CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

Kevork Abazajian , Graeme E. Addison , Peter Adshead , Zeeshan Ahmed , Daniel Akerib , Aamir Ali , Steven W. Allen , David Alonso , Marcelo Alvarez , Mustafa A. Amin , Adam Anderson , Kam S. Arnold , Peter Ashton , Carlo Baccigalupi , Debbie Bard , Denis Barkats , Darcy Barron , Peter S. Barry , James G. Bartlett (1) , Ritoban Basu Thakur , Nicholas Battaglia , Rachel Bean , Chris Bebek , Amy N. Bender , Bradford A. Benson , Federico Bianchini , Colin A. Bischoff , Lindsey Bleem , James J. Bock , Sebastian Bocquet , Kimberly K. Boddy , J. Richard Bond , Julian Borrill , François R. Bouchet (2) , Thejs Brinckmann , Michael L. Brown , Sean Bryan , Victor Buza , Karen Byrum , Carlos Hervias Caimapo , Erminia Calabrese , Victoria Calafut , Robert Caldwell , John E. Carlstrom , Julien Carron , Thomas Cecil , Anthony Challinor , Clarence L. Chang , Yuji Chinone , Hsiao-Mei Sherry Cho , Asantha Cooray , Will Coulton , Thomas M. Crawford , Abigail Crites , Ari Cukierman , Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine , Tijmen de Haan , Jacques Delabrouille (1, 3) , Mark Devlin , Eleonora Di Valentino , Marion Dierickx , Matt Dobbs , Shannon Duff , Jo Dunkley , Cora Dvorkin , Joseph Eimer , Tucker Elleflot , Josquin Errard (1) , Thomas Essinger-Hileman , Giulio Fabbian , Chang Feng , Simone Ferraro , Jeffrey P. Filippini , Raphael Flauger , Brenna Flaugher , Aurelien A. Fraisse , Andrei Frolov , Nicholas Galitzki , Patricio A. Gallardo , Silvia Galli (2) , Ken Ganga (1) , Martina Gerbino , Vera Gluscevic , Neil Goeckner-Wald , Daniel Green , Daniel Grin , Evan Grohs , Riccardo Gualtieri , Jon E. Gudmundsson , Ian Gullett , Nikhel Gupta , Salman Habib , Mark Halpern , Nils W. Halverson , Shaul Hanany , Kathleen Harrington , Masaya Hasegawa , Matthew Hasselfield , Masashi Hazumi , Katrin Heitmann , Shawn Henderson , Brandon Hensley , Charles Hill , J. Colin Hill , Renée Hložek , Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho , Thuong Hoang , Gil Holder , William Holzapfel , John Hood , Johannes Hubmayr , Kevin M. Huffenberger , Howard Hui , Kent Irwin , Oliver Jeong , Bradley R. Johnson , William C. Jones , Jae Hwan Kang , Kirit S. Karkare , Nobuhiko Katayama , Reijo Keskitalo , Theodore Kisner , Lloyd Knox , Brian J. Koopman , Arthur Kosowsky , John Kovac , Ely D. Kovetz , Steve Kuhlmann , Chao-Lin Kuo , Akito Kusaka , Anne Lähteenmäki , Charles R. Lawrence , Adrian T. Lee , Antony Lewis , Dale Li , Eric Linder , Marilena Loverde , Amy Lowitz , Phil Lubin , Mathew S. Madhavacheril , Adam Mantz , Gabriela Marques , Frederick Matsuda , Philip Mauskopf , Heather Mccarrick , Jeffrey Mcmahon , P. Daniel Meerburg , Jean-Baptiste Melin (3) , Felipe Menanteau , Joel Meyers , Marius Millea , Joseph Mohr , Lorenzo Moncelsi , Maria Monzani , Tony Mroczkowski , Suvodip Mukherjee (2) , Johanna Nagy , Toshiya Namikawa , Federico Nati , Tyler Natoli , Laura Newburgh , Michael D. Niemack , Haruki Nishino , Brian Nord , Valentine Novosad , Roger O'Brient , Stephen Padin , Steven Palladino , Bruce Partridge , Don Petravick , Elena Pierpaoli , Levon Pogosian , Karthik Prabhu , Clement Pryke , Giuseppe Puglisi , Benjamin Racine (4) , Alexandra Rahlin , Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao , Marco Raveri , Christian L. Reichardt , Mathieu Remazeilles , Graca Rocha , Natalie A. Roe , Anirban Roy , John E. Ruhl , Maria Salatino , Benjamin Saliwanchik , Emmanuel Schaan , Alessandro Schillaci , Benjamin Schmitt , Marcel M. Schmittfull , Douglas Scott , Neelima Sehgal , Sarah Shandera , Blake D. Sherwin , Erik Shirokoff , Sara M. Simon , Anže Slosar , David Spergel , Tyler St. Germaine , Suzanne T. Staggs , Antony Stark , Glenn D. Starkman , Radek Stompor (1) , Chris Stoughton , Aritoki Suzuki , Osamu Tajima , Grant P. Teply , Keith Thompson , Ben Thorne , Peter Timbie , Maurizio Tomasi , Matthieu Tristram (5) , Gregory Tucker , Caterina Umiltà , Alexander van Engelen , Eve M. Vavagiakis , Joaquin D. Vieira , Abigail G. Vieregg , Kasey Wagoner , Benjamin Wallisch , Gensheng Wang , Scott Watson , Ben Westbrook , Nathan Whitehorn , Edward J. Wollack , W.L. Kimmy Wu , Zhilei Xu , H.Y. Eric Yang , Siavash Yasini , Volodymyr G. Yefremenko , Ki Won Yoon , Edward Young , Cyndia Yu , Andrea Zonca

1 APC (UMR_7164) - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
2 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
3 IPHT - Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681
4 CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille
5 IJCLab - Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie

CMB-S4—the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment—is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2–3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL.

Domaines: Astrophysique [astro-ph]

Kevork Abazajian, Graeme E. Addison, Peter Adshead, Zeeshan Ahmed, Daniel Akerib, et al.. CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves. Astrophys.J., 2022, 926 (1), pp.54. ⟨10.3847/1538-4357/ac1596⟩. ⟨hal-02940010⟩