K. Bagi, An algorithm to generate random dense arrangements for discrete element simulations of granular assemblies, Granular Matter, vol.7, issue.1, pp.31-43, 2005.

A. Benabbou, H. Borouchaki, P. Laug, and J. Lu, Geometrical modeling of granular structures in two and three dimensions. application to nanostructures, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.80, pp.425-454, 2009.

M. Borkovec, W. De-paris, and R. Peikert, The fractal dimension of the apollonian sphere packing, Fractals, vol.2, issue.4, pp.521-526, 1994.

D. Boutt and B. Mcpherson, The Role of Particle Packing in Modeling Rock Mechanical Behavior using Discrete Elements, pp.86-92

F. Calvetti, G. Combe, and J. Lanier, Experimental micromechanical analysis of a 2d granular material: relation between structure evolution and loading path, Mechanics of Cohesivefrictional Materials, vol.2, issue.2, pp.121-163, 1997.

G. Caumon, P. Collon-drouaillet, . Le-carlier-de, C. Veslud, S. Viseur et al., Surfacebased 3d modeling of geological structures, Mathematical Geosciences, vol.41, issue.8, pp.927-945, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00429910

C. S. Chang and A. Misra, Packing structure and mechanical properties of granulates, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol.116, issue.5, pp.1077-1093, 1990.

M. Ciantia, K. Boschi, T. Shire, and S. Emam, Numerical techniques for fast generation of large discrete-element models. Engineering and Computational Mechanics pp, pp.1-34, 2018.

L. Cui and C. O'sullivan, Analysis of a triangulation based approach for specimen generation for discrete element simulations, Granular Matter, vol.5, issue.3, pp.135-145, 2003.

P. A. Cundall and O. D. Strack, A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Géotechnique, vol.29, issue.1, pp.47-65, 1979.

,

F. V. Donzé, V. Richefeu, and S. A. Magnier, Advances in discrete element method applied to soil, rock and concrete mechanics, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol.8, 2008.

N. Govender, D. N. Wilke, and S. Kok, Collision detection of convex polyhedra on the nvidia gpu architecture for the discrete element method, Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol.267, pp.810-829, 2015.

G. G. Gray, J. K. Morgan, and P. F. Sanz, Overview of continuum and particle dynamics methods for mechanical modeling of contractional geologic structures, Journal of Structural Geology, vol.59, pp.19-36, 2014.

K. Han, Y. T. Feng, and D. R. Owen, Filling domains with disks: an advancing front approach, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.56, pp.699-713, 2005.

S. Hardy, Structural evolution of calderas: Insights from two-dimensional discrete element simulations, Geology, vol.36, issue.12, pp.927-930, 2008.

H. Herrmann, R. M. Baram, and M. Wackenhut, Searching for the perfect packing, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol.330, issue.1, pp.77-82, 2003.

K. Hitti and M. Bernacki, Optimized dropping and rolling (odr) method for packing of polydisperse spheres, Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol.37, issue.8, pp.5715-5722, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00780744

R. G. Hoagland, G. T. Hahn, and A. R. Rosenfield, Influence of microstructure on fracture propagation in rock, Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering, vol.5, issue.2, pp.77-106, 1973.

D. M. Ivars, M. E. Pierce, C. Darcel, J. Reyes-montes, D. O. Potyondy et al., The synthetic rock mass approach for jointed rock mass modelling, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol.48, issue.2, pp.219-244, 2011.

J. Jaeger, N. Cook, and R. Zimmerman, Fundamentals of rock mechanics, 2007.

J. F. Jerier, B. Harthong, V. Richefeu, B. Chareyre, D. Imbault et al., Study of cold powder compaction by using the discrete element method, Powder Technology, vol.208, issue.2, pp.537-541, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01980938

J. F. Jerier, D. Imbault, F. V. Donze, and P. Doremus, A geometric algorithm based on tetrahedral meshes to generate a dense polydisperse sphere packing, Granular Matter, vol.11, issue.1, pp.43-52, 2009.

J. F. Jerier, V. Richefeu, D. Imbault, and F. V. Donzé, Packing spherical discrete elements for large scale simulations, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.199, issue.25, pp.1668-1676, 2010.

L. Jiao, P. Tapponnier, F. Costa, F. V. Donzé, L. Scholtès et al., Necking and fracking may explain stationary seismicity and full degassing in volcanic silicic spine extrusion, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.503, pp.47-57, 2018.

A. Kansal, S. Torquato, and F. Stillinger, Computer generation of dense polydisperse sphere packings, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.117, issue.18, pp.8212-8218, 2002.

S. Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, and M. P. Vecchi, Optimization by simulated annealing, science, vol.220, issue.4598, pp.671-680, 1983.

E. Lozano, D. Roehl, W. Celes, and M. Gattass, An efficient algorithm to generate random sphere packs in arbitrary domains, Computers and Mathematics with Applications, vol.71, pp.1586-1601, 2016.

G. Mcdowell, O. Falagush, and H. S. Yu, A particle refinement method for simulating dem of cone penetration testing in granular materials, Géotechnique Letters, vol.2, issue.3, pp.141-147, 2012.

S. Moosavi, L. Scholtès, and R. Giot, Influence of stress induced microcracks on the tensile fracture behavior of rocks, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.104, pp.81-95, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02017984

C. Morfa, L. A. , C. Muniz-de-farias, M. Perez-morales, I. P. Valera et al., Systemic characterization and evaluation of particle packings as initial sets for discrete element simulations, Computational Particle Mechanics, vol.5, issue.3, pp.319-334, 2018.

J. K. Morgan and M. S. Boettcher, Numerical simulations of granular shear zones using the distinct element method: 1. shear zone kinematics and the micromechanics of localization, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.104, issue.B2, pp.2703-2719, 1999.

D. Nishiura, M. Y. Matsuo, and H. Sakaguchi, ppohdem: computational performance for open source code of the discrete element method, Computer Physics Communications, vol.185, issue.5, pp.1486-1495, 2014.

C. O'sullivan, Particulate discrete element modelling: a geomechanics perspective, 2011.

E. Papachristos, L. Scholtès, F. Donzé, and B. Chareyre, Intensity and volumetric characterizations of hydraulically driven fractures by hydro-mechanical simulations, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol.93, pp.163-178, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01995016

J. Pellerin, A. Botella, F. Bonneau, A. Mazuyer, B. Chauvin et al., Ringmesh: A programming library for developing mesh-based geomodeling applications, Computers & Geosciences, vol.104, pp.93-100, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01493204

D. Potyondy, The bonded-particle model as a tool for rock mechanics research and application: Current trends and future directions, Geosystem Engineering, vol.17, 2014.

D. Potyondy and P. Cundall, A bonded-particle model for rock, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol.41, issue.8, pp.1329-1364, 2004.

L. Scholtès and F. V. Donzé, Modelling progressive failure in fractured rock masses using a 3d discrete element method, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol.52, pp.18-30, 2012.

L. Scholtès and F. V. Donzé, A dem model for soft and hard rocks: role of grain interlocking on strength, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.61, issue.2, pp.352-369, 2013.

M. Schöpfer, S. Abe, C. Childs, and J. Walsh, The impact of porosity and crack density on the elasticity, strength and friction of cohesive granular materials: Insights from dem modelling, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol.46, issue.2, pp.250-261, 2009.

S. Siiriä and J. Yliruusi, Particle packing simulations based on newtonian mechanics, Powder Technology, vol.174, issue.3, pp.82-92, 2007.

V. Smilauer, E. Catalano, B. Chareyre, S. Dorofeenko, J. Duriez et al., , 2015.

P. Stroeven and M. Stroeven, Assessment of packing characteristics by computer simulation, Cement and Concrete Research, vol.29, issue.8, pp.1201-1206, 1999.

J. Teuber, R. Weller, G. Zachmann, and S. Guthe, Fast sphere packings with adaptive grids on the gpu. GI AR/VRWorkshop, vol.4, 2013.

Y. Tian, S. Zhang, P. Lin, Q. Yang, G. Yang et al., Implementing discrete element method for large-scale simulation of particles on multiple gpus, Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol.104, pp.231-240, 2017.

R. R. Valera, I. P. Morales, S. Vanmaercke, C. R. Morfa, L. A. Cortés et al., Modified algorithm for generating high volume fraction sphere packings, Computational Particle Mechanics, vol.2, issue.2, pp.161-172, 2015.

X. Wang and J. K. Morgan, Controls on fore-arc deformation and stress switching after the great 2011 tohoku-oki earthquake from discrete numerical simulations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.124, issue.8, pp.9265-9279, 2019.

E. W. Weisstein and C. Problem, , 2005.

R. Weller and G. Zachmann, Protosphere: A gpu-assisted prototype guided sphere packing algorithm for arbitrary objects, ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2010 Sketches, SA '10, vol.8, pp.1-8, 2010.