Oro-gastro-intestinal digestion of starch in white bread, wheat-based and gluten-free pasta: Unveiling the contribution of human salivary α-amylase

Daniela Freitas (1, 2) , Steven Le Feunteun (1, 2)

1 GMPA - Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires
2 Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)

Starch is a major determinant of the glycemic responses elicited by our diets, but the exact contribution of the two main amylolytic enzymes (salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases) remains a matter of debate. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of the oral, gastric and intestinal phases to the hydrolysis of starch in bread and pasta during dynamic in vitro digestions using DiDGI (R). Before its inactivation by the low gastric pH, salivary alpha-amylase released about 80% of the starch in bread and 30% of that in pasta, hydrolysing over half of it into oligosaccharides. Accordingly, the contribution of pancreatic alpha-amylase during the intestinal phase was lower for bread than pasta. Our results are well correlated with in vivo data, and demonstrate the importance of salivary alpha-amylase during oro-gastric processing of starchy foods. This finding is discussed in relation with observations regarding salivary alpha-amylase from other fields of knowledge.

Mots clés: Amylolysis; Hydrolysis; Bread; Spaghetti; Carbohydrates; Bolus

Mots clés: Saliva

Domaines: Ingénierie des aliments; Génie des procédés; Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]

Daniela Freitas, Steven Le Feunteun. Oro-gastro-intestinal digestion of starch in white bread, wheat-based and gluten-free pasta: Unveiling the contribution of human salivary α-amylase. Food Chemistry, 2019, 274, pp.566-573. ⟨10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.025⟩. ⟨hal-02627826⟩