Zebrafish model to assess ecotoxicological impacts of cosmetic products preservatives: case of parabens and their substitutes
Résumé
Parabens were widely used as preservatives and antimicrobial agents in most personal care products (PCPs). Because of their ubiquitous presence in surface waters worldwide, and their potentially negative effect as endocrine disruptors on aquatic ecosystems, these molecules raise increasing concern. Following Darbre et al publication in 2004, which established a potential link between parabens and breast cancer, consumers' increasing awareness prompted cosmetic industry to seek alternatives to parabens by developing "paraben free" or "organic" products in the formulations, processes and packaging. Key unresolved issues include the identification of the products which should be substituted, and their replacement by other potentially harmful substances. The objectives of our studies were (i) to determine which chemicals replace parabens; and (ii) to evaluate the toxicity of these molecules on the development and the behavior of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. The use of zebrafish larvae is a promising and robust tool to assess toxicological impacts of parabens and their substitutes in the environment. In particular, this model could enable to generate valuable data on cocktail effects, which remain to date poorly documented in environmental conditions.
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