Inventory and distribution of tritium in the oceans in 2016

Pierre-Emmanuel Oms (1) , Pascal Bailly Du Bois (1) , Franck Dumas (2) , Pascal Lazure (3) , Mehdi Morillon (1) , Claire Voiseux (1) , Cedric Le Corre (4) , Catherine Cossonnet (4) , Luc Solier (1) , Pascal Morin (5)

1 IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRC - Laboratoire de Radioécologie de Cherbourg-Octeville
2 SHOM - Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine
3 LOPS - Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale
4 IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME/LMRE - Laboratoire de métrologie de la radioactivité dans l'environnement
5 IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer

Tritium concentrations in oceans were compiled from the literature, online databases and original measurements in order to determine the global distribution of tritium concentrations according to latitude and depth in all oceans. The total inventory of tritium decay corrected in 2016 has been estimated using evaluation of the natural and artificial contributions in 23 spatial subdivisions of the total ocean. It is determined equal to 26.8 ± 14 kg including 3.8 kg of cosmogenic tritium. That is in agreement with the total atmospheric input of tritium from nuclear bomb tests and the natural inventory at steady-state estimated from natural production rates in the literature (25.6 – 28 kg in the Earth). A global increase in tritium concentration was observed according to latitude in the Northern hemisphere with a maximum in the Arctic Ocean. The minimum tritium concentrations observed in the Southern Ocean were close to steady-state with known natural tritium deposition. We focused on the temporal evolution of surface (0 to 500 m) tritium concentrations in a selected area of the North Atlantic Ocean (30°N - 60°N) where we found the 2016 concentration to be 0.60 ± 0.05 TU (1σ). Results showed that in that area, between 1988 and 2013, tritium concentrations: i) decreased faster than the sole radioactive decay, due to a mixing with lower and lateral less concentrated waters, and ii) decreased towards an apparent steady state concentration. The half-time mixing rate of surface waters and the steady state concentration were respectively calculated to be 23 ± 5 years (1σ) and 0.38 ± 0.07 TU (1σ). This apparent steady-state concentration in the North Atlantic Ocean implies a mean tritium deposition of 1870 ± 345 Bq.m-2 (1σ), five folds higher than the known inputs (natural, nuclear tests fallout and industrial releases, ~367 Bq.m-2) in this area. Keywords: Radionuclide, Tracer, Database, Background concentration.

Domaines: Sciences de l'environnement

Pierre-Emmanuel Oms, Pascal Bailly Du Bois, Franck Dumas, Pascal Lazure, Mehdi Morillon, et al.. Inventory and distribution of tritium in the oceans in 2016. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 656, pp.1289-1303. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.448⟩. ⟨hal-02336283⟩