, Red sanders is protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora (1995) and has been listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of, Nature, 1998.

, Encounter' reflects the licence delivered to police and army forces to kill unarmed civilians with impunity, notably alleged 'Naxalites

, For the report see NCDNTHR, 2014.

, The state of Andhra Pradesh separated from the Telangana region in, 2014.

P. S. See and . Jha,

, During his father's term, his fortune rose from 10 lakh in 2004 to 72 crore in 2009, and to 400 crore in, vol.28, 2014.

, The constituency of the ex-Chief Minister YSR and his son Jagan is located in Kadapa district, 100 kilometres from the Seshachalam forest; the constituency of the ex-Chief Minister, Kiran Kumar Reddy, and his brother Kishore is adjacent to the forest in Chittoor district

, To follow the details of the case, see Indian Kanoon, 1999.

, Chandrababu Naidu was Chief Minister between, 1995.

P. Ramachandra, Reddy contested elections for the Janata party in 1978 and for the Congress party in 1985 and lost on both occasions

, For official details, see National Election Watch (n.d.)

M. K. , Kumar 2014) states that 'woodcutters come from Thrivullaur, Vellore, Krishnagiri, Thiruvannamalai, Kancheepuram, and Villupuram of Tamil Nadu and are supposedly brought by middlemen from Thiruvannamalai and Salem districts'. A detailed news report published in Frontline mentions they are mostly 'Vannyars and Malayali Scheduled Tribe hailed from the border districts of Salem, A detailed report published in 2014, 2015.

, Often labour migration is used to reduce manpower costs and to avoid the application of labour laws. Generally economic sectors present multiple layers of intermediation and of subcontracting. Therefore, in this economy it is common to observe migrant labourers, often of a specific caste and/or region, The characteristics of Indian informal labour markets are well known, 1996.

, The silence of the population about the red sanders mafia contrasts with the possibility for some journalists to cover and expose the red sanders mafia

, It remains unclear if they used duplicate seals or brought customs officials in to affix the seals

, According to media coverage, this information came to light during questioning of the customs clearance agent-turned-smuggler. The directorate of revenue intelligence (DRI) had earlier arrested him in 2010 for allegedly smuggling red sanders worth INR 5.03 crore to Dubai

, The committee was made up of advocates, tribal leaders and intellectuals from Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, convened to 'investigate the death and arrest of thousands of members of de-notified tribes from Tamil Nadu during the anti-smuggling operations by the police in Andhra Pradesh, 2014.

, See also Times of India, 2015.

, A few examples of press headlines: 'Veerappan Gone, But his Group Still Active in Seshachalam Forests' and 'It Bore Veerappan Mark

E. Basile and B. Harriss-white, Introduction: India's Informal Capitalism and its Regulation, International Review of Sociology: Revue Internationale de Sociologie, vol.20, issue.3, pp.457-71, 2010.

J. Breman, Footloose Labour. Working in India's Informal Economy, 1996.

D. Herald, AP Gets Centre's Nod to Sell Red Sanders via Global Tenders, But His Group Still Active in Seshachalam Forests', 24 January, p.18, 2014.

, Encounter" Killings of 20 Tamil wage labourers by Andhra Pradesh STF Police, p.12, 2015.

B. Harriss-white, India Working: Essays on Society and Economy, 2003.

. Indian-kanoon, Andhra High Court : Kollam Brahmananda Reddy vs State Of A.P on 11 February, 1999.

, Sandalwood Smuggling. Environmentalism, Chapter 27, 2013.

A. Janardhanan, Red Sanders Killings: Burn Scars, Bloodless Wounds and Many Question Marks', Indian Express, p.24, 2015.

S. Janyala, Bodies of Five Suspected Red Sanders Workers Recovered from Lake in Kadapa, p.24, 2018.

S. Kulkarni, Red Sandalwood Smuggling: LCB Constables' Role Exposed, p.12, 2013.

M. K. Kumar, Red Sandal Labour Killings', Kranthisena blog, p.30, 2014.

L. Michelutti, The Vernacularisation of Democracy: Politics, Caste, and Religion in India, 2008.

C. Moffat, Politics and the Work of the Dead in Modern India, Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol.60, issue.1, pp.178-211, 2018.

T. E. Narasimhan, The Sad Business of Smuggling Red Sanders Wood, p.16, 2014.

C. August, , p.18, 2018.

, Asset and declared cases comparison: P. Ramachandra Reddy, p.28, 2018.

. Ncdnthr, Fact-Finding Report: Killing of 7 and Detention of 2000 By Branding as Red Sanders Smugglers, p.18, 2014.

V. Nemana, Who is Benefiting from South India's Lucrative Red Sandalwood Smuggling Trade?' Scroll, 2015.

P. Nichenametla, Red Sanders Smuggling: A Well-oiled Network Behind Andhra's Blood Wood', Hindustan Times, p.16, 2015.

D. Picherit, Workers, Trust Us!": Labour Middlemen and the Rise of the Lower Castes in Andhra Pradesh', in India's Unfree Workforce: Of Bondage Old and New, pp.259-83, 2009.

D. Picherit, The Henchman', in Mafia Raj: The Rule of Bosses in South Asia, pp.97-127, 2018.

P. Prasad, Agrarian Class and Caste Relations in "United, Economic & Political Weekly, vol.50, issue.16, pp.77-83, 2015.

S. Raghavan, Veerappan-style Smugglers Attack Tirumala Rangers, 2 Officers Stoned to Death', Deccan Chronicle, 2013.

V. M. Raj, Exploitation of Forest Economy under British Rule in Cuddapah District of Andhra, EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review, vol.2, issue.3, pp.33-42, 2014.

S. Rajappa, AP Encounter Cops Deserve President's Police Medal, The Weekend Leader. com, 13 April, p.18, 2015.

I. Rajasekaran, Law of the Jungle'. Frontline, p.13, 2015.

A. D. Rangarajan and B. V. Sandeep, The Rise and Fall of Gangi Reddy, The Hindu, p.28, 2015.

S. U. Reddy, Sanders Crooks are from Dubai', Deccan Chronicle, p.12, 2014.

S. U. Reddy, Smugglers' Assets go Untouched', Deccan Chronicle, 2014.

S. U. Reddy, Red Sanders Smugglers Attend Wedding in Dubai', Deccan Chronicle, p.25, 2015.

G. Seal, The Robin Hood Principle: History, Myth and the Social Bandit, Journal of Folklore Research, vol.46, issue.1, pp.67-89, 2009.

A. Shah, J. Lerche, R. Axelby, D. Benbabaali, B. Donegan et al., Ground Down by Growth: Tribe, Caste, Class and Inequality in 21st Century India, 2017.

C. Still, The Legend', in Mafia Raj: The Rule of Bosses in South Asia, pp.203-231, 2018.

S. Subrahmanyam, Aspects of State Formation in South India and Southeast Asia, Indian Economic Social History Review, vol.23, pp.357-77, 1986.

M. V. Subramanyam, Naidu's Letter Tightened Noose on Gangi Reddy, The Hindu, vol.16, p.23, 2015.

I. Times-of, Gangi Reddy: The "Woodpecker" from Kadapa, p.22, 2015.

I. Times-of, Influential Uppercaste Leaders Behind Red Sanders Smuggling, 2015.

H. April, , p.19, 2018.

K. Umashanker, Most Wanted Red Sanders Smuggler Arrested in Mauritius, The Hindu, p.24, 2015.

C. February, , 2019.

K. Umashanker, Amended Law no Deterrent to Red Sanders Smuggling, The Hindu, vol.22, p.23, 2017.

S. Vadlapatla, Andhra's U-turn: Lift Ban on Red Sander Trees Felling, Times of India, p.11, 2015.

C. April, , p.18, 2019.

M. Vaishnav, When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics, 2017.