All practices are shared, but some more than others: Sharedness of social practices and time-use in food consumption
Résumé
Even though we spend less and less time cooking and eating, food consumption remains a corner stone of the temporal organisation of everyday life. This paper is interested in how and to which extent food practices can be described as shared. We situate our investigationat the confluence ofpractice theories and the empirical analysis of time-use surveys.While qualitative research highlights the interrelations between many activities and agents necessary to consume food, quantitative data,such as time-use surveys,underscore the shared temporality of eating. Weaskwhetherpractices are shared beyond being socially recognized and mutually understandable forms of actions. Accordingly, we are interested inhowsome practices might be described as more shared than others, or shared in different ways?Weidentify three characteristics of sharedness: participation, commitment and temporal concentration. The latter isa key indicator of dispersed collective activity, inasmuch as participantsengage in the practicein similar ways even without coordinating explicitly around it. We measure and compare the characteristics of sharedness by analysingthe Dutch time-use survey 2011 (N=2,005). Such an analysisoffersempirical evidence for our characterisation of sharednessby mapping fivefood-relatedpractices (eating a meal, snacking, cooking, shopping, cleaning)onto five dimensions of temporality (duration, sequence, periodicity, synchronisation, tempo).The characteristics of sharedness afforda systematic framework to analyseculture in dispersed collective activity.Our analysis also providesnovel vistasto reflect upon power in shared practicesby investigatingtheirtemporal concentration.
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