F. Babiloni, F. Cincotti, F. Carducci, P. M. Rossini, and C. Babiloni, Spatial enhancement of EEG data by surface Laplacian estimation: The use of magnetic resonance imaging-based head models, Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.112, pp.724-727, 2001.

O. Bai, Z. Mari, S. Vorbach, and M. Hallett, Asymmetric spatiotemporal patterns of event-related desynchronization preceding voluntary sequential finger movements: a high-resolution EEG study, Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.116, issue.5, pp.1213-1221, 2005.

D. A. Balota and J. I. Chumbley, Are lexical decisions a good measure of lexical access? The role of word frequency in the neglected decision stage, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human perception and performance, vol.10, issue.3, p.340, 1984.

M. Bastiaansen, L. Magyari, and P. Hagoort, Syntactic unification operations are reflected in oscillatory dynamics during on-line sentence comprehension, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol.22, issue.7, pp.1333-1347, 2010.

D. Bates, M. Mächler, B. Bolker, and S. Walker, Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4, Journal of Statistical Software, vol.67, pp.1-48, 2015.

D. Besner and E. F. Risko, Thinking outside the box when reading aloud: Between (localist) module connection strength as a source of word frequency effects, Psychological Review, vol.123, issue.5, p.592, 2016.

J. R. Binder and R. H. Desai, The neurobiology of semantic memory, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.15, issue.11, pp.527-536, 2011.

V. Boulenger, A. C. Roy, Y. Paulignan, V. Deprez, M. Jeannerod et al., , 2006.

, Cross-talk between language processes and overt motor behavior in the first 200 msec of processing, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol.18, issue.10, pp.1607-1615

, Running Head: Motor-response activation in lexical decisions 27

M. M. Bradley and P. J. Lang, Affective norms for English words (ANEW): Instruction manual and affective ratings, vol.30, pp.25-36, 1999.

G. Buccino, L. Riggio, G. Melli, F. Binkofski, V. Gallese et al., Listening to action-related sentences modulates the activity of the motor system: a combined TMS and behavioral study, Cognitive Brain Research, vol.24, issue.3, pp.355-363, 2005.

B. Burle, F. Vidal, C. Tandonnet, and T. Hasbroucq, Physiological evidence for response inhibition in choice reaction time tasks, Brain and cognition, vol.56, issue.2, pp.153-164, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01384905

B. Burle, W. P. Van-den-wildenberg, L. Spieser, and K. R. Ridderinkhof, Preventing (impulsive) errors: Electrophysiological evidence for online inhibitory control over incorrect responses, Psychophysiology, vol.53, issue.7, pp.1008-1019, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01317925

C. B. Calderon, W. Gevers, and T. Verguts, The unfolding action model of initiation times, movement times, and movement paths, Psychological review, vol.125, issue.5, p.785, 2018.

D. O. Cheyne, P. Ferrari, and J. A. Cheyne, Intended actions and unexpected outcomes: automatic and controlled processing in a rapid motor task, Frontiers in human neuroscience, vol.6, p.237, 2012.

M. X. Cohen, Analyzing neural time series data: Theory and practice, 2014.

M. X. Cohen, Comparison of different spatial transformations applied to EEG data: A case study of error processing, International Journal of Psychophysiology, vol.97, issue.3, pp.245-257, 2015.

J. D. Cohen, D. Servan-schreiber, and J. L. Mcclelland, A parallel distributed processing approach to automaticity, American Journal of Psychology, vol.105, pp.239-269, 1992.

, Running Head: Motor-response activation in lexical decisions 28

M. G. Coles, Modern mind-brain reading: Psychophysiology, physiology, and cognition, Psychophysiology, vol.26, pp.251-269, 1989.

M. Coltheart, K. Rastle, C. Perry, R. Langdon, and J. Ziegler, DRC: a dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud, Psychological review, vol.108, issue.1, p.204, 2001.

D. Crepaldi, E. Keuleers, P. Mandera, and M. Brysbaert, , 2013.

R. De-jong, T. E. Gladwin, and B. Hart, Movement-related EEG indices of preparation in task switching and motor control, Brain Research, issue.1, pp.73-82, 2006.

F. P. De-lange, D. A. Rahnev, T. H. Donner, and H. Lau, Prestimulus oscillatory activity over motor cortex reflects perceptual expectations, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.33, issue.4, pp.1400-1410, 2013.

