol.135, issue.2, pp.189-203, 2010.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.6497

G. Fagherazzi, A. Vilier, S. Sartorelli, D. Lajous, M. Balkau et al., Consumption of artificially and sugar-sweetened beverages and incident type 2 diabetes in the Etude Epidemiologique aupres des femmes de la Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale-European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.97, issue.3, pp.517-540, 2013.
DOI : 10.3945/ajcn.112.050997

B. Van-ommen, S. Fairweather-tait, A. Freidig, A. Kardinaal, A. Scalbert et al., A network biology model of micronutrient related health, British Journal of Nutrition, vol.21, issue.S3, pp.72-80, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nrc2044

A. Fardet and Y. Boirie, Associations between food and beverage groups and major diet-related chronic diseases: an exhaustive review of pooled/meta-analyses and systematic reviews, Nutrition Reviews, vol.72, issue.12, pp.741-62, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/nure.12153

A. Fardet and Y. Boirie, Associations between diet-related diseases and impaired physiological mechanisms: a holistic approach based on meta-analyses to identify targets for preventive nutrition, Nutrition Reviews, vol.71, issue.10, pp.643-56, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/nure.12052

B. Morio, B. Comte, J. Martin, E. Chanseaume, M. Alligier et al., Metabolomics reveals differential metabolic adjustments of normal and overweight subjects during overfeeding, Metabolomics, vol.52, issue.2, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.01.002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01478075

D. Food and . U. Administration, Department of Health and Human Services Guidance for industry: oversight of clinical investigations, a risk based approach to monitoring, 2013.

A. European-medicines, Clinical trial regulation Available from: http, 2017.