Gaia Data Release 2. Variable stars in the colour-absolute magnitude diagram

L. Eyer 1 L. Rimoldini M. Audard 2 R. Anderson K. Nienartowicz F. Glass O. Marchal 3 M. Grenon 4 N. Mowlavi B. Holl G. Clementini 5 C. Aerts T. Mazeh 6 D. Evans L. Szabados 7 A Brown A. Vallenari 8 T. Prusti 9 J. de Bruijne 10 C. Babusiaux 3 C Bailer-Jones M. Biermann F. Jansen 11 C. Jordi 12 S Klioner U. Lammers L. Lindegren 13 X. Luri 14 F. Mignard 15 C. Panem 16 D. Pourbaix 17 S. Randich P. Sartoretti 3 H. Siddiqui C. Soubiran 18 F. van Leeuwen N. Walton Frédéric Arenou 3 U. Bastian 19 M. Cropper 20 R. Drimmel D. Katz 3 M. Lattanzi 21 J. Bakker C. Cacciari C. Barache 22 C. Barata D. Barbato F. Barblan P. Barklem 23 D. Barrado 24 M. Barros M. Barstow 25 S. Bartholomé Muñoz J.-L Bassilana U. Becciani M. Bellazzini A. Berihuete S. Bertone L. Bianchi O. Bienaymé 26 S. Blanco-Cuaresma T. Boch C. Boeche A. Bombrun R. Borrachero 14 D. Bossini S. Bouquillon 22 G. Bourda 18 A. Bragaglia 27 L. Bramante M. Breddels 28 A. Bressan 8 N. Brouillet 29 T. Brüsemeister E. Brugaletta B. Bucciarelli A. Burlacu D. Busonero A Butkevich R. Buzzi E. Caffau 3 R. Cancelliere G. Cannizzaro T. Cantat-Gaudin 12 R. Carballo T. Carlucci 30 J Carrasco L. Casamiquela M. Castellani A. Castro-Ginard 12 P. Charlot 18 L. Chemin A. Chiavassa G. Cocozza G. Costigan 31 S. Cowell F. Crifo 3 M. Crosta C. Crowley J. Cuypers 32 C. Dafonte Y. Damerdji 33 A. Dapergolas P. David M. David P. de Laverny 15 F. de Luise 34 R. de March D. de Martino R. de Souza A. de Torres J. Debosscher 35 E. del Pozo M. Delbo 36 A. Delgado 37 H. Delgado S. Diakité C. Diener E. Distefano C. Dolding P. Drazinos J. Durán H. Enke K. Eriksson 38 P. Esquej G Bontemps C. Fabre 39 M. Fabrizio S. Faigler A. Falcão M Casas L. Federici G. Fedorets P. Fernique 26 F. Figueras F. Filippi K. Findeisen 3 A. Fonti E. Fraile M. Fraser 40 B. Frézouls M. Gai S. Galleti D. Garabato F. García-Sedano A. Garofalo D. Hobbs W. Hofmann G Holland H. Huckle A. Hypki V. Icardi K. Janßen G. Jevardat de Fombelle P. Jonker 41 C. Ordenovic 15 D. Ordóñez-Blanco P. Osborne C. Pagani I. Pagano F. Pailler H. Palacin L. Palaversa A. Panahi A. Steele 42 H. Steidelmüller C. Stephenson H. Stoev F. Suess J. Surdej 43 E. Szegedi-Elek D. Tapiador F. Taris G. Tauran M. Taylor R. Teixeira 44 D. Terrett P. Teyssandier 22 W. Thuillot 45 A. Titarenko F Torra Clotet C. Turon 3 A. Ulla E. Utrilla S. Uzzi M. Vaillant G. Valentini 46 V. Valette A. van Elteren E Hemelryck M. van Leeuwen M. Vaschetto A. Vecchiato 47 J. Veljanoski 28 Y. Viala 3 D. Vicente 48 S. Vogt C. von Essen H. Voss G. Brown L. Bailer-Jones A. Klioner J. Castañeda L. Chaoul N. Cheek F. de Angeli 49 C. Fabricius 50 R. Guerra 51 E. Masana 52 R. Messineo P. Panuzzo 53 J. Portell M. Riello M. Seabroke P. Tanga 15 