cations!can!be!undertaken,!for!the!oil!and!the!gas!as!well!as!for!the! Zn-free!char.! Many!authors!encourage!to!desulfurize!the!oil,!to!increase!its!price,! as!well!as!to!decrease!risks:!with!the!presence!of!sulphur,!the!TPO!can!be! considered!as!hazardous:!indeed,!SO 2! is!very!toxic,!and!can!lead!to!the! formation!of!H 2 SO 4 ,!which!provokes!acid!rain.!To!do!so,!many!processes! have!been!analysed.!Firstly,!desulphurisation!in!a!CFB!or!a!BFB!have! been!studied!, With!the!previous!char!upgrading,!it!will!be!sold!at!a!better!price,!but! the! oil! and! the! gas! will! not.! To! be! able! to! increase! the!, 2019. ,
! Some! authors! propose! a! pre-treatment! with! H 2 SO 4! and! activated! CaO,! followed!by!an!ODS!under!vacuum!can!be!the!solution ,
! In!addition,!char!can!also!be!upgraded!into!carbon!black!with!a!post! pyrolysis! treatment! (Williams,! 2013),! while! it! has! improved! physical! properties!(Mikulova!et!al.,!2013)!and!is!a!better!adsorbent!than!char! (Malekzadeh,!2018).!However, vol.2, 2018. ,
, ZnCl 2! or!H 3 PO 4! (chemical!way)!(Antoniou!and!Zabaniotou,!2015),!while!it!has!many!uses!and!is!frequently!sought-after!(Williams,!2013).! Finally,! the! gas! is! currently! used! to! produce! heat! and! power,! but! could!also!be!used!to!produce!hydrogen!with!a!post!pyrolysis!treatment! at!800! ? C,!with!Ni-Mg-Al!catalyst!and!with!oxygen!(Williams,!2013).! Furthermore,!it!can!be!used!to!make!Zeolite!Templated!Carbons, !The!char!can!also!be!activated!with!steam!or!CO 2! (physical!way)! or!with!KOH,!
, !it!is!by!nature!eco-friendly.!Since!it!does!not! use!the!TPG!heat!directly!for!the!pyrolysis!reactor,!volatile!hazardous! compounds! are! not! released,! and! e.g.! an! emission! saving! of! 129,980! tonnes!per!year!of!CO 2! has!been!calculated.! Furthermore,!all!the!pyrolysis!products!are!valorised!are!re-used, Since!the!industrial!plant!has!the!goal!to!recycle!wastes!into!energy! or!new!high!value!products
, ! the! equipment! purchasing! cost! and! the! sales' revenue! of! the! pyrolysis!products!could!bring!need!to!be!determined.!The!investments! and!production!are!analysed!in!the!following!table,!and!the!Return!on! Investment!is!also!calculated!below.! Operational!costs!are!the!sum!of!mainly!salaries!(2!engineers,!6!operators:! 500,000! ?/year),! maintenance! at! 5%! of! the! total! investment! (300,000! ?/year),! overheads! and! insurance! at! 300,000! ?/year.! Additional!costs!of!chemicals!(HCl,!Ca(OH) 2 )!and!water!supply!are!negligible.! Towards!values!of!the!products
25!?/kWh!at!peak! time.!Total!sales!revenues!are!hence!~3.5!million!?/year.!The!Return!on! Investment!(ROI)!is!then!calculated!as!the!ratio!of!investment!and!revenue! after! accounting! for! the! operating! cost.! In! this! case,! with! the! average!costs,!the!ROI!is!about!2.4!years.!Without!any!upgrading,!the! process! is! then! viable,! since! most! of! the! societies! would! ,
, This!paper!has!investigated!the!recycling!process!of!end-of-life!tires!
, Process!use!-!about!0.5!MW el! -Annual!power!sold!to!the!grid! *!Daytime!0.9!MW el!
!3!MW el! (2000!h/year)!! ,
, Process!use!-!about!0.5!MW el! -Annual!power!sold!to!the!grid! *!Daytime!0.9!MW el!
!for!the!reactor,!the!heat!and! mass!balance!revealed!that!271!kW!heat!input!is!required!in!order!to! keep!the!reactor!at!a!temperature!of!380! ? C.!The!power!consumption!of! the! reactor! is! delivered! by! electrical! heating! elements,! and! the! dimensions!of!the!reactor!are!approximately!10!m!height!and!2!m!diameter.!Secondly,!the!vapours!are!separated!into!a!gas!fraction!and!into!an! oil!fraction!in!a!three-sections!cross-#ow!condenser!with!air!as!indirect! cooling!medium.!The!remaining!gas!is!compressed!to!25!bar!and!used!to! generate!electricity,!while!the!oil!is!sold!to!(petro-)!chemical!companies, !h/year)!! !hour.!The!most!essential!plant!components!are!the!reactor,!the! condenser!and!the!leaching!unit.!Firstly, 2000. ,
!Data!curation,!Original!draft,!Writing!-!review!&!editing.!Sabatier!F,!Validation,! Writing!-!review!&!editing,!Supervision.!Ansart!R,!Methodology,!Writing! -!review!&!editing,!Project!administration,!Funding!acquisition! Declaration!of!competing!interest! The!authors!declare! ,
, Supplementary!data!to!this!article!can!be!found!online
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