Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Bin Zhou , Rodrigo Carrillo-Larco , Goodarz Danaei , Leanne Riley , Christopher Paciorek , Gretchen Stevens , Edward Gregg , James Bennett , Bethlehem Solomon , Rosie Singleton , Marisa Sophiea , Maria Lc Iurilli , Victor Pf Lhoste , Melanie Cowan , Stefan Savin , Mark Woodward , Yulia Balanova , Renata Cifkova , Albertino Damasceno , Paul Elliott , Farshad Farzadfar , Jiang He , Nayu Ikeda , Andre Kengne , Young-Ho Khang , Hyeon Chang Kim , Avula Laxmaiah , Hsien-Ho Lin , Paula Margozzini Maira , J Jaime Miranda , Hannelore Neuhauser , Johan Sundström , Cherian Varghese , Indah Widyahening , Tomasz Zdrojewski , Leandra Abarca-Gómez , Ziad Abdeen , Hanan Abdul Rahim , Niveen Abu-Rmeileh , Benjamin Acosta-Cazares , Robert Adams , Wichai Aekplakorn , Kaosar Afsana , Shoaib Afzal , Imelda Agdeppa , Javad Aghazadeh-Attari , Carlos Aguilar-Salinas , Charles Agyemang , Noor Ani Ahmad , Ali Ahmadi , Naser Ahmadi , Nastaran Ahmadi , Fariba Ahmadizar , Soheir Ahmed , Wolfgang Ahrens , Kamel Ajlouni , Rajaa Al-Raddadi , Monira Alarouj , Fadia Albuhairan , Shahla Aldhukair , Mohamed Ali , Abdullah Alkandari , Ala'A Alkerwi , Kristine Allin , Eman Aly , Deepak Amarapurkar , Norbert Amougou (1) , Philippe Amouyel (2) , Lars Bo Andersen , Sigmund Anderssen , Ranjit Mohan Anjana , Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam , Daniel Ansong , Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri , Joana Araújo , Inger Ariansen , Tahir Aris , Raphael Arku , Nimmathota Arlappa , Krishna Aryal , Thor Aspelund , Felix Assah , Maria Cecília F Assunção , Juha Auvinen , Mária Avdićová , Ana Azevedo , Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad , Fereidoun Azizi , Mehrdad Azmin , Bontha Babu , Suhad Bahijri , Nagalla Balakrishna , Mohamed Bamoshmoosh , Maciej Banach , Maja Banadinović , Piotr Bandosz , José Banegas , Joanna Baran , Carlo Barbagallo , Alberto Barceló , Amina Barkat , Marta Barreto , Aluisio Jd Barros , Mauro Virgílio Gomes Barros , Anna Bartosiewicz , Abdul Basit , Joao Luiz D Bastos , Iqbal Bata , Anwar Batieha , Assembekov Batyrbek , Louise Baur , Robert Beaglehole , Antonisamy Belavendra , Habiba Ben Romdhane , Mikhail Benet , Lowell Benson , Salim Berkinbayev , Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz , Gailute Bernotiene , Heloísa Bettiol , Jorge Bezerra , Aroor Bhagyalaxmi , Santosh Bhargava , Daniel Bia , Katia Biasch , Elysée Claude Bika Lele , Mukharram Bikbov , Bihungum Bista , Peter Bjerregaard , Espen Bjertness , Marius Bjertness , Cecilia Björkelund , Katia Bloch , Anneke Blokstra , Simona Bo , Martin Bobak , Heiner Boeing , Jose Boggia , Carlos Boissonnet , Stig Bojesen , Vanina Bongard , Alice Bonilla-Vargas , Matthias Bopp , Herman Borghs , Pascal Bovet , Christopher Boyer , Lutgart Braeckman , Imperia Brajkovich , Francesco Branca , Juergen Breckenkamp , Hermann Brenner , Lizzy Brewster , Yajaira Briceño , Miguel Brito , Graziella Bruno , H Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita , Gloria Bueno , Anna Bugge , Con Burns , Michael Bursztyn , Antonio Cabrera de León , Joseph Cacciottolo , Christine Cameron , Günay Can , Ana Paula C Cândido , Mario Capanzana , Naděžda Čapková , Eduardo Capuano , Vincenzo Capuano , Viviane Cardoso , Axel Carlsson , Joana Carvalho , Felipe Casanueva , Laura Censi , Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza , Charalambos Chadjigeorgiou , Snehalatha Chamukuttan , Angelique Chan , Queenie Chan , Himanshu Chaturvedi , Nish Chaturvedi , Miao Li Chee , Chien-Jen Chen , Fangfang Chen , Huashuai Chen , Shuohua Chen , Zhengming Chen , Ching-Yu Cheng , Bahman Cheraghian , Imane Cherkaoui Dekkaki , Angela Chetrit , Kuo-Liong Chien , Arnaud Chiolero , Shu-Ti Chiou , Adela Chirita-Emandi , María-Dolores Chirlaque , Belong Cho , Kaare Christensen , Diego Christofaro , Jerzy Chudek , Eliza Cinteza , Frank Claessens , Janine Clarke , Els Clays , Emmanuel Cohen (1) , Hans Concin , Cyrus Cooper , Tara Coppinger , Simona Costanzo , Dominique Cottel (2) , Chris Cowell , Cora Craig , Amelia Crampin , Ana Crujeiras , Juan Cruz , Semánová Csilla , Liufu Cui , Felipe Cureau , Sarah Cuschieri , Graziella d'Arrigo , Eleonora d'Orsi , Jean Dallongeville (2) , Rachel Dankner , Thomas Dantoft , Luc Dauchet (2) , Kairat Davletov , Guy de Backer , Dirk de Bacquer , Amalia de Curtis , Giovanni de Gaetano , Stefaan de Henauw , Paula Duarte de Oliveira , David de Ridder , Delphine de Smedt , Mohan Deepa , Alexander Deev , Vincent Jr Degennaro , Hélène Delisle , Stefaan Demarest , Elaine Dennison , Valérie Deschamps , Meghnath Dhimal , Augusto Di Castelnuovo , Juvenal Soares Dias-Da-Costa , Alejandro Diaz , Ty Dickerson , Zivka Dika , Shirin Djalalinia , Ha Tp Do , Annette Dobson , Chiara Donfrancesco , Silvana Donoso , Angela Döring , Maria Dorobantu , Marcus Dörr , Kouamelan Doua , Nico Dragano , Wojciech Drygas , Charmaine Duante , Priscilla Duboz , Rosemary Duda , Virginija Dulskiene , Anar Dushpanova , Aleksandar Džakula , Vilnis Dzerve , Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk , Ricky Eddie , Ebrahim Eftekhar , Robert Eggertsen , Sareh Eghtesad , Gabriele Eiben , Ulf Ekelund , Mohammad El-Khateeb , Jalila El Ati , Denise Eldemire-Shearer , Marie Eliasen , Roberto Elosua , Rajiv Erasmus , Raimund Erbel , Cihangir Erem , Louise Eriksen , Johan Eriksson , Jorge Escobedo-de La Peña , Saeid Eslami , Ali Esmaeili , Alun Evans , David Faeh , Albina Fakhretdinova , Caroline Fall , Elnaz Faramarzi , Mojtaba Farjam , Mohammad Reza Fattahi , Asher Fawwad , Francisco Felix-Redondo , Stephan Felix , Trevor Ferguson , Romulo Fernandes , Daniel Fernández-Bergés , Daniel Ferrante , Thomas Ferrao , Marika Ferrari , Marco Ferrario , Catterina Ferreccio , Haroldo Ferreira , Eldridge Ferrer , Jean Ferrieres , Thamara Hubler Figueiró , Günther Fink , Krista Fischer , Leng Huat Foo , Maria Forsner , Heba Fouad , Damian Francis , Maria Do Carmo Franco , Ruth Frikke-Schmidt , Guillermo Frontera , Flavio Fuchs , Sandra Fuchs , Yuki Fujita , Matsuda Fumihiko , Viktoriya Furdela , Ariel Furer , Takuro Furusawa , Zbigniew Gaciong , Andrzej Galbarczyk , Henrike Galenkamp , Fabio Galvano , Jingli Gao , Pei Gao , Manoli Garcia-De-La-Hera , Pablo Garcia , Dickman Gareta , Sarah Garnett , Jean-Michel Gaspoz , Magda Gasull , Andrea Gazzinelli , Ulrike Gehring , Johanna Geleijnse , Ronnie George , Ali Ghanbari , Erfan Ghasemi , Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea , Anup Ghimire , Alessandro Gialluisi , Simona Giampaoli , Christian Gieger , Tiffany Gill , Jonathan Giovannelli , Glen Gironella , Aleksander Giwercman , Konstantinos Gkiouras , Marcel Goldberg (3, 4) , Rebecca Goldsmith , Luis Gomez , Aleksandra Gomula , Helen Gonçalves , Mauer Gonçalves , Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva , David Gonzalez-Chica , Marcela Gonzalez-Gross , Juan González-Rivas , Clicerio González-Villalpando , María-Elena González-Villalpando , Angel Gonzalez , Mariano Bonet Gorbea , Frederic Gottrand , Sidsel Graff-Iversen , Dušan Grafnetter , Aneta Grajda , Maria Grammatikopoulou , Ronald Gregor , Tomasz Grodzicki , Giuseppe Grosso , Gabriella Gruden , Dongfeng Gu , Ong Peng Guan , Elias Gudmundsson , Vilmundur Gudnason , Ramiro Guerrero , Idris Guessous , Andre Guimaraes , Martin Gulliford , Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir , Marc Gunter , Prakash Gupta , Rajeev Gupta , Oye Gureje , Beata Gurzkowska , Laura Gutierrez , Felix Gutzwiller , Seongjun Ha , Farzad Hadaegh , Rosa Haghshenas , Hamid Hakimi , Jytte Halkjær , Ian Hambleton , Behrooz Hamzeh , Dominique Hange , Abu Am Hanif , Sari Hantunen , Jie Hao , Carla Menêses Hardman , Rachakulla Hari Kumar , Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri , Jun Hata , Teresa Haugsgjerd , Alison Hayes , Yuna He , Margit Heier , Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks , Rafael dos Santos Henrique , Ana Henriques , Leticia Hernandez Cadena , Dr Herqutanto (5) , Sauli Herrala , Ramin Heshmat , Allan Hill , Sai Yin Ho , Suzanne Ho , Michael Hobbs , Michelle Holdsworth (6) , Reza Homayounfar , Gonul Horasan Dinc , Andrea Rvr Horimoto , Claudia Hormiga , Bernardo Horta , Leila Houti , Christina Howitt , Thein Thein Htay , Aung Soe Htet , Maung Maung Than Htike , Yonghua Hu , José María Huerta , Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi , Laetitia Huiart , Martijn Huisman , Abdullatif Husseini , Inge Huybrechts , Nahla Hwalla , Licia Iacoviello , Anna Iannone , Mohsen Ibrahim , Norazizah Ibrahim Wong , M Arfan Ikram , Violeta Iotova , Vilma Irazola , Takafumi Ishida , Godsent Isiguzo , Muhammad Islam , Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam , Masanori Iwasaki , Rod Jackson , Jeremy Jacobs , Hashem Jaddou , Tazeen Jafar , Kenneth James , Konrad Jamrozik , Imre Janszky , Edward Janus , Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin , Grazyna Jasienska , Ana Jelaković , Bojan Jelaković , Garry Jennings , Anjani Kumar Jha , Chao Qiang Jiang , Ramon Jimenez , Karl-Heinz Jöckel , Michel Joffres , Mattias Johansson , Jari Jokelainen , Jost Jonas , Torben Jørgensen , Pradeep Joshi , Farahnaz Joukar , Jacek Jóżwiak , Anne Juolevi , Gregor Jurak , Vesna Jureša , Rudolf Kaaks , Anthony Kafatos , Eero Kajantie , Zhanna Kalmatayeva , Natasa Kalpourtzi , Ofra Kalter-Leibovici , Freja Kampmann , Srinivasan Kannan , Eva Karaglani , Line Kårhus , Khem Karki , Marzieh Katibeh , Joanne Katz , Jussi Kauhanen , Prabhdeep Kaur , Maryam Kavousi , Gyulli Kazakbaeva , Ulrich Keil , Lital Keinan Boker , Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi , Roya Kelishadi , Han Cg Kemper , Maryam Keramati , Alina Kerimkulova , Mathilde Kersting , Timothy Key , Yousef Saleh Khader , Davood Khalili , Kay-Tee Khaw , Bahareh Kheiri , Motahareh Kheradmand , Alireza Khosravi , Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer , Stefan Kiechl , Japhet Killewo , Dong Wook Kim , Jeongseon Kim , Heidi Klakk , Magdalena Klimek , Jurate Klumbiene , Michael Knoflach , Elin Kolle , Patrick Kolsteren , Jukka Kontto , Raija Korpelainen , Paul Korrovits , Jelena Kos , Seppo Koskinen , Katsuyasu Kouda , Sudhir Kowlessur , Slawomir Koziel , Jana Kratenova , Vilma Kriaucioniene , Peter Lund Kristensen , Steiner Krokstad , Daan Kromhout , Herculina Kruger , Ruzena Kubinova , Renata Kuciene , Urho Kujala , Zbigniew Kulaga , R Krishna Kumar , Pawel Kurjata , Yadlapalli Kusuma , Vladimir Kutsenko , Kari Kuulasmaa , Catherine Kyobutungi , Tiina Laatikainen , Carl Lachat , Youcef Laid , Tai Hing Lam , Orlando Landrove , Vera Lanska , Georg Lappas , Bagher Larijani , Tint Swe Latt , Gwenaëlle Le Coroller , Khanh Le Nguyen Bao , Tuyen Le , Jeannette Lee , Jeonghee Lee , Nils Lehmann , Terho Lehtimäki , Daniel Lemogoum , Naomi Levitt , Yanping Li , Christa Lilly , Wei-Yen Lim , M Fernanda Lima-Costa , Xu Lin , Yi-Ting Lin , Lars Lind , Vijaya Lingam , Allan Linneberg , Lauren Lissner , Mieczyslaw Litwin , Wei-Cheng Lo , Helle-Mai Loit , Esther Lopez-Garcia , Tania Lopez , Paulo Lotufo , José Eugenio Lozano , Iva Lukačević Lovrenčić , Janice Lukrafka , Dalia Luksiene , Annamari Lundqvist , Robert Lundqvist , Nuno Lunet , Michala Lustigová , Edyta Luszczki , Guansheng Ma , Jun Ma , George Ll Machado-Coelho , Aristides Machado-Rodrigues , Enguerran Macia , Luisa Macieira , Ahmed Madar , Stefania Maggi , Dianna Magliano , Emmanuella Magriplis , Gowri Mahasampath , Bernard Maire , Marjeta Majer , Marcia Makdisse , Fatemeh Malekzadeh , Reza Malekzadeh , Rahul Malhotra , Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao , Sofia Malyutina , Lynell Maniego , Yannis Manios , Jim Mann , Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei , Enzo Manzato , Anie Marcil , Staffan Mårild , Mihalea Marinović Glavić , Pedro Marques-Vidal , Larissa Pruner Marques , Jaume Marrugat , Reynaldo Martorell , Luis Mascarenhas , Marija Matasin , Ellisiv Mathiesen , Prashant Mathur , Alicia Matijasevich , Piotr Matlosz , Tandi Matsha , Christina Mavrogianni , Jean Claude N Mbanya , Anselmo Mc Donald Posso , Shelly Mcfarlane , Stephen Mcgarvey , Stela Mclachlan , Rachael Mclean , Scott Mclean , Breige Mcnulty , Sounnia Mediene Benchekor , Jurate Medzioniene , Parinaz Mehdipour , Kirsten Mehlig , Amir Houshang Mehrparvar , Aline Meirhaeghe (2) , Christa Meisinger , Carlos Mendoza Montano , Ana Maria B Menezes , Geetha Menon , Alibek Mereke , Indrapal Meshram , Andres Metspalu , Haakon Meyer , Jie Mi , Nathalie Michels , Kairit Mikkel , Karolina Milkowska , Jody Miller , Cláudia Minderico , Gk Mini , Mohammad Reza Mirjalili , Erkin Mirrakhimov , Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković , Pietro Modesti , Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam , Bahram Mohajer , Mostafa Mohamed , Shukri Mohamed , Kazem Mohammad , Mohammad Reza Mohammadi , Zahra Mohammadi , Noushin Mohammadifard , Reza Mohammadpourhodki , Viswanathan Mohan , Salim Mohanna , Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff , Iraj Mohebbi , Farnam Mohebi , Marie Moitry , Line Møllehave , Dénes Molnár , Amirabbas