Bivalve δ15N isoscapes provide a baseline for urban nitrogen footprint at the edge of a World Heritage coral reef

M. Thibault (1, 2, 3) , N. Duprey (4) , D.P. Gillikin (5) , Julien Thébault (1) , Pascal Douillet (6) , Laurent Chauvaud (1) , E. Amice (1) , Jean-Marie Munaron (1) , Anne Lorrain (1)

1 LEMAR - Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR)
2 ENTROPIE [Réunion] - Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien
3 LabEX CORAIL - Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL
4 MPIC - Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
5 Union College
6 MIO - Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie

Eutrophication is a major threat to world's coral reefs. Here, we mapped the distribution of the anthropogenic nitrogen footprint around Nouméa, a coastal city surrounded by 15,743 km2 of UNESCO listed reefs. We measured the δ15N signature of 348 long-lived benthic bivalves from 12 species at 27 sites and interpolated these to generate a δ15N isoscape. We evaluated the influence of water residence times on nitrogen enrichment and predicted an eutrophication risk at the UNESCO core area. Nitrogen isoscapes revealed a strong spatial gradient (4.3 to 11.7‰) from the outer lagoon to three highly exposed bays of Nouméa. Several protected reefs would benefit from an improved management of wastewater outputs, while one bay in the UNESCO core area may suffer a high eutrophication risk in the future. Our study reinforces the usefulness of using benthic animals to characterize the anthropogenic N-footprint and provide a necessary baseline for both ecologists and policy makers.

Mots clés: δ15N; New Caledonian; Heritage sites; Isoscape; Bivalve; Eutrophication; Coral reefs; Acl

Domaines: Océanographie; Biodiversité et Ecologie

M. Thibault, N. Duprey, D.P. Gillikin, Julien Thébault, Pascal Douillet, et al.. Bivalve δ15N isoscapes provide a baseline for urban nitrogen footprint at the edge of a World Heritage coral reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020, 152, pp.110870. ⟨10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110870⟩. ⟨hal-02450471⟩