F. Thévenin 15 G. Gracia-Abril G. Comoretto M. Garcia-Reinaldos D. Teyssier 54 M. Altmann 19 R. Andrae I. Bellas-Velidis K. Benson 55 J. Berthier 56 R. Blomme 32 P. Burgess G. Busso 49 B. Carry 54 A. Cellino 57 M. Clotet O. Creevey 58 M. Davidson 59 J. de Ridder 60 L. Delchambre A. Dell’oro C. Ducourant 18 J. Fernández-Hernández 61 M. Fouesneau Y. Frémat 32 L. Galluccio 62 M. García-Torres J. González-Núñez J. González-Vidal E. Gosset L. Guy L. Halbwachs N. Hambly L. Harrison J. Hernández D. Hestroffer 45 T. Hodgkin A. Hutton Gérard Jasniewicz 63 A. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo S. Jordan 64 A. Korn 38 A. Krone-Martins 65 C. Lanzafame T. Lebzelter W. Löffler M. Manteiga M. Marrese M. Martín-Fleitas A. Moitinho 66 A. Mora K. Muinonen 67 J. Osinde E. Pancino 68 T. Pauwels 32 Petit J.M. A. Recio-Blanco 15 J. Richards C. Robin L. Sarro C. Siopis M. Smith A. Sozzetti 57 M. Süveges J. Torra W. van Reeven U. Abbas A. Abreu Aramburu S. Accart G. Altavilla M. Alvarez R. Alvarez J. Alves A. Andrei E. Anglada Varela E. Antiche 14 T. Antoja B. Arcay L. Astraatmadja N. Bach G. Baker L. Balaguer-Núñez 69 P. Balm S. Barklem L. Bassilana G. Butkevich M. Carrasco B. Edvardsson 70 G. Eynard Bontemps M. Farràs Casas N. Garralda A. Gavel P. Gavras J. Gerssen R. Geyer P. Giacobbe G. Gilmore S. Girona G. Giuffrida M. Gomes M. Granvik A. Gueguen 71 A. Guerrier 16 J. Guiraud R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez R. Haigron 3 D. Hatzidimitriou 72 M. Hauser M. Haywood 3 U. Heiter 70 A. Helmi J. Heu 3 T. Hilger G. Holl G. Jonker L. Juhasz 73 F. Julbe 12 A. Karampelas A. Kewley J. Klar A. Kochoska R. Kohley 54 K. Kolenberg M. Kontizas E. Kontizas S. Koposov G. Kordopatis 15 Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska P. Koubsky S. Lambert F. Lanza Y. Lasne 74 B. Lavigne 75 Y. Le Fustec C. Le Poncin-Lafitte 22 Y. Lebreton 3, 76 S. Leccia 77 N. Leclerc 78 I. Lecoeur-Taibi H. Lenhardt F. Leroux S. Liao E. Licata P. Lindstrøm T. Lister E. Livanou A. Lobel 32 M. López D. Lorenz S. Managau R. Mann G. Mantelet 79 M. Marchant M. Marconi S. Marinoni G. Marschalkó D. Marshall M. Martino G. Marton 80 N. Mary D. Massari G. Matijevič J. Mcmillan S. Messina D. Michalik R. Millar D. Molina R. Molina 81 L. Molnar 82 P. Montegriffo R. Mor 83 T. Mor S. Mor D. Mor F. Mulone T. Muraveva I. Musella G. Nelemans L. Nicastro L. Noval W. O’mullane M. Pawlak M. Piersimoni F. Pineau E. Plachy G. Plum 3 E. Poggio E. Poujoulet A. Prša L. Pulone E. Racero S. Ragaini N. Rambaux 45 M. Ramos-Lerate S. Regibo C. Reylé F. Riclet V. Ripepi 77 A. Riva G. Rixon 49 T. Roegiers M. Roelens M. Romero-Gomez 84 N. Rowell F. Royer 3 L. Ruiz-Dern 16 G. Sadowski T. Sagristà Sellés J. Sahlmann J. Salgado E. Salguero N. Sanna T. Santana-Ros 85 M. Sarasso H. Savietto M. