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Pré-Publication, Document De Travail Année : 2019

Ectoderm to mesoderm transition by downregulation of actomyosin contractility

Résumé

Collective migration of cohesive tissues is a fundamental process in morphogenesis, and is particularly well illustrated during gastrulation by the rapid and massive internalization of the mesoderm, which contrasts with the much more modest movements of the ectoderm. In the Xenopus embryo, the differences in morphogenetic capabilities of these two tissues can be traced down to the properties of individual cells, which, when studied in vitro, show opposite intrinsic organizations, cohesive for ectoderm, dispersive for mesoderm. Surprisingly, we find these seemingly deep differences can simply be accounted for by differences in Rock-dependent actomyosin contractility. We show that Rock inhibition is sufficient to rapidly unleash motility in the ectoderm and confer it with mesoderm-like properties. In the endogenous mesoderm, this motility is dependent on two RhoA negative regulators, the small GTPase Rnd1 and the RhoGAP Shirin/Dlc2/ArhGAP37. Both are absolutely essential for gastrulation. At the cellular and tissue level, the two regulators show overlapping yet distinct functions: They are both necessary and sufficient to confer motility, but Shirin tends to stimulate more dispersion, while Rnd1 tends to favour more compact collective migration, each able to contribute to a specific property of the migratory behaviour of the mesoderm.
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EctoMesoText and legends-20191209.pdf (341.58 Ko) Télécharger le fichier
EctoMeso-Figures 1-8.pdf (1.94 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
EctoMeso-SupplementaryFigures.pdf (644.27 Ko) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 1 - Ectoderm cell - paxillin.avi (181.24 Ko) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 10 - Ectoderm + shirin explant spreading on fibronectin.avi (21.06 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 11 - Mesoderm control explant spreading on fibronectin.avi (13.77 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 12 - Mesoderm +Y27632 explant spreading on fibronectin.avi (14.66 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 13 - Mesoderm +RndMO explant spreading on fibronectin.avi (15.53 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 14 - Mesoderm +shirinMO explant spreading on fibronectin.avi (15.64 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 15 - Micropipette aspiration of control ectoderm explant.avi (8.63 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 16 - Micropipette aspiration of control mesoderm explant.avi (8.71 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 2 - Mesoderm cell - paxillin.avi (372.04 Ko) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 3 - Ectoderm cell treated with Y27632.avi (197.36 Ko) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 4_.avi (466.29 Ko) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 5 - Mesoderm migration - Rnd1MO - ShiMO - Y27632.avi (2.48 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 6 - Ectoderm migration - ectopic Rnd - Shi.avi (895.86 Ko) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 7 - Ectoderm control explant spreading on fibronectin.avi (9.42 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 8 - Ectoderm +Y27632 explant spreading on fibronectin.avi (13.24 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Supplementary movie 9 - Ectoderm +Rnd1 explant spreading on fibronectin.avi (12.52 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
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Dates et versions

hal-02332030 , version 1 (24-10-2019)
hal-02332030 , version 2 (09-12-2019)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-02332030 , version 2

Citer

Leily Kashkooli, David Rozema, Lina Espejo-Ramirez, Paul Lasko, François Fagotto. Ectoderm to mesoderm transition by downregulation of actomyosin contractility. 2019. ⟨hal-02332030v2⟩
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