, Grant Agreement 675752 [ESR2] to RL), PCJ by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo-FAPESP (PhD grant 2017/ 26786-1) and CR-González by a Juan de la Cierva, IJCI-2015-23505, MINECO, Spain) fellowship. MM was partially supported by CONICYT (FONDAP-IDEAL 15150003), Chile. This work was supported by the projects Malaspina 2010 Expedition (CSD2008-00077, MINECO, Spain to CMD), INTERACTOMICS (CTM2015-69936-P, MINECO, Spain to RL)

, Availability of data and materials DNA sequences and metadata from the Malaspina expedition are publicly available at the European Nucleotide Archive

, The code for calculating the TINA and PINA indices is, R-Scripts for calculating the ?-Nearest Taxon Index and the Raup-Crick metric are

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