Mortality Prediction in Severe Congestive Heart Failure Patients With Multifractal Point-Process Modeling of Heartbeat Dynamics

Gaetano Valenza (1) , Herwig Wendt (2, 3) , Ken Kiyono (4) , Junihiro Hayano (5) , Eiichi Watanabe (6) , Yoshiharu Yamamoto (7) , Patrice Abry (8) , Riccardo Barbieri (9)

1 University of Pisa - Università di Pisa
2 IRIT-MINDS - CoMputational imagINg anD viSion
3 CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
4 Osaka University [Osaka]
5 Nagoya City University [Nagoya, Japan]
6 Fujita Health University
7 UTokyo - The University of Tokyo
8 Phys-ENS - Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon
9 POLIMI - Politecnico di Milano [Milan]

Background: Multifractal analysis of human heartbeat dynamics has been demonstrated to provide promising markers of congestive heart failure (CHF). Yet, it crucially builds on the interpolation of RR interval series which has been generically performed with limited links to CHF pathophysiology. Objective: We devise a novel methodology estimating multifractal autonomic dynamics from heartbeat-derived series defined in the continuous time. We hypothesize that markers estimated from our novel framework are also effective for mortality prediction in severe CHF. Methods: We merge multifractal analysis within a methodological framework based on inhomogeneous point process models of heartbeat dynamics. Specifically, wavelet coefficients and wavelet leaders are computed over measures extracted from instantaneous statistics of probability density functions characterizing and predicting the time until the next heartbeat event occurs. The proposed approach is tested on data from 94 CHF patients aiming at predicting survivor and nonsurvivor individuals as determined after a four years follow up. Results and Discussion: Instantaneous markers of vagal and sympathovagal dynamics display power-law scaling for a large range of scales, from ≃ 0.5 to ≃ 100 s. Using standard support vector machine algorithms, the proposed inhomogeneous point-process representation-based multifractal analysis achieved the best CHF mortality prediction accuracy of 79.11% (sensitivity 90.48%, specificity 67.74%). Conclusion: Our results suggest that heartbeat scaling and multifractal properties in CHF patients are not generated at the sinus-node level, but rather by the intrinsic action of vagal short-term control and of sympatho-vagal fluctuations associated with circadian cardiovascular control especially within the very low frequency band. These markers might provide critical information in devising a clinical tool for individualized prediction of survivor and nonsurvivor CHF patients.

Mots clés: Multifractal analysis; Point process; Heart rate variability; Wavelet coefficients; Wavelet leaders; Congestive heart failure; Autonomic nervous system

Domaines: Modélisation et simulation; Analyse numérique [cs.NA]

Gaetano Valenza, Herwig Wendt, Ken Kiyono, Junihiro Hayano, Eiichi Watanabe, et al.. Mortality Prediction in Severe Congestive Heart Failure Patients With Multifractal Point-Process Modeling of Heartbeat Dynamics. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2018, 65 (10), pp.2345-2354. ⟨10.1109/TBME.2018.2797158⟩. ⟨hal-02089319⟩