Physical modelling of extreme waves: Gaussian wave groups and solitary waves in the nearshore zone
Résumé
Laboratory-scale waves of two distinct types were generated in a two- dimensional wave flume to model the spatial evolution of the frequency spectrum in the nearshore zone. The two generated types are Gaussian wave groups of different spectra widths and solitary waves. In the experiment, the time series of free surface elevation along the flume are obtained along a distance of 10m using wave gauges. For each Gaussian wave train, four regions were defined, namely peak, transfer, high frequency and low frequency region referred to as E1, E2, E3 and E4. The repartition was based on the maximum frequency spectrum situated in E1 at X = 4m. Focusing is a complex process; this is mainly due to nonlinear energy transfer between different frequency ranges. It was concluded that the energy keeps stable in E1 and spreads toward E3 before breaking. The frequency spectrum in E2 has a decreasing trend during the wave train propagation. After the breaking, the frequency spectrum in E2 stops decreasing. It was found also that frequency spectrum increases during the focusing process in E4. Concerning solitary waves, it was found that the frequency spectrum of the main solitary wave decreases as the wave approaches the breaking zone.