Effects of Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater on Human Health: A case study of Tiruchirappalli City, Tamilnadu, India
Résumé
Increasing nitrate levels in groundwater have been a source of concern in the recent decades all over the world. The challenges due to the high level of nitrate in water have also receiving more attentions due to the impact of nitrate over health related issues. This study provides the information on the occurrence of nitrate contamination in groundwater in corporation of Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu. Moreover, it also gives the insights about the sources and negative effects of nitrate contamination. A total number of 24 groundwater samples have been collected from bore well at depth from 15 to 45 meter in a distributed pattern. An assessment of the level of nitrate contamination in the groundwater samples was determined using UV Spectrophotometer. The nitrate concentration ranges between 1.4 to 104 mg/l. A risk assessment over human health due to nitrate contamination was done using Hazard Quotient (HQ). The spatial analysis of groundwater trace elements was performed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) combined with geostatistical modeling. The results indicate that, the consumers residing in eastern part of the study area are more exposed to current nitrate concentration. It is identified that improper sewage system and use of nitrate enriched fertilizers are the main source of nitrate in the study area. Hence, it is anticipated that outcomes of this study will provide insights for decision makers taking adaptive measures for groundwater Nitrate and trace element monitoring in Tiruchirappalli district.