Deliverable D.6.1 Impact Evaluation Methodology - Project PIONEERS - Protective Innovations of New Equipment for Enhanced Rider Safety
Résumé
The main goal of the PIONEERS project is to improve the safety of Powered-Two-Wheelers by providing an integrated approach to rider protection considering on-rider (Personal Protective Equipment) and on-board systems. The four main pillars that have been built inside the PIONEERS project regarding the figure of the PTW rider are: To achieve a deep understanding of the injuries sustained by the riders, To increase the performance of safety systems, To develop better test and assessment methods, To increase the awareness and the usage rate of PPE. The implementation of the PIONEERS' main results will contribute to reducing PTW fatalities up to 25% in 2025 and injuries by defining test methods to develop protective systems and on-board systems to reduce impact severity. The development of new testing methods and products will strengthen European leadership in the PTW industry. In order to assess if this major conclusion of the PIONEERS project is being fulfilled and to quantify the benefit that has been achieved from the completion of the activities specified in the previously-mentioned pillars, an Impact Evaluation methodology has been developed in this document. By performing an extensive literature review and adapting the achieved results to the scope of the PIONEERS project, a methodology to assess both the Economical and Safety Benefits of the proposed PTW safety countermeasures (that have been developed in PIONEERS) has been elaborated. The methodology that has been developed to evaluate the economic benefits is based on the outcome of the SafetyCube project (SafetyCube). In the PIONEERS project, measures which will be evaluated concern the reduction of casualties and are the following: Motorcycle leg protector, Scooter leg protector, Airbag jacket, PTW-PPE communication system, PreCrash Braking System. The selected horizon considered in the study is of 10 years. The evaluation framework of the benefits in terms of road safety (mitigated accidents, reduction of morbidity and severity of injuries) can be decomposed in three parts: The evaluation of the benefits due to on-board system which aims to reduce impact speed mainly a Pre-Crash Braking (PCB). This evaluation is based on in-depth accident database from IFSTTAR-LMA and UNIFI In-Safe. One hundred crash kinematics will be first reconstructed. Then new kinematics which include the effect of the PCB are calculated in order to estimate the new impact speed. A parametric study will be carried out to simulate different PCB effects considering various Field Of View (from 10° to 70°), range (from 30m to 90m), PTW deceleration (between -2 m/s² and -8m/s²), etc. The evaluation of the benefits due to passive safety system like new PPE (airbag jacket, etc.) or lateral on-board protection. This work is firstly based on the establishment of the originally risk curves based on current accident database, and secondly on the establishment of the new risk curves after introducing the protective level of the passive safety systems. This work needs input from WP1, WP3, WP4 and WP5 in particular to provide risk curves and the levels of protection of the passive systems. The new injury level could be estimated by considering three approaches: a pessimistic approach which will consider the minimal level of protection offered by the passive safety systems, an optimistic one which will consider the maximal level of protection and a mean approach which will consider the average level of protection. The evaluation of the benefits due to both on-board and passive safety systems. This work is based on the methodology already described in the literature by (Roth and Stoll, 2011) or (Lubbe, 2012). The Impact Evaluation Methodology that is described in this deliverable can be used as main input to task 6.2 of the PIONEERS Project, where the Impact Analysis calculation will be made, and the benefit analysis conclusions will be withdrawn.
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