. Abbink, Pp. 1-33 in Vanguard or Vandals. Youth, Politics and Conflict in Africa, 2005.

, African Union, 2006.

P. Alexander and P. Pfaffe, Social relationships to the Means and Ends of Protest in South Africa's Ongoing Rebellion of the Poor: The Balfour Insurrections, Social Movement Studies, vol.13, issue.2, pp.204-221, 2014.

A. Appadurai, The Capacity to Aspire: Culture and the Terms of Recognition, in Culture and Public Action, pp.59-84, 2004.

J. Auyero, Contentious Lives: Two Argentine Women, Two Protests, and the Quest for Recognition, 2003.

R. Ballard, A. Habib, and I. Valodia, Voices of Protest: Social Movements in Post Apartheid South Africa, 2006.

F. Barchiesi, Precarious Liberation. Workers, the State, and Contested Citizenship in Postapartheid South Africa, 2011.

P. Bourdieu, Sociology in Question. French edition 1980. Translated by Richard Nice, 1993.

, Millennial Capitalism and the Culture of Neoliberalism, 2001.

J. Comaroff and J. Comaroff, in Makers and Breakers, Made and Broken: Children and Youth as Emerging Categories in Postcolonial Africa, pp.267-281, 2005.

H. Dawson, Youth Politics: Waiting and Envy in a South African Informal Settlement, Journal of Southern African Studies, vol.40, issue.4, pp.861-882, 2014.

. Della-porta and . Donatella, Recruitment processes in clandestine political organizations : Italian left-wing terrorism, pp.155-172, 1988.

N. Dhillon and T. M. Youssef, Waiting: The Unfulfilled Promise of Young People in the Middle East, 2009.

D. Nunzio and M. , Embracing Uncertainty: Young People on the Move in Addis Ababa's Inner City, Ethnographies of Uncertainty in Africa, pp.149-172, 2015.

C. Dubar, Socialisation Politique et Identités Partisanes: Pistes de Recherche, in L'Identité Politique, pp.227-236, 1994.

N. Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics: How Americans Produce Apathy in Everyday Life, 1998.

S. M. Evans, Personal Politics: The Roots of Women's Liberation in the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left, 1979.

J. Ferguson, Give a Man a Fish: Reflections on the New Politics of Distribution. Durham and London, 2015.

D. Gaxie, Économie des partis et rétributions du militantisme, Revue Française de Science Politique, vol.27, issue.1, pp.123-154, 1977.

M. Giugni and M. T. Grasso, The Biographical Impact of Participation in Social Movements Activities. Beyond Highly New Left Activism, Pp. 85-105 in The Consequences of Social Movements, 2016.

A. Honwana, Youth transitions and social change, Development and Equity. An Interdisciplinary Exploration by Ten Scholars from Africa, Asia and Latin America, pp.28-40, 2014.

J. M. Jasper, The Art of Moral Protest. Culture, Biography, and Creativity in Social Movements, 1997.

C. Jeffrey, Timepass: Youth, Class, and the Politics of Waiting in India, 2010.

S. Lazar, The Social Life of Politics: Ethics, Kinship, and Union Activism in Argentina, 2017.

D. Mains, Neoliberal Times: Progress, Boredom, and Shame among Young Men in Urban Ethiopia, American Ethnologist, vol.34, issue.4, pp.659-673, 2007.

D. Mains, Hope is Cut. Youth, Unemployment, and the future in Urban Ethiopia, 2012.

A. Masquelier, Teatime: Boredom and the Temporalities of Young Men in Niger, Africa, vol.83, issue.3, 2013.

R. Mattes, The 'Born Frees:' The Prospects for Generational Change in Post-apartheid South Africa, Australian Journal of Political Science, vol.47, issue.1, pp.133-153, 2012.

D. Mcadam, Beyond Structural Analysis. Toward a more Dynamic Understanding of Social Movements, in Social Movements and Networks. Relational Approaches to Collective Action, pp.281-298, 2003.

D. Mckinley and A. Veriava, Johannesburg and Cape Town: Center for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, 2005.

M. Moiloa, Youth in Khutsong, South Africa: Nostalgia for a Different Political Present, Peace and Conflict, vol.18, issue.3, pp.329-340, 2012.

F. Polletta and J. M. Jasper, Collective Identity and Social Movements, Annual Review of Sociology, vol.27, pp.283-305, 2001.

R. Pithouse, Conjonctural Remarks on the Political Significance of 'the local', Thesis Eleven, vol.115, issue.1, pp.95-111, 2013.

F. Sawicki and B. Duriez, Réseaux de Sociabilité et Adhésion Syndicale: Le Cas de la CFDT, Politix, vol.63, pp.17-57, 2003.

J. Seekings and N. Nattrass, Policy, Politics, and Poverty in South Africa, 2015.

D. Snow, L. Zurcher, and S. Elkland-olson, Social Networks and Social Movements: A Microstructural Approach to Differential Recruitment, American Sociological Review, vol.45, issue.5, pp.787-801, 1980.

S. Staggenborg, Gender, Family, and Social Movements, 1998.

S. A. Stats, Quarterly Labour Force Survey, 2017.

S. A. Stats, Youth Unemployment Still High in Q1, July, vol.28, 2018.

S. Swartz, J. H. Harding, and A. D. Lannoy, Ikasi Style and the Quiet Violence of Dreams: A Critique of Youth Belonging in Post-Apartheid South Africa, in Youth Citizenship and the Politics of Belonging, pp.27-40, 2013.

S. Swartz, Ikasi: The Moral Ecology of South Africa's Township Youth, 2010.

L. Thévenot, L'Action au pluriel. Sociologie des régimes d'engagement. Paris: La Découverte, vol.34, 2006.

H. Vigh, Motion Squared: A Second Look at the Concept of Social Navigation, Anthropological Theory, vol.9, issue.4, pp.419-438, 2009.

J. Tournadre, A Turbulent South Africa, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01726534

A. Zorn, Poor People's Movements, The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements, 2013.