Studies on tetrafluoropropene-CO$_{2}$ based gas mixtures for the resistive plate chambers of the ALICE Muon IDentifier
Résumé
Due to their simplicity and comparatively low cost, Resistive Plate Chambers are gaseous detectors widely used in high-energy and cosmic rays physics when large detection areas are needed. However, the best gaseous mixtures are currently based on tetrafluoroethane, which has the undesirable characteristic of a large Global Warming Potential (GWP) of about 1400 and because of this, it is currently being phased out from industrial use. As a possible replacement, tetrafluoropropene (which has a GWP close to 1) has been taken into account.Since tetrafluoropropene is more electronegative than tetrafluoroethane, it has to be diluted with gases with a lower attachment coefficient in order to maintain the operating voltage close to 10 kV. One of the main candidates for this role is carbon dioxide. In order to ascertain the feasibility and the performance of tetrafluoropropene-CO$_{2}$ based mixtures, an R&D program is being carried out in the ALICE collaboration, which employs an array of 72 Bakelite RPCs (Muon Identifier, MID) to identify muons. Different proportions of tetrafluoropropene and CO$_{2}$, with the addition of small quantities of isobutane and sulphur hexafluoride, have been tested with 50 × 50 cm$^{2}$ RPC prototypes with 2 mm wide gas gap and 2 mm thick Bakelite electrodes.In the presentation, results from tests with cosmic rays will be presented, together with data concerning the current drawn by a RPC exposed to the gamma-ray flux of the Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF) at CERN.
Mots clés
Counting gases and liquids
Gaseous detectors
Detector design and construction technologies and materials
Heavy-ion detectors
gamma ray: irradiation
resistive plate chamber
muon: spectrometer
gas: admixture
ALICE
performance
carbon: oxygen
carbon: fluorine
carbon: hydrogen
sulfur: fluorine
electrode
cosmic radiation