"Letter to the editor" No more ? Editorial roles and models in the web era
Résumé
Ever since the invention of the web, it has been anticipated that the Internet would become the place where everyone could participate in building the global knowledge of tomorrow. However, the lack of technical ability has long prevented most people from producing online resources. Things are quickly changing now, as new tools like blogs or wikis give anyone the opportunity to become both a writer and an online editor; without having to deal with complicated client/server transfer protocols or to take encoding and mark-up languages into account. The latent desire for such collaborative publication spaces explains the success of projects like Wikipedia® and the exponential growth of weblogs.Nevertheless, merely providing adequate tools is not the main issue as far as online publishing is concerned. Recent hackers attacks against collaborative sites have shown that not all of us share the same views of a better tomorrow. Questions raised by Wikipedia® fans regarding regulation and means of preventing malevolent writers from interfering with their collaborative project, have shed light on an Internet specific practice: the massive use of pseudos behind which anyone can hide. To whom may one turn when authoring and editing responsibilities can no longer be clearly read from the traditional masthead but often have to be deciphered through anonymous web pages.Our aim, in this paper, is not to address the numerous potential misuses of totally anonymous a media sphere, but to show that new authority markers emerge on the web. Markers that one must learn to look for, in order to measure the credibility of a web site. Having put our focus on the editing world, it seemed logical for us to initiate our investigations with actors from the paper industry, having to adapt their practices to new contexts. We then chose to study two ambitious projects especially conceived for the web by newcomers but having strong links with emblematic realizations in terms of publication and knowledge diffusion: that is the encyclopaedia and the newspapers.
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