A. Delorme and S. Makeig, EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis, Journal of Neuroscience Methods, vol.134, issue.1, pp.9-21, 2004.

C. Donkin, A. Heathcote, S. Brown, and S. Andrews, Non-decision time effects in the lexical decision task, Proceedings of the 31st annual conference of the cognitive science society, 2009.

T. H. Donner, M. Siegel, P. Fries, and A. K. Engel, Buildup of choice-predictive activity in human motor cortex during perceptual decision making, Current Biology, vol.19, issue.18, pp.1581-1585, 2009.

, Running Head: Motor-response activation in lexical decisions 29

L. M. Doyle, K. Yarrow, and P. Brown, Lateralization of event-related beta desynchronization in the EEG during pre-cued reaction time tasks, Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.116, issue.8, pp.1879-1888, 2005.

S. Dufau, J. Grainger, and J. C. Ziegler, How to say "no" to a nonword: A leaky competing accumulator model of lexical decision, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, vol.38, issue.4, p.1117, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01152178

. E-prime,

T. E. Gladwin, J. P. Lindsen, and R. Jong, Pre-stimulus EEG effects related to response speed, task switching and upcoming response hand, Biological Psychology, vol.72, issue.1, pp.15-34, 2006.

P. Gomez and M. Perea, Decomposing encoding and decisional components in visualword recognition: A diffusion model analysis, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol.67, issue.12, pp.2455-2466, 2014.

G. Gratton, M. G. Coles, E. J. Sirevaag, C. W. Eriksen, and E. Donchin, Pre-and post-stimulus activation of response channels: A psychophysiological analysis, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, vol.14, pp.331-344, 1988.

D. M. Groppe, T. P. Urbach, and M. Kutas, Mass univariate analysis of event related brain potentials/fields I: A critical tutorial review, Psychophysiology, vol.48, issue.12, pp.1711-1725, 2011.

O. Hauk, I. Johnsrude, and F. Pulvermüller, Somatotopic representation of action words in human motor and premotor cortex, Neuron, vol.41, issue.2, pp.301-307, 2004.

M. T. Jurkiewicz, W. C. Gaetz, A. C. Bostan, and D. Cheyne, Post-movement beta rebound is generated in motor cortex: evidence from neuromagnetic recordings, 2006.

, Neuroimage, vol.32, issue.3, pp.1281-1289

, Running Head: Motor-response activation in lexical decisions 30

S. P. Kelly and R. G. Connell, Internal and external influences on the rate of sensory evidence accumulation in the human brain, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.33, issue.50, pp.19434-19441, 2013.

M. Kiefer, E. J. Sim, B. Herrnberger, J. Grothe, and K. Hoenig, The sound of concepts: four markers for a link between auditory and conceptual brain systems, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.28, issue.47, pp.12224-12230, 2008.

B. E. Kilavik, M. Zaepffel, A. Brovelli, W. A. Mackay, and A. Riehle, The ups and downs of beta oscillations in sensorimotor cortex, Experimental Neurology, vol.245, pp.15-26, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01464144

A. Klepp, V. Niccolai, G. Buccino, A. Schnitzler, and K. Biermann-ruben, Languagemotor interference reflected in MEG beta oscillations, NeuroImage, vol.109, pp.438-448, 2015.

J. Kubanek, L. H. Snyder, B. W. Brunton, C. D. Brody, and G. Schalk, A low-frequency oscillatory neural signal in humans encodes a developing decision variable, Neuroimage, vol.83, pp.795-808, 2013.

M. A. Lambon-ralph, E. Jefferies, K. Patterson, and T. T. Rogers, The neural and computational bases of semantic cognition, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.18, issue.1, p.42, 2017.

L. Leocani, C. Toro, P. Zhuang, C. Gerloff, and M. Hallett, Event-related desynchronization in reaction time paradigms: a comparison with event-related potentials and corticospinal excitability, Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.112, issue.5, pp.923-930, 2001.

J. Lopez-calderon and S. J. Luck, ERPLAB: An open-source toolbox for the analysis of event-related potentials, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol.8, p.213, 2014.

Y. Luo, Y. Zhang, X. Feng, and X. Zhou, Electroencephalogram oscillations differentiate semantic and prosodic processes during sentence reading, Neuroscience, vol.169, issue.2, pp.654-664, 2010.

