B. S. Khakh and R. A. North, Neuromodulation by Extracellular ATP and P2X Receptors in the CNS, Neuron, vol.76, issue.1, pp.51-69, 2012.

R. J. Rodrigues, T. Almeida, P. J. Richardson, C. R. Oliveira, and R. A. Cunha, Dual Presynaptic Control by ATP of Glutamate Release via Facilitatory P2X1, P2X2/3, and P2X3 and Inhibitory P2Y1, P2Y2, and/or P2Y4 Receptors in the Rat Hippocampus, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.27, pp.6286-6295, 2005.

M. E. Rubio and F. Soto, Distinct Localization of P2X Receptors at Excitatory Postsynaptic Specializations, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.21, issue.2, pp.641-653, 2001.

K. Kaczmarek-hajek, J. Zhang, R. Kopp, A. Grosche, B. Rissiek et al., Re-evaluation of neuronal P2X7 expression using novel mouse models and a P2X7-specific nanobody, eLife, vol.7, 2018.

Y. Jo and R. Schlichter, Synaptic corelease of ATP and GABA in cultured spinal neurons, Nature Neuroscience, vol.2, issue.3, pp.241-245, 1999.

M. Mori, C. Heuss, B. H. Gähwiler, and U. Gerber, Fast synaptic transmission mediated by P2X receptors in CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slice cultures, The Journal of Physiology, vol.535, issue.1, pp.115-123, 2001.

G. R. Gordon, D. V. Baimoukhametova, S. A. Hewitt, W. R. Rajapaksha, T. E. Fisher et al., Norepinephrine triggers release of glial ATP to increase postsynaptic efficacy, Nature Neuroscience, vol.8, issue.8, pp.1078-1086, 2005.

G. Zamponi, Faculty Opinions recommendation of Norepinephrine triggers release of glial ATP to increase postsynaptic efficacy., Nat Neurosci, vol.8, issue.8, pp.1078-1086, 2005.

J. Pougnet, E. Toulme, A. Martinez, D. Choquet, E. Hosy et al., ATP P2X Receptors Downregulate AMPA Receptor Trafficking and Postsynaptic Efficacy in Hippocampal Neurons, Neuron, vol.83, issue.2, pp.417-430, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146659

U. Lalo, O. Palygin, S. Rasooli-nejad, J. Andrew, P. G. Haydon et al., Exocytosis of ATP From Astrocytes Modulates Phasic and Tonic Inhibition in the Neocortex, PLoS Biology, vol.12, issue.1, p.e1001747, 2014.

E. Boué-grabot and Y. Pankratov, Modulation of Central Synapses by Astrocyte-Released ATP and Postsynaptic P2X Receptors, Neural Plasticity, vol.2017, pp.1-11, 2017.

P. Illes and A. Verkhratsky, Purinergic neurone-glia signalling in cognitive-related pathologies, Neuropharmacology, vol.104, pp.62-75, 2016.

T. Kawate, J. C. Michel, W. T. Birdsong, and E. Gouaux, Crystal structure of the ATP-gated P2X4 ion channel in the closed state, Nature, vol.460, issue.7255, pp.592-598, 2009.

T. M. Egan and B. S. Khakh, Contribution of Calcium Ions to P2X Channel Responses, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.24, issue.13, pp.3413-3420, 2004.

J. Suurväli, P. Boudinot, J. Kanellopoulos, and S. Rüütel-boudinot, P2X4: A fast and sensitive purinergic receptor, Biomedical Journal, vol.40, issue.5, pp.245-256, 2017.

J. Xu, A. M. Bernstein, A. Wong, X. Lu, S. Khoja et al., P2X4 Receptor Reporter Mice: Sparse Brain Expression and Feeding-Related Presynaptic Facilitation in the Arcuate Nucleus, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.36, issue.34, pp.8902-8920, 2016.

D. Yeung, R. Kharidia, S. C. Brown, and D. C. Górecki, Enhanced expression of the P2X4 receptor in Duchenne muscular dystrophy correlates with macrophage invasion, Neurobiology of Disease, vol.15, issue.2, pp.212-220, 2004.

J. A. Sim, S. Chaumont, J. J. Ulmann, L. Young, M. T. Cho et al., Altered Hippocampal Synaptic Potentiation in P2X4 Knock-Out Mice, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.26, issue.35, pp.9006-9009, 2006.

Y. Pankratov, U. Lalo, O. A. Krishtal, and A. Verkhratsky, P2X receptors and synaptic plasticity, Neuroscience, vol.158, issue.1, pp.137-148, 2009.

F. Cavaliere, F. Florenzano, S. Amadio, F. R. Fusco, M. T. Viscomi et al., Up-regulation of p2x2, p2x4 receptor and ischemic cell death: prevention by p2 antagonists, Neuroscience, vol.120, issue.1, pp.85-98, 2003.

H. Franke and P. Illes, Involvement of P2 receptors in the growth and survival of neurons in the CNS, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol.109, issue.3, pp.297-324, 2006.

G. Burnstock, Purinergic signalling and disorders of the central nervous system, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, vol.7, issue.7, pp.575-590, 2008.

S. Apolloni, C. Montilli, P. Finocchi, and S. Amadio, Membrane compartments and purinergic signalling: P2X receptors in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory events, FEBS Journal, vol.276, issue.2, pp.354-364, 2008.

C. Volonté, S. Apolloni, C. Parisi, and S. Amadio, Purinergic contribution to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neuropharmacology, vol.104, pp.180-193, 2016.

S. Beggs, T. Trang, and M. W. Salter, P2X4R+ microglia drive neuropathic pain, Nature Neuroscience, vol.15, issue.8, pp.1068-1073, 2012.

R. Varma, Y. Chai, J. Troncoso, J. Gu, H. Xing et al., Amyloid-? Induces a Caspase-mediated Cleavage of P2X4 to Promote Purinotoxicity, NeuroMolecular Medicine, vol.11, issue.2, pp.63-75, 2009.

A. Casanovas, S. Hernández, O. Tarabal, J. Rosselló, and J. E. Esquerda, Strong P2X4 purinergic receptor-like immunoreactivity is selectively associated with degenerating neurons in transgenic rodent models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.506, issue.1, pp.75-92, 2007.

L. K. Bobanovic, S. J. Royle, and R. D. Murrell-lagnado, P2X Receptor Trafficking in Neurons Is Subunit Specific, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.22, issue.12, pp.4814-4824, 2002.

S. J. Royle, L. K. Bobanovi?, and R. D. Murrell-lagnado, Identification of a Non-canonical Tyrosine-based Endocytic Motif in an Ionotropic Receptor, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.277, issue.38, pp.35378-35385, 2002.

O. S. Qureshi, A. Paramasivam, J. C. Yu, and R. D. Murrell-lagnado, Regulation of P2X4 receptors by lysosomal targeting, glycan protection and exocytosis, Journal of Cell Science, vol.120, issue.21, pp.3838-3849, 2007.

S. J. Royle, P. R. Evans, D. J. Owen, and R. D. Murrell-lagnado, MU2 ADAPTIN SUBUNIT (AP50) OF AP2 ADAPTOR (SECOND DOMAIN), COMPLEXED WITH NON-CANONICAL INTERNALIZATION PEPTIDE VEDYEQGLSG, Non-canonical, 2005.

S. J. Royle, Non-canonical YXXG endocytic motifs: recognition by AP2 and preferential utilization in P2X4 receptors, Journal of Cell Science, vol.118, issue.14, pp.3073-3080, 2005.

E. Toulme, A. Garcia, D. Samways, T. M. Egan, M. J. Carson et al., P2X4 receptors in activated C8-B4 cells of cerebellar microglial origin, Journal of General Physiology, vol.135, issue.4, pp.333-353, 2010.

Q. Cao, X. Z. Zhong, Y. Zou, R. Murrell-lagnado, M. X. Zhu et al., Calcium release through P2X4 activates calmodulin to promote endolysosomal membrane fusion, Journal of Cell Biology, vol.209, issue.6, pp.879-894, 2015.

P. Huang, Y. Zou, X. Z. Zhong, Q. Cao, K. Zhao et al., P2X4 Forms Functional ATP-activated Cation Channels on Lysosomal Membranes Regulated by Luminal pH, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.289, issue.25, pp.17658-17667, 2014.

L. E. Robinson and R. D. Murrell-lagnado, The trafficking and targeting of P2X receptors, Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, vol.7, p.233, 2013.

M. Andries, P. Van-damme, W. Robberecht, and L. Van-den-bosch, Ivermectin inhibits AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in cultured motor neurons and extends the life span of a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neurobiology of Disease, vol.25, issue.1, pp.8-16, 2007.

S. Khoja, N. Huynh, L. Asatryan, M. W. Jakowec, and D. L. Davies, Reduced expression of purinergic P2X4 receptors increases voluntary ethanol intake in C57BL/6J mice, Alcohol, vol.68, pp.63-70, 2018.

