R. G. Allen, L. S. Pereira, D. Raes, and M. Smith, Crop evapotranspiration -guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56, 1998.

F. P. Blamey, R. K. Zollinger, and A. A. Schneiter, Sunflower production and culture, Agronomy Monograph. No, vol.35, pp.595-670, 1997.

A. Blum, Effective use of water (EUW) and not water-use efficiency (WUE) is the target of crop yield improvement under drought stress, Field Crops Res, vol.112, pp.119-123, 2009.

P. Casadebaig, P. Debaeke, and J. Lecoeur, Thresholds for leaf expansion and transpiration response to soil water deficit in a range of sunflower genotypes, Eur. J. Agron, vol.28, pp.646-654, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02664920

M. Centritto, M. Lauteri, M. C. Monteverdi, and R. Serraj, Leaf gas exchange, carbon isotope discrimination and grain yield in contrasting rice genotypes subjected to water deficits during reproductive stage, J. Exp. Bot, vol.60, pp.2325-2339, 2009.

A. G. Condon, Water use efficiency including carbon isotope discrimination, Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science, pp.1288-1291, 2004.

A. G. Condon and R. A. Richards, Exploiting genetic variation in transpiration efficiency in wheat: an agronomic view, Stable Isotopes and Plant Carbon -Water Relations, pp.435-449, 1993.

A. G. Condon, R. A. Richards, G. J. Rebetzke, and G. D. Farquhar, Improving water use efficiency and crop yield, Crop Sci, vol.42, pp.122-131, 2002.

A. G. Condon, R. A. Richards, G. J. Rebetzke, and G. D. Farquhar, Breeding for high water-use efficiency, J. Exp. Bot, vol.55, pp.2447-2460, 2004.

H. Craig, Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and correction factors for mass spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, vol.12, pp.133-149, 1957.

M. Dingkuhn, G. D. Farquhar, D. S. De, J. C. O'toole, and S. K. Datta, Discrimination of 13 C among upland rices having different water use efficiencies, Aust. J. Agric. Res, vol.42, pp.1123-1131, 1991.

L. A. Donovan, A. D. Susan, D. M. Rosenthal, and F. Ludwig, Phenotypic selection on leaf water use efficiency and related ecophysiological traits for natural populations of desert sunflowers, Oecologia, vol.152, pp.13-52, 2007.

J. L. Dufresne, D. S. Mélia, S. Denvil, S. Tyteca, O. Arzel et al., Simulation du climat recent et futur par les modeles du CNRM et de l'IPSL, vol.55, pp.45-59, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00423543

J. S. Ebdon and K. L. Kopp, Relationships between water use efficiency, carbon isotope discrimination, and turf performance in genotypes of Kentucky bluegrass during drought, Crop Sci, vol.44, pp.1754-1762, 2004.

J. R. Ehleringer, A. E. Hall, and G. D. Farquhar, Stable Isotopes and Plant Carbon-Water Relations, 1993.

G. Erice, S. Louahlia, J. J. Irigoyen, M. S. Iaz, I. T. Alami et al., Water use efficiency, transpiration and net CO 2 exchange of four alfalfa genotypes submitted to progressive drought and subsequent recovery, Enviro. Exp. Bot, vol.72, pp.123-130, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02651934

G. D. Farquhar and J. Lloyd, Carbon and oxygen isotope effects in the exchange of carbon dioxide between terrestrial plants and the atmosphere, pp.47-70, 1993.

G. D. Farquhar and R. A. Richards, Isotopic composition of plant carbon correlates with water use efficiency of wheat genotypes, Aust. J. Agric. Res, vol.11, pp.539-552, 1984.

G. D. Farquhar, J. R. Ehleringer, and K. T. Hubick, 1989: Carbon isotope discrimination and photosynthesis, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol, vol.40, pp.503-537

R. A. Fischer, Optimizing the use of water and nitrogen through breeding of crops, Plant Soil, vol.58, pp.249-278, 1981.

A. B. Frank and J. D. Berdahl, Gas exchange and water relations in diploid and tetraploid Russian wildrye, Crop Sci, vol.30, pp.300-305, 2001.

M. Garcia-via, E. Fereres, M. H. Prieto, C. Ruz, R. Albrizio et al., Crop Yield Response to Water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, pp.164-171, 2012.

