Enhanced Production of γ‐Valerolactone with an Internal Source of Hydrogen on Ca‐Modified TiO 2 Supported Ru Catalysts
Résumé
In this work, calcium-modified titania supported Ru catalysts were synthesized and evaluated in the levulinic acid hydrogenation with formic acid as internal hydrogen source and water as green solvent. A new elegant photo-assisted method allowing the synthesis of uniform size and evenly distributed Ru particles on the titania surface was developed. Compared to the counterpart catalysts prepared by classical wet impregnation, enhanced levulinic acid conversion and-valerolactone yield were reached, and further exalted thanks to the support modification via the calcium introduction into the titania support. This synthesis approach resulted in a change of the surface and bulk properties of the support, namely a decrease in the anatase crystallite size and the formation of new calcium titanate phase. In consequence the properties of the catalysts were modified, and smaller ruthenium particles interacting stronger with the support were developed. This affected the strength of CO adsorption on the catalyst surface and facilitated the reaction performance. The optimum size of Ru particles allowing for most efficient levulinic acid conversion was established.
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