Salivary biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy monitoring in patients with heart failure. A systematic review

Aidonis Rammos (1) , Aris Bechlioulis (1) , Petros Kalogeras (1) , Evanthia E Tripoliti (2) , Yorgos Goletsis (2, 3) , Anna Kalivi (1) , Effrosyni Blathra (1) , Pietro Salvo (4) , M. Giovanna Giovanna Trivella (4) , Tommaso Lomonaco (5) , Roger Fuoco (5) , Francesca Bellagambi (5, 6) , Chris J Watson (7, 8) , Abdelhamid Errachid (6) , Dimitrios I Fotiadis (2, 3) , Lampros K Michalis (9) , Katerina K Naka (1)

1 Second Department of Cardiology
2 Department of Biomedical Research
3 Department of Economics
4 Institute of Clinical Physiology
5 Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry
6 ISA-Micro & Nanobiotechnologies
7 UCD Conway Institute
8 Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine
9 Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems

The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review on the potential value of saliva biomarkers in the diagnosis, management and prognosis of heart failure (HF). The correlation between saliva and plasma values of these biomarkers was also studied. PubMed was searched to collect relevant literature, i.e., case-control, cross-sectional studies that either compared the values of salivary biomarkers among healthy subjects and HF patients, or investigated their role in risk stratification and prognosis in HF patients. No randomized control trials were included. The search ended on 31st of December 2020. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. 18 salivary biomarkers were analyzed and the levels of all biomarkers studied were found to be higher in HF patients compared to controls, except for amylase, sodium, and chloride that had smaller saliva concentrations in HF patients. Natriuretic peptides are the most commonly used plasma biomarkers in the management of HF. Their saliva levels show promising results, although the correlation of saliva to plasma values is weakened in higher plasma values. In most of the publications, differences in biomarker levels between HF patients and controls were found to be statistically significant. Due to the small number of patients included, larger studies need to be conducted in order to facilitate the use of saliva biomarkers in clinical practice.

Mots clés: biomarkers; heart failure; saliva; diagnosis; therapy monitoring

Domaines: Chimie; Chimie analytique; Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire

Aidonis Rammos, Aris Bechlioulis, Petros Kalogeras, Evanthia E Tripoliti, Yorgos Goletsis, et al.. Salivary biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy monitoring in patients with heart failure. A systematic review. Diagnostics, 2021, 11 (5), pp.824. ⟨10.3390/diagnostics11050824⟩. ⟨hal-03249942⟩