Quantitative inequality for the eigenvalue of a Schrödinger operator in the ball

Idriss Mazari (1, 2)

1 SU - Sorbonne Université
2 LJLL - Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions

The aim of this article is to prove a quantitative inequality for the first eigenvalue of a Schrödinger operator in the ball. More precisely, we optimize the first eigenvalue λ(V) of the operator Lv := −∆ + V with Dirichlet boundary conditions with respect to the potential V , under L 1 and L ∞ constraints on V. The solution has been known to be the characteristic function of a centered ball, but this article aims at proving a sharp growth rate of the following form: if V * is a minimizer, then λ(V) − λ(V *) C||V − V * || 2 L 1 (Ω) for some C > 0. The proof relies on two notions of derivatives for shape optimization: parametric derivatives and shape derivatives. We use parametric derivatives to handle radial competitors, and shape derivatives to deal with normal deformation of the ball. A dichotomy is then established to extend the result to all other potentials. We develop a new method to handle radial distributions and a comparison principle to handle second order shape derivatives at the ball. Finally, we add some remarks regarding the coercivity norm of the second order shape derivative in this context.

Mots clés: mathematical biology; Stability for eigenvalues; Schrödinger operator

Domaines: Mathématiques [math]; Equations aux dérivées partielles [math.AP]; Optimisation et contrôle [math.OC]

Idriss Mazari. Quantitative inequality for the eigenvalue of a Schrödinger operator in the ball. 2019. ⟨hal-02280179v2⟩