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, and Europe-wide movements such as the recently-announced Plan S ('About Plan S'), has the potential to shake up established ways of publishing academic research. Within book publishing, the traditional print formats and the conventional ways of disseminating research, which are protected and promoted by a small number of powerful incumbents, are being challenged. Academic publishing, and academic book publishing, the requirements of REFs 2021 (UKRI) and 2027, 2018.