T. Aitamurto, Crowdsourcing for democracy: a new era in policy-making, 2012.

R. Angarita, N. Georgantas, and V. Issarny, Social middleware for civic engagement, 2019 IEEE 39th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), pp.1777-1786, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02162736

R. Angarita, B. Lefèvre, S. Ahvar, E. Ahvar, N. Georgantas et al., ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, vol.9, issue.4, p.21

S. R. Arnstein, A Ladder Of Citizen Participation, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, vol.35, issue.4, pp.216-224, 1969.

L. Atzori, A. Iera, G. Morabito, and M. Nitti, The social internet of things (siot)-when social networks meet the internet of things: Concept, architecture and network characterization, Computer networks, vol.56, issue.16, pp.3594-3608, 2012.

T. Caldeira and J. Holston, Participatory urban planning in brazil, Urban Studies, vol.52, issue.11, pp.2001-2017, 2015.

C. M. Chan, From open data to open innovation strategies: Creating e-services using open government data, 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp.1890-1899, 2013.

H. S. Christensen, M. Karjalainen, and L. Nurminen, Does crowdsourcing legislation increase political legitimacy? the case of avoin ministeriö in finland, Policy & Internet, vol.7, issue.1, pp.25-45, 2015.

C. Crivellaro, R. Comber, J. Bowers, P. C. Wright, and P. Olivier, A pool of dreams: facebook, politics and the emergence of a social movement, Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems -CHI '14, pp.3573-3582, 2014.

R. Fabbri, H. P. Filho, R. B. De-luna, R. A. Martins, F. K. Amanqui et al., Social participation ontology: community documentation, enhancements and use examples, 2015.

D. Fernández, Where is online privacy going?, Global Privacy Law Review, vol.1, issue.1, pp.55-60, 2020.

D. Halpern and J. Gibbs, Social media as a catalyst for online deliberation? Exploring the affordances of Facebook and YouTube for political expression, Computers in Human Behavior, vol.29, issue.3, pp.1159-1168, 2013.

K. Hansson, K. Belkacem, and L. Ekenberg, Open Government and Democracy: A Research Review, Social Science Computer Review, vol.33, issue.5, pp.540-555, 2015.

J. Hellström, Crowdsourcing Development: From Funding to Reporting, pp.635-647, 2016.

J. Holston, V. Issarny, and C. Parra, Engineering Software Assemblies for Participatory Democracy: The Participatory Budgeting Use Case, Software Engineering in Society at ICSE, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01261012

E. Kalampokis, E. Tambouris, and K. Tarabanis, Open government data: A stage model, Electronic government, pp.235-246, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01589083

H. Landemore, Inclusive constitution-making: The icelandic experiment, Journal of Political Philosophy, vol.23, issue.2, pp.166-191, 2015.

A. Martínez-ballesté, P. A. Pérez-martínez, and A. Solanas, The pursuit of citizens' privacy: a privacy-aware smart city is possible, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.51, issue.6, pp.136-141, 2013.

L. Porwol, A. Ojo, and J. G. Breslin, An ontology for next generation e-participation initiatives, Government Information Quarterly, vol.33, issue.3, pp.583-594, 2016.

S. Qanbari, N. Rekabsaz, and S. Dustdar, Open Government Data as a Service (Go-DaaS): Big Data Platform for Mobile App Developers, 2015 3rd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud, pp.398-403, 2015.

C. Quittkat, The european commission's online consultations: a success story?, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.49, issue.3, pp.653-674, 2011.

M. Roopa, S. Pattar, R. Buyya, K. R. Venugopal, S. Iyengar et al., Social internet of things (siot): Foundations, thrust areas, systematic review and future directions, Computer Communications, 2019.

F. Salim and U. Haque, Urban computing in the wild: A survey on large scale participation and citizen engagement with ubiquitous computing, cyber physical systems, and Internet of Things, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.81, pp.31-48, 2015.

A. Seifert and J. Rössel, Digital Participation, pp.1-5, 2019.

B. Ubaldi, Open government data, 2013.

C. Y. Wang, H. Y. Yang, and T. C. Seng-cho, Using peer-to-peer technology for knowledge sharing in communities of practices, Decision Support Systems, vol.45, issue.3, pp.528-540, 2008.

V. Wiens, S. Lohmann, and S. Auer, Webvowl editor: Device-independent visual ontology modeling, International Semantic Web Conference (P&D/Industry/BlueSky), 2018.

Y. Zheng, L. Capra, O. Wolfson, and H. Yang, Urban Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, and Applications, ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology, vol.5, issue.3, pp.1-55, 2014.