P. Grieu, P. Maury, P. Debaeke, and A. Sarrafi, Ameliorer la tolerance a la secheresse du tournesol: apports de l'ecophysiologie et de la genetique, Innovations Agronomiques, vol.2, pp.37-51, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02664532

K. Hubick and G. D. Farquhar, Carbon isotope discrimination and the ratio of carbon gained to water lost in barley cultivars, Plant, Cell Environ, vol.12, pp.795-804, 1989.

S. M. Impa, S. Nadaradjan, P. Boominathan, G. Shashidhar, H. Bindumadhava et al., Carbon isotope discrimination accurately reflects variability in WUE measured at a whole plant level in rice, Crop Sci, vol.45, pp.2517-2522, 2005.

N. C. Kane, J. M. Burke, L. Marek, G. Seiler, F. Vear et al., Sunflower genetic, genomic and ecological resources, Mol. Ecol. Resour, vol.13, pp.10-20, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00964186

F. Labalette, P. Jouffret, and A. Merrien, Oleic Sunflower production: current situation and trends for the future. Proceeding of 18th International Sunflower Conference, 2012.

T. W. Lambe and R. V. Whitman, Soil Mechanics, 1969.

C. J. Lambrides, S. C. Chapman, and R. Shorter, Genetic variation for carbon isotope discrimination in sunflower: association with transpiration efficiency and evidence for cytoplasmic inheritance, Crop Sci, vol.44, pp.1642-1653, 2004.

M. Lauteri, E. Brugnoli, and L. Spaccino, Carbon isotope discrimination in leaf soluble sugars and in whole-plant dry matter in Helianthus annuus L. Grown under different water conditions, Stable Isotopes and Plant Carbon -Water Relations, pp.93-108, 1993.

C. Li, Carbon isotope composition, water-use efficiency and biomass productivity of Eucalyptus microtheca populations under different water supplies, Plant Soil, vol.214, pp.165-171, 1999.

G. List, Sunflower seed and oil, Lipid Technol, vol.26, p.24, 2014.

S. C. Misra, S. Shinde, S. Geerts, V. S. Rao, and P. Monneveux, Can carbon isotope discrimination and ash content predict grain yield and water use efficiency in wheat?, Agr. Water Manage, vol.97, pp.57-65, 2010.

F. Rizza, J. Ghashghaie, S. Meyer, L. Matteu, A. M. Mastrangelod et al., Constitutive differences in 1998: Carbon isotope discrimination in leaf and stem sugars, water-use efficiency and mesophyll conductance during different developmental stages in rice subjected to drought, Aust. J. Plant Physiol, vol.25, pp.489-498, 2012.

D. This, J. Comstock, B. Courtois, Y. Xu, N. Ahmadi et al., Genetic analysis of water use efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the leaf level, Rice, vol.3, pp.72-86, 2010.

, 2014: Foreign and Agricultural Service, 2014.

P. Vincourt, F. As-sadi, A. Bordat, N. B. Langlade, J. Gouzy et al., Consensus mapping of major resistance genes and independent QTL for quantitative resistance to sunflower downy mildew, Theor. Appl. Genet, vol.125, pp.909-920, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02643614

J. M. Virgona and G. D. Farquhar, Genotypic variation in relative growth rate and carbon isotope discrimination in sunflower, Aust. J. Plant Physiol, vol.23, pp.227-236, 1996.

G. C. Wright, K. T. Hubick, G. D. Farquhar, and R. C. Rao, Genetic and environmental variation in transpiration efficiency and its correlation with carbon isotope discrimination and specific leaf area in peanut, Stable Isotopes and Plant Carbon -Water Relations, pp.247-267, 1993.

Y. Xu, D. This, R. C. Pausch, W. M. Vonhof, J. R. Coburn et al., Leaf-level water use efficiency determined by carbon isotope discrimination in rice seedlings: genetic variation associated with population structure and QTL mapping, Theor. Appl. Genet, vol.118, pp.1065-1081, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02667632

B. Zhao, M. Kondo, M. Maeda, Y. Ozaki, and J. Zhang, Water-use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in two cultivars of upland rice during different developmental stages under three water regimes, Field Crops Res, vol.261, pp.49-60, 2004.

M. Scartazza, M. C. Lauteri, M. C. Guido, and E. Brugnoli,