High frequency measurements of CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a temperate peatland dominated by Molinia caerulea (La Guette, France)
Résumé
Peatlands act as a powerful carbon (C) sink. This specificity results from their particular environment, composed of Shagnum mosses, and the acidic state of the soil combined with a high water saturation that strongly limit organic matter decomposition. Future natural and anthropogenic global changes are expected to modify peatlands functioning and their species composition, which could reverse their valuable role in C sequestration and thus in climate change mitigation. However, the response of peatlands to these biotic changes, and thus the variability of greenhouse gas fluxes, remains poorly characterized and understood. We investigated CO2 and CH4 emissions in the La Guette peatland, an acidic fen located in the center of France, thanks to an Eddy-covariance station that was installed in the ecosystem in early 2017. In addition, this site is applying for the ICOS network labelling as an associated site, and follows the ICOS recommendations. Our main concern is that La Guette peatland is submitted to a strong domination by a herbaceous plant, Molinia caerulea, and a ericaceous shrub, Erica tetralix, which are suspected to modify the C dynamic of the ecosystem. From January 2017 to September 2019, CO2 and CH4 fluxes to the atmosphere ranged from to -19.46 to 19.73 µmol m-2 s-1 and from -0.12 to 0.42 µmol m-2 s-1, respectively. Mean CO2 flux for 2017, 2018 and 2019 were respectively 1.13, 1.08 and 0.44 µmol m-2 s-1. Carbon balance of the ecosystem since the beginning of 2017 has been evaluated to 982 gC m-², suggesting that the peatland acted as a source of C over these three last years. In a larger scale, this Eddy covariance station is a part of a French Peatland Observatory Service, and is included in a network of three tower fluxes deployed in three contrasted French peatlands. In the long term, this Eddy-covariance network will provide important data that will help to understand the evolution of the C balance in temperate peatlands with global changes.