M. L. Falk and J. S. Langer, Phys. Rev. E, vol.57, p.7192, 1998.

V. V. Bulatov and A. S. Argon, Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng, vol.2, p.167, 1994.

V. V. Bulatov and A. S. Argon, Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng, vol.2, p.185, 1994.

V. V. Bulatov and A. S. Argon, Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng, vol.2, p.203, 1994.

A. Lema??trelema??tre, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.89, p.64303, 2002.

A. Lema??trelema??tre, cond-mat/0108442, Phys. Rev. Lett

K. Chen, P. Bak, and S. P. Obhukhov, Phys. Rev. A, vol.43, p.625, 1991.

P. Miltenberger, D. Sornette, and C. Vanneste, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.71, p.3604, 1993.

R. L. Selinger, B. B. Smith, and W. D. Luo, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc, vol.653, 2000.

M. C. Miguel, A. Vespignani, M. Zaiser, and S. Zapperi, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.89, p.165501, 2002.

A. N. Poliakov and H. J. Herrmann, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.21, p.2143, 1994.

A. N. Poliakov, H. J. Herrmann, Y. Y. Podlachikov, and S. Roux, Fractals, vol.2, p.567, 1994.

E. Rolley, C. Guthmann, and R. Gombrowicz, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.80, p.2865, 1998.

S. Lemerle, J. Ferré, C. Chappert, V. Mathet, T. Giamarchi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.80, p.849, 1998.

D. Wilkinson and J. F. Willemsen, J. Phys. A, vol.16, p.3365, 1983.

J. Schmittbuhl, S. Roux, and Y. Berthaud, Europhys. Lett, vol.28, p.585, 1994.

A. Tanguy, M. Gounelle, and S. Roux, Phys. Rev. E, vol.58, p.1577, 1998.

S. Ramanathan and D. S. Fisher, Phys. Rev. B, vol.58, p.6026, 1998.

G. Blatter, M. V. Feigel'man, V. B. Geshkenbein, A. I. Larkin, and V. M. Vinokur, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.66, p.1125, 1994.

G. Grüner, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.60, p.1129, 1988.

, When < 0, an effective value of eff ˆ 0 should be read in this formula

R. Skoe, D. Vandembroucq, and S. Roux, Int. J. Mod. Phys. C, vol.13, p.751, 2002.