Multiple tectonic-magmatic Mo-enrichment events in Yuleken porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, NW China and its’ implications for the formation of giant porphyry Mo deposit

Tao Hong (1, 2, 3, 4) , David Dolejš (4) , Ming-Guo Zhai (3, 5, 6) , Oscar Laurent (7, 8) , Xing-Wang Xu (3, 6, 9) , Jun Gao (3, 6, 9) , Kateřina Schlöglová (4) , Yue-Jun Wang (1, 2)

1 SYSU - Sun Yat-sen University [Guangzhou]
2 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory
3 IGG - Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing]
4 University of Freiburg [Freiburg]
5 College of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Beijing]
6 CAS - Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing]
7 GET - Géosciences Environnement Toulouse
8 Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology [ETH Zürich]
9 UCAS - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing]

The Yuleken porphyry Cu-Mo deposit located in the Chinese Altay-East Junggar, a section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, the world's largest Phanerozoic subduction-accretionary orogen, witnessed the multistage tectonic-magmatic evolution and mineralization from arc to syn- and post-collision environment over a time span of about 52 Ma. Four types of molybdenite have been distinguished: (1) primary magmatic-hydrothermal, undeformed molybdenite in porphyry, (2) recrystallized molybdenite associated with ductile deformation, (3) recrystallized, intrafoliational molybdenite, and (4) fracture-related hydrothermal molybdenite, and these are characterized by decreasing Re abundances from magmatic to hydrothermal conditions. Individual molybdenite types are non-stoichiometric and exhibit the following negative correlation between the Mo and Re contents: Re (apfu) = −0.0026 Mo (apfu) + 0.00268. This trend reflects successive stages of tectonic-hydrothermal events from a magmatic island-arc to a post-collisional setting. These repetitive mineralization events produced Mo enrichment and higher overall Mo grade of the Yuleken deposit, and are recorded in progressively decreasing Re concentrations in molybdenite. Statistical evaluation of Mo and Re abundances in giant to small porphyry deposits worldwide also indicates that decreasing Re in molybdenite will lead to lower overall Re resource (in a single deposit) and to greater overall Mo resource (in the same deposit). Multiple mineralization processes related to repetitive tectonomagmatic episodes in large porphyry Mo deposits that display Re depletion in molybdenite suggest that reworking of mantle-derived porphyry systems by successive events of crustal growth may be the responsible for Mo enrichment and higher overall Mo ore grade, and eventually produce giant porphyry molybdenum deposits.

Mots clés: Porphyry deposits; Re-Mo Molybdenite; Trace elements; Multiple Mo enrichment

Domaines: Sciences de la Terre; Géochimie; Pétrographie; Volcanologie

Tao Hong, David Dolejš, Ming-Guo Zhai, Oscar Laurent, Xing-Wang Xu, et al.. Multiple tectonic-magmatic Mo-enrichment events in Yuleken porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, NW China and its’ implications for the formation of giant porphyry Mo deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 2021, 139 (Part A), pp.104401. ⟨10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104401⟩. ⟨hal-03436645⟩