Momenan , Charles Mondo , Eric Monterrubio-Flores , Kotsedi Daniel K Monyeki , Jin Soo Moon , Mahmood Moosazadeh , Leila Moreira , Alain Morejon , Luis Moreno , Karen Morgan , George Moschonis , Malgorzata Mossakowska , Aya Mostafa , Seyed-Ali Mostafavi , Jorge Mota , Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh , Jorge Motta , Marcos André Moura-Dos-Santos , Malay Mridha , Kelias Msyamboza , Thet Thet Mu , Alfa Muhihi , Maria Muiesan , Martina Müller-Nurasyid , Neil Murphy , Jaakko Mursu , Kamarul Imran Musa , Sanja Musić Milanović , Vera Musil , Norlaila Mustafa , Iraj Nabipour , Shohreh Naderimagham , Gabriele Nagel , Balkish Naidu , Farid Najafi , Harunobu Nakamura , Jana Námešná , Ei Ei K Nang , Vinay Nangia , Sameer Narake , Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye , William Neal , Azim Nejatizadeh , Ilona Nenko , Martin Neovius , Chung Nguyen , Nguyen Nguyen , Quang Nguyen , Quang Ngoc Nguyen , Ramfis Nieto-Martínez , Teemu Niiranen , Yury Nikitin , Toshiharu Ninomiya , Sania Nishtar , Marina Njelekela , Marianna Noale , Oscar Noboa , Ahmad Ali Noorbala , Teresa Norat , Maria Nordendahl , Børge Nordestgaard , Davide Noto , Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska , Mohannad Al Nsour , Baltazar Nunes , Terence O'Neill , Dermot O'Reilly , Caleb Ochimana , Eiji Oda , Augustine Odili , Kyungwon Oh , Kumiko Ohara , Ryutaro Ohtsuka , Valérie Olié , Maria Teresa A Olinto , Isabel Oliveira , Mohd Azahadi Omar , Altan Onat , Sok King Ong , Lariane Ono , Pedro Ordunez , Rui Ornelas , Pedro Ortiz , Clive Osmond , Sergej Ostojic , Afshin Ostovar , Johanna Otero , Kim Overvad , Ellis Owusu-Dabo , Fred Michel Paccaud , Cristina Padez , Elena Pahomova , Karina Mary De Paiva , Andrzej Pająk , Domenico Palli , Luigi Palmieri , Wen-Harn Pan , Songhomitra Panda-Jonas , Francesco Panza , Mariela Paoli , Dimitrios Papandreou , Soon-Woo Park , Suyeon Park , Winsome Parnell , Mahboubeh Parsaeian , Patrick Pasquet (1) , Nikhil Patel , Halyna Pavlyshyn , Ivan Pećin , Mangesh Pednekar , João Pedro , Nasheeta Peer , Sergio Viana Peixoto , Markku Peltonen , Alexandre Pereira , Karen Gda Peres , Marco Peres , Annette Peters , Janina Petkeviciene , Niloofar Peykari , Son Thai Pham , Rafael Pichardo , Iris Pigeot , Hynek Pikhart , Aida Pilav , Lorenza Pilotto , Freda Pitakaka , Aleksandra Piwonska , Andreia Pizarro , Pedro Plans-Rubió , Ozren Polašek , Miquel Porta , Anil Poudyal , Farhad Pourfarzi , Akram Pourshams , Hossein Poustchi , Rajendra Pradeepa , Alison Price , Jacqueline Price , Rui Providencia , Soile Puhakka , Maria Puiu , Margus Punab , Radwan Qasrawi , Mostafa Qorbani , Daniel Queiroz , Tran Quoc Bao , Ivana Radić , Ricardas Radisauskas , Salar Rahimikazerooni , Mahfuzar Rahman , Olli Raitakari , Manu Raj , Ellina Rakhimova , Sudha Ramachandra Rao , Ambady Ramachandran , Elisabete Ramos , Lekhraj Rampal , Sanjay Rampal , Daniel Rangel Reina , Vayia Rarra , Cassiano Ricardo Rech , Josep Redon , Paul Ferdinand M Reganit , Valéria Regecová , Luis Revilla , Abbas Rezaianzadeh , Robespierre Ribeiro , Elio Riboli , Adrian Richter , Fernando Rigo , Tobias Rinke de Wit , Raphael Ritti-Dias , Cynthia Robitaille , Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo , María del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez , Laura Rodríguez-Villamizar , Ulla Roggenbuck , Rosalba Rojas-Martinez , Dora Romaguera , Elisabetta Romeo , Annika Rosengren , Joel Gr Roy , Adolfo Rubinstein , Jean-Bernard Ruidavets , Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt , Maria Ruiz-Castell , Iuliia Rusakova , Paola Russo , Marcin Rutkowski , Charumathi Sabanayagam , Hamideh Sabbaghi , Harshpal Sachdev , Alireza Sadjadi , Ali Reza Safarpour , Sare Safi , Saeid Safiri , Olfa Saidi , Sibel Sakarya , Nader Saki , Benoit Salanave , Eduardo Salazar Martinez , Diego Salmerón , Veikko Salomaa , Jukka Salonen , Massimo Salvetti , Jose Sánchez-Abanto , Susana Sans , Diana Santos , Ina Santos , Lèlita Santos , Maria Paula Santos , Rute Santos , Jouko Saramies , Luis Sardinha , Giselle Sarganas , Nizal Sarrafzadegan , Thirunavukkarasu Sathish , Kai-Uwe Saum , Savvas Savva , Norie Sawada , Mariana Sbaraini , Marcia Scazufca , Beatriz Schaan , Herman Schargrodsky , Sabine Schipf , Carsten Schmidt , Peter Schnohr , Ben Schöttker , Sara Schramm , Constance Schultsz , Aletta Schutte , Sylvain Sebert , Aye Aye Sein , Abhijit Sen , Idowu Senbanjo , Sadaf Sepanlou , Jennifer Servais , Svetlana Shalnova , Teresa Shamah-Levy , Morteza Shamshirgaran , Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani , Maryam Sharafkhah , Sanjib Sharma , Jonathan Shaw , Amaneh Shayanrad , Ali Akbar Shayesteh , Zumin Shi , Kenji Shibuya , Hana Shimizu-Furusawa , Dong Wook Shin , Majid Shirani , Rahman Shiri , Namuna Shrestha , Khairil Si-Ramlee , Alfonso Siani , Rosalynn Siantar , Abla Sibai , Caroline Ramos de Moura Silva , Diego Augusto Santos Silva , Mary Simon , Judith Simons , Leon Simons , Michael Sjöström , Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer , Przemyslaw Slusarczyk , Liam Smeeth , Hung-Kwan So , Fernanda Cunha Soares , Eugène Sobngwi , Stefan Söderberg , Agustinus Soemantri , Reecha Sofat , Vincenzo Solfrizzi , Mohammad Hossein Somi , Emily Sonestedt , Yi Song , Thorkild Ia Sørensen , Elin Sørgjerd , Maroje Sorić , Charles Sossa Jérome , Aïcha Soumaré , Bente Sparboe-Nilsen , Karen Sparrenberger , Jan Staessen , Gregor Starc , Bill Stavreski , Jostein Steene-Johannessen , Peter Stehle , Aryeh Stein , George Stergiou , Jochanan Stessman , Jutta Stieber , Doris Stöckl , Tanja Stocks , Jakub Stokwiszewski , Karien Stronks , Maria Wany Strufaldi , Machi Suka , Chien-An Sun , Yn-Tz Sung , Paibul Suriyawongpaisal , Rody Sy , Holly Syddall , René Charles Sylva , Moyses Szklo , E Shyong Tai , Mari-Liis Tammesoo , Abdonas Tamosiunas , Eng Joo Tan , Xun Tang , Frank Tanser , Yong Tao , Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh , Carolina Tarqui-Mamani , Anne Taylor , Julie Taylor , William Tebar , Grethe Tell , Tania Tello , Yih Chung Tham , Kr Thankappan , Holger Theobald , Xenophon Theodoridis , Lutgarde Thijs , Mikael Thinggaard , Nihal Thomas , Barbara Thorand , Betina Thuesen , Erik Timmermans , Dwi Tjandrarini , Anne Tjonneland , Ulla Toft , Hanna Tolonen , Janne Tolstrup , Murat Topbas , Roman Topór-Madry , María José Tormo , Michael Tornaritis , Maties Torrent , Laura Torres-Collado , Giota Touloumi , Pierre Traissac (6) , Areti Triantafyllou , Dimitrios Trichopoulos , Antonia Trichopoulou , Oanh Th Trinh , Atul Trivedi , Lechaba Tshepo , Shoichiro Tsugane , Azaliia Tuliakova , Marshall Tulloch-Reid , Fikru Tullu , Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen , Jaakko Tuomilehto , Maria Turley , Gilad Twig , Per Tynelius , Christophe Tzourio , Peter Ueda , Eunice Ugel , Hanno Ulmer , Hannu Mt Uusitalo , Gonzalo Valdivia , Damaskini Valvi , Rob van Dam , Bert-Jan van den Born , Johan van Der Heyden , Yvonne van Der Schouw , Koen van Herck , Hoang van Minh , Natasja van Schoor , Irene Gm van Valkengoed , Elisabeth van Zutphen , Dirk Vanderschueren , Diego Vanuzzo , Anette Varbo , Senthil Vasan , Tomas Vega , Toomas Veidebaum , Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez , Giovanni Veronesi , Wm Monique Verschuren , Roosmarijn Verstraeten , Cesar Victora , Lucie Viet , Salvador Villalpando , Paolo Vineis , Jesus Vioque , Jyrki Virtanen , Sophie Visvikis-Siest (7) , Bharathi Viswanathan , Tiina Vlasoff , Peter Vollenweider , Ari Voutilainen , Alisha Wade , Janette Walton , Elvis Oa Wambiya , Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar , Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud , Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior , Ming-Dong Wang , Ningli Wang , Qian Wang , Xiangjun Wang , Ya Xing Wang , Ying-Wei Wang , S Goya Wannamethee , Nicholas Wareham , Wenbin Wei , Aneta Weres , Bo Werner , Peter Whincup , Kurt Widhalm , Andrzej Wiecek , Rainford Wilks , Johann Willeit , Peter Willeit , Emmanuel Williams , Tom Wilsgaard , Bogdan Wojtyniak , Roy Wong-Mcclure , Andrew Wong , Tien Yin Wong , Jean Woo , Frederick Wu , Shouling Wu , Justyna Wyszynska , Haiquan Xu , Liang Xu , Nor Azwany Yaacob , Weili Yan , Ling Yang , Xiaoguang Yang , Yang Yang , Tabara Yasuharu , Xingwang Ye , Panayiotis Yiallouros , Moein Yoosefi , Akihiro Yoshihara , San-Lin You , Novie Younger-Coleman , Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff , Ahmad Zainuddin , Seyed Rasoul Zakavi , Farhad Zamani , Sabina Zambon , Antonis Zampelas , Maria Elisa Zapata , Ko Ko Zaw , Kristyna Zejglicova , Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic , Yi Zeng , Luxia Zhang , Zhen-Yu Zhang , Dong Zhao , Ming-Hui Zhao , Shiqi Zhen , Yingfeng Zheng , Bekbolat Zholdin , Dan Zhu , Marie Zins (3, 4) , Emanuel Zitt , Yanina Zocalo , Nada Zoghlami , Julio Zuñiga Cisneros , Majid Ezzati

1 EA - Éco-Anthropologie
2 RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167
3 CONSTANCES - Cohortes épidémiologiques en population
4 UPCité - Université Paris Cité
5 UI - Universitas Indonesia
6 UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences)
7 IGE-PCV - Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire

BACKGROUND - Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS - We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS - The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION - Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings.

Domaines: Sciences de l'environnement; Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]

Bin Zhou, Rodrigo Carrillo-Larco, Goodarz Danaei, Leanne Riley, Christopher Paciorek, et al.. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. The Lancet, 2021, 398 (10304), pp.957-980. ⟨10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01330-1⟩. ⟨hal-03455715⟩