Abnormal Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Calcium Homeostasis in Myopathies and Cardiomyopathies

Vanessa Schartner (1) , Jocelyn Laporte (1) , Johann Böhm

1 IGBMC - Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire

Muscle contraction requires specialized membrane structures with precise geometry and relies on the concerted interplay of electrical stimulation and Ca 2+ release, known as excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). The membrane structure hosting ECC is called triad in skeletal muscle and dyad in cardiac muscle, and structural or functional defects of triads and dyads have been observed in a variety of myopathies and cardiomyopathies. Based on their function, the proteins localized at the triad/dyad can be classified into three molecular pathways: the Ca 2+ release complex (CRC), store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE), and membrane remodeling. All three are mechanistically linked, and consequently, aberrations in any of these pathways cause similar disease entities. This review provides an overview of the clinical and genetic spectrum of triad and dyad defects with a main focus of attention on the underlying pathomechanisms.

Mots clés: membrane remodeling; Triad; dyad; myopathy; cardiomyopathy; excitation-contraction coupling; ECC; store-operated Ca 2+ entry; SOCE; calcium

Domaines: Biologie moléculaire; Organisation et fonctions cellulaires [q-bio.SC]; Génétique animale; Génétique humaine

Vanessa Schartner, Jocelyn Laporte, Johann Böhm. Abnormal Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Calcium Homeostasis in Myopathies and Cardiomyopathies. Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases, 2019, 6, pp.289 - 305. ⟨10.3233/JND-180314⟩. ⟨hal-02438929⟩