, Running Head: Motor-response activation in lexical decisions 31

E. Maris, Statistical testing in electrophysiological studies, Psychophysiology, vol.49, issue.4, pp.549-565, 2012.

E. Maris and R. Oostenveld, Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG-and MEG-data, Journal of Neuroscience Methods, vol.164, pp.177-190, 2007.

M. Montefinese, E. Ambrosini, B. Fairfield, and N. Mammarella, The adaptation of the affective norms for English words (ANEW) for Italian, Behavior Research Methods, vol.46, issue.3, pp.887-903, 2014.

R. G. O'connell, P. M. Dockree, and S. P. Kelly, A supramodal accumulation-to-bound signal that determines perceptual decisions in humans, Nature neuroscience, vol.15, issue.12, p.1729, 2012.

R. Oostenveld, P. Fries, E. Maris, and J. M. Schoffelen, FieldTrip: Open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data, Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, p.156869, 2011.

J. A. Palmer, S. Makeig, K. Kreutz-delgado, and B. D. Rao, Newton method for the ICA mixture model, Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE international conference on acoustics and signal processing, pp.1805-1808, 2008.

A. A. Pape and M. Siegel, Motor cortex activity predicts response alternation during sensorimotor decisions, Nature communications, vol.7, p.13098, 2016.

B. Pastötter, S. Hanslmayr, and K. H. Bäuml, Inhibition of return arises from inhibition of response processes: an analysis of oscillatory beta activity, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol.20, issue.1, pp.65-75, 2008.

, Running Head: Motor-response activation in lexical decisions 32

K. Patterson, P. J. Nestor, and T. T. Rogers, Where do you know what you know? The representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.8, issue.12, p.976, 2007.

A. A. Pavlova, A. V. Butorina, A. Y. Nikolaeva, A. O. Prokofyev, M. A. Ulanov et al., Effortful verb retrieval from semantic memory drives beta suppression in mesial frontal regions involved in action initiation, Human Brain Mapping, vol.40, issue.12, pp.3669-3681, 2019.

F. Perrin, J. Pernier, O. Bertrand, and J. F. Echallier, Spherical splines for scalp potential and current density mapping, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.72, pp.184-187, 1989.

V. Piai, A. Roelofs, and E. Maris, Oscillatory brain responses in spoken word production reflect lexical frequency and sentential constraint, Neuropsychologia, vol.53, pp.146-156, 2014.

V. Piai, A. Roelofs, J. Rommers, and E. Maris, Beta oscillations reflect memory and motor aspects of spoken word production, Human Brain Mapping, vol.36, pp.2767-2780, 2015.

E. Poljac and N. Yeung, Dissociable neural correlates of intention and action preparation in voluntary task switching, Cerebral Cortex, vol.24, issue.2, pp.465-478, 2014.

F. Pulvermüller, Brain mechanisms linking language and action, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.6, issue.7, pp.576-582, 2005.

. R-core-team, R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2015.

R. Ratcliff, P. Gomez, and G. Mckoon, A diffusion model account of the lexical decision task, Psychological review, vol.111, issue.1, p.159, 2004.

, Running Head: Motor-response activation in lexical decisions 33

R. Ratcliff, P. L. Smith, S. D. Brown, and G. Mckoon, Diffusion decision model: Current issues and history, Trends in cognitive sciences, vol.20, issue.4, pp.260-281, 2016.

C. Rau, C. Plewnia, F. Hummel, and C. Gerloff, Event-related desynchronization and excitability of the ipsilateral motor cortex during simple self-paced finger movements, Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.114, pp.1819-1826, 2003.

J. Sassenhagen and D. Draschkow, Cluster-based permutation tests of MEG/EEG data do not establish significance of effect latency or location, Psychophysiology, vol.56, issue.6, p.13335, 2019.

J. M. Schoffelen, J. Poort, R. Oostenveld, and P. Fries, Selective movement preparation is subserved by selective increases in corticomuscular gamma-band coherence, Journal of Neuroscience, issue.18, pp.6750-6758, 2011.

M. Servant, C. White, A. Montagnini, and B. Burle, Using covert response activation to test latent assumptions of formal decision-making models in humans, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.35, issue.28, pp.10371-10385, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01310094

M. Servant, C. White, A. Montagnini, and B. Burle, Linking theoretical decision-making mechanisms in the Simon task with electrophysiological data: A model-based neuroscience study in humans, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol.28, issue.10, pp.1501-1521, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01401203

K. M. Spencer and M. G. Coles, The lateralized readiness potential: Relationship between human data and response activation in a connectionist model, Psychophysiology, vol.36, issue.3, pp.364-370, 1999.

N. A. Steinemann, R. G. O'connell, and S. P. Kelly, Decisions are expedited through multiple neural adjustments spanning the sensorimotor hierarchy, Nature communications, vol.9, issue.1, p.3627, 2018.

, Running Head: Motor-response activation in lexical decisions 34

C. Tandonnet, B. Burle, F. Vidal, and T. Hasbroucq, The influence of time preparation on motor processes assessed by surface Laplacian estimation, Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.114, issue.12, pp.2376-2384, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01384926

C. Tandonnet, B. Burle, F. Vidal, and T. Hasbroucq, Knowing when to respond and the efficiency of the cortical motor command: A Laplacian ERP study, Brain Research, vol.1109, issue.1, pp.158-163, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01384879

B. M. Turner, B. U. Forstmann, B. C. Love, T. J. Palmeri, and L. Van-maanen, , 2017.

, Approaches to analysis in model-based cognitive neuroscience, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, vol.76, pp.65-79

D. M. Twomey, S. P. Kelly, and R. G. Connell, Abstract and effector-selective decision signals exhibit qualitatively distinct dynamics before delayed perceptual reports, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.36, issue.28, pp.7346-7352, 2016.

D. M. Twomey, P. R. Murphy, S. P. Kelly, and R. G. Connell, The classic P300 encodes a build to threshold decision variable, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.42, issue.1, pp.1636-1643, 2015.

C. Tzagarakis, N. F. Ince, A. C. Leuthold, and G. Pellizzer, Beta-band activity during motor planning reflects response uncertainty, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.30, issue.34, pp.11270-11277, 2010.

M. Van-elk, H. T. Van-schie, R. A. Zwaan, and H. Bekkering, The functional role of motor activation in language processing: motor cortical oscillations support lexicalsemantic retrieval, Neuroimage, vol.50, issue.2, pp.665-677, 2010.

B. C. Van-wijk, P. J. Beek, and A. Daffertshofer, Neural synchrony within the motor system: what have we learned so far? Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol.6, 2012.

B. C. Van-wijk, A. Daffertshofer, N. Roach, and P. Praamstra, A role of beta oscillatory synchrony in biasing response competition?, Cerebral Cortex, vol.19, issue.6, pp.1294-1302, 2009.

F. Vidal, B. Burle, and T. Hasbroucq, The way we do the things we do: how cognitive contexts shape the neural dynamics of motor areas in humans, Frontiers in Psychology, vol.9, p.1296, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01850701

F. Vidal, B. Burle, L. Spieser, L. Carbonnell, C. Meckler et al., , 2015.

, Linking EEG signals, brain functions and mental operations: Advantages of the Laplacian transformation, International Journal of Psychophysiology, vol.97, issue.3, pp.221-232

E. J. Wagenmakers, R. Ratcliff, P. Gomez, and G. Mckoon, A diffusion model account of criterion shifts in the lexical decision task, Journal of Memory and Language, vol.58, issue.1, pp.140-159, 2008.

L. A. Wheaton, H. Shibasaki, and M. Hallett, Temporal activation pattern of parietal and premotor areas related to praxis movements, Clinical neurophysiology, vol.116, issue.5, pp.1201-1212, 2005.

V. Wyart, N. E. Myers, and C. Summerfield, Neural mechanisms of human perceptual choice under focused and divided attention, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.35, issue.8, pp.3485-3498, 2015.

, Running Head: Motor-response activation in lexical decisions Footnote

, Lexical frequency was entered as the predictor variable and the average power (expressed in terms of relative change with respect to the whole epoch) detected in the beta-frequency band (12-30 Hz) within the time window going from -100 and 100 ms (centered on EMG onset) and within the ipislateral recording sites (C3 and CP3 for left-hand responses; C4 and CP4 for right-hand responses) as the dependent variable. The model also included by-participant random intercepts. Results showed a significant of lexical frequency on beta oscillatory power, The relationship between lexical frequency and ipislateral beta activity was further explored via linear mixed effects analysis on single trial data from both experiments

, Running Head: Motor-response activation in lexical decisions