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1: iMOST Terms of Reference HISTORICAL NOTE: This Terms of Reference document was prepared at the time NASA, ESA, and IMEWG were in the early stages of planning the The 2nd International Mars Sample Return Conference, which was subsequently held, Review of Progress Toward Implementing the Decadal Survey Vision and Voyages for Planetary Sciences, 2017. ,
, Acetyl-CoA pathway -Set of biochemical reactions used by some bacteria and archaea called acetogens. Also known as the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway
, Aeolian -Pertaining to a process or feature formed by the movement of an atmosphere interacting with a bodies' surface
, Allogenic -Originated from eroded ancient crust. Alteration halo -A border of minerals produced by hydrothermal alteration in the rock surrounding a vein
, Amazonian -Most recent martian geologic epoch, dominated by hyperarid, cold conditions and low meteorite and asteroid impact rates. Generally accepted to span from 3.0Ga to present day. Anaerobic -Relating to or requiring an absence of free oxygen
Of rocks] to have no defined crystal faces, or cross-section shape in thin section. Authigenic -In situ newly formed minerals in a deposit by various chemical reactions ,
, Breccia -Rock comprised of angular fragments of stones cemented by finer calcareous material. CheMin -Chemistry and Mineralogy X-diffraction instrument aboard NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Rover. Chemosynthetic pathways -Use of energy released by inorganic chemical reactions for nutrition. Chemolithotroph -Organism that uses inorganic reduced compounds for energy
, Chemotrophic -[of organisms] to obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors
, Clastic rocks are accumulations of transported weathering debris that have been lithified
, Concretion -Feature formed when water carries dissolved minerals through sediments or porous rocks and minerals precipitate such that surrounding sediments are incorporated or replaced
, Inter-clast space is generally filled with smaller particles and/or a calcite or quartz cement. Cosmogenic nuclides -Nuclides (isotopes) created when high-energy cosmic rays interact with nuclei, causing nucleons to be expelled. Crystal mold -Diagnostically-shaped cavity left in rock after dissolution of a crystal of a specific mineral phase, Conglomerate -Clastic sedimentary rock containing rounded clasts > 2 mm diameter
, Diagenesis -Process of sediment modification post-deposition, including cementation, compaction, leaching and replacement, but excluding weathering and metamorphism
Deposited from warm waters at shallow depth at relatively low temperature and pressure (compared to the higher pressure and temperatures in hypothermal and mesothermal environments) ,
, Evaporites -Water-soluble mineral sediment that results from concentration and crystallization by evaporation from an aqueous solution
, Filamentous -of a slender object or fibre, particular those found in plant or animal structures. Feldspar -Mineral in the feldspar group (KAlSi3O8 -NaAlSi3O8 -CaAl2Si2O8) of rock-forming tectosilicate minerals. Feldspars are ~41 wt. % of the Earth's continental crust. Feldspar-bearing rocks are said to be Feldspathic. Fractional Crystallisation -The removal of early formed crystals from an originally homogeneous magma (for example, by gravity settling) so that these crystals are prevented from further reaction with the residual melt. The composition of the remaining melt becomes relatively depleted in some components and enriched in others