L. R. Wyatt, D. A. Finn, S. Khoja, M. M. Yardley, L. Asatryan et al., Contribution of P2X4 Receptors to Ethanol Intake in Male C57BL/6 Mice, Neurochemical Research, vol.39, issue.6, pp.1127-1139, 2014.

M. Tsuda, Y. Shigemoto-mogami, S. Koizumi, A. Mizokoshi, S. Kohsaka et al., P2X4 receptors induced in spinal microglia gate tactile allodynia after nerve injury, Nature, vol.424, issue.6950, pp.778-783, 2003.

L. Ulmann, J. P. Hatcher, J. P. Hughes, S. Chaumont, P. J. Green et al., Up-Regulation of P2X4 Receptors in Spinal Microglia after Peripheral Nerve Injury Mediates BDNF Release and Neuropathic Pain, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.28, issue.44, pp.11263-11268, 2008.

J. A. Coull, S. Beggs, D. Boudreau, D. Boivin, M. Tsuda et al., BDNF from microglia causes the shift in neuronal anion gradient underlying neuropathic pain, Nature, vol.438, issue.7070, pp.1017-1021, 2005.

L. Ulmann, H. Hirbec, and F. Rassendren, P2X4 receptors mediate PGE2 release by tissue-resident macrophages and initiate inflammatory pain, The EMBO Journal, vol.29, issue.14, pp.2290-2300, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02357597

Y. Jo, E. Donier, A. Martinez, M. Garret, E. Toulmé et al., Cross-talk between P2X4 and ?-Aminobutyric Acid, Type A Receptors Determines Synaptic Efficacy at a Central Synapse, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.286, issue.22, pp.19993-20004, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146571

E. Toulmé, F. Soto, M. Garret, and E. Boué-grabot, Functional Properties of Internalization-Deficient P2X4 Receptors Reveal a Novel Mechanism of Ligand-Gated Channel Facilitation by Ivermectin, Molecular Pharmacology, vol.69, issue.2, pp.576-587, 2005.

I. Chamma, M. Heubl, Q. Chevy, M. Renner, I. Moutkine et al., Activity-Dependent Regulation of the K/Cl Transporter KCC2 Membrane Diffusion, Clustering, and Function in Hippocampal Neurons, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.33, issue.39, pp.15488-15503, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01921360

A. Ray and B. N. Dittel, Isolation of Mouse Peritoneal Cavity Cells, Journal of Visualized Experiments, issue.35, 2010.

A. Berthet, G. Porras, E. Doudnikoff, H. Stark, M. Cador et al., Pharmacological Analysis Demonstrates Dramatic Alteration of D1 Dopamine Receptor Neuronal Distribution in the Rat Analog of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.15, pp.4829-4835, 2009.

E. Bertin, A. Martínez, and E. Boué-grabot, P2X Electrophysiology and Surface Trafficking in Xenopus Oocytes, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol.2041, pp.243-259, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02347696

C. Belzung, Hippocampal mossy fibres: implication in novelty reactions or in anxiety behaviours?, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.51, issue.2, pp.149-155, 1992.

M. J. Renner, A. J. Bennett, and J. C. White, Age and sex as factors influencing spontaneous exploration and object investigation by preadult rats (Rattus norvegicus)., Journal of Comparative Psychology, vol.106, issue.3, pp.217-227, 1992.

S. Pellow and S. E. File, Anxiolytic and anxiogenic drug effects on exploratory activity in an elevated plus-maze: a novel test of anxiety in the rat, Pharmacol Biochem Behav, vol.24, issue.3, pp.525-529, 1986.

F. Dellu, A. Contarino, H. Simon, G. F. Koob, and L. H. Gold, Genetic Differences in Response to Novelty and Spatial Memory Using a Two-Trial Recognition Task in Mice, Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, vol.73, issue.1, pp.31-48, 2000.

P. Bergmann, G. De-paco, A. Rissiek, B. Menzel, S. Dubberke et al., Generation and characterization of specific monoclonal antibodies and Nanobodies directed against the ATPgated channel P2X4
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02395205

K. T. Lê, P. Villeneuve, A. R. Ramjaun, P. S. Mcpherson, A. Beaudet et al., Sensory presynaptic and widespread somatodendritic immunolocalization of central ionotropic P2X ATP receptors, Neuroscience, vol.831998, pp.177-190

G. Buell, C. Lewis, G. Collo, R. A. North, and A. Surprenant, An antagonist-insensitive P2X receptor expressed in epithelia and brain, The EMBO journal, vol.15, issue.1, pp.55-62, 1996.

L. Ulmann, F. Levavasseur, E. Avignone, R. Peyroutou, H. Hirbec et al., Involvement of P2X4 receptors in hippocampal microglial activation after status epilepticus, Glia, vol.61, issue.8, pp.1306-1319, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02357593

S. C. Dulawa, D. K. Grandy, M. J. Low, M. P. Paulus, and M. A. Geyer, Dopamine D4 receptor-knock-out mice exhibit reduced exploration of novel stimuli, J Neurosci, vol.19, issue.21, pp.9550-9556, 1999.

O. Nicole, S. Hadzibegovic, J. Gajda, B. Bontempi, T. Bem et al., Soluble amyloid beta oligomers block the learning-induced increase in hippocampal sharp wave-ripple rate and impair spatial memory formation, Sci Rep, vol.6, p.22728, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01284761

J. A. Layhadi, J. Turner, D. Crossman, and S. J. Fountain, ATP Evokes Ca(2+) Responses and CXCL5 Secretion via P2X4 Receptor Activation in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages, J Immunol, vol.200, issue.3, pp.1159-1168, 2018.

J. Z. Tsien, D. F. Chen, D. Gerber, C. Tom, E. H. Mercer et al., Subregion-and cell typerestricted gene knockout in mouse brain, Cell, vol.87, issue.7, pp.1317-1326, 1996.

L. Stokes, J. A. Layhadi, L. Bibic, K. Dhuna, and S. J. Fountain, P2X4 Receptor Function in the Nervous System and Current Breakthroughs in Pharmacology, Front Pharmacol, vol.8, p.291, 2017.

K. M. Franklin, L. Asatryan, M. W. Jakowec, J. R. Trudell, R. L. Bell et al., P2X4 receptors (P2X4Rs) represent a novel target for the development of drugs to prevent and/or treat alcohol use disorders, Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol.8, p.176, 2014.

R. L. Huganir and R. A. Nicoll, AMPARs and synaptic plasticity: the last 25 years, Neuron, vol.80, issue.3, pp.704-717, 2013.

A. W. Baxter, S. J. Choi, J. A. Sim, and R. A. North, Role of P2X4 receptors in synaptic strengthening in mouse CA1 hippocampal neurons, Eur J Neurosci, vol.34, issue.2, pp.213-220, 2011.

Y. V. Pankratov, U. V. Lalo, and O. A. Krishtal, Role for P2X receptors in long-term potentiation, J Neurosci, vol.22, issue.19, pp.8363-8369, 2002.

Y. H. Jo and E. Boue-grabot, Interplay between ionotropic receptors modulates inhibitory synaptic strength, Commun Integr Biol, vol.4, issue.6, pp.706-709, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146599

L. R. Wyatt, S. C. Godar, S. Khoja, M. W. Jakowec, R. L. Alkana et al., Sociocommunicative and Sensorimotor Impairments in Male P2X4-Deficient Mice, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.38, pp.1993-2002

M. Mayford, M. E. Bach, Y. Y. Huang, L. Wang, R. D. Hawkins et al., Control of memory formation through regulated expression of a CaMKII transgene, Science, vol.274, issue.5293, pp.1678-1683, 1996.

C. N. Parkhurst, G. Yang, I. Ninan, J. N. Savas, J. R. Yates et al., Microglia promote learning-dependent synapse formation through brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Cell, 2013.

S. Hafner, K. Wagner, S. Weber, M. Groger, M. Wepler et al., Role of the Purinergic Receptor P2XR4 After Blunt Chest Trauma in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice, Shock, 2017.

H. Chen, Q. Xia, X. Feng, F. Cao, H. Yu et al., Effect of P2X4R on airway inflammation and airway remodeling in allergic airway challenge in mice, Mol Med Rep, vol.13, issue.1, pp.697-704, 2016.

T. Yang, J. B. Shen, R. Yang, J. Redden, K. Dodge-kafka et al., Novel protective role of endogenous cardiac myocyte P2X4 receptors in heart failure, Circ Heart Fail, vol.7, issue.3, pp.510-518, 2014.

M. A. Pettengill, C. Marques-da-silva, M. L. Avila, S. Oliveira, S. Lam et al., Reversible inhibition of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in epithelial cells due to stimulation of P2X(4) receptors, Infect Immun, vol.80, issue.12, pp.4232-4238, 2012.

E. Gonzales, B. Julien, V. Serriere-lanneau, A. Nicou, I. Doignon et al., ATP release after partial hepatectomy regulates liver regeneration in the rat, J Hepatol, vol.52, issue.1, pp.54-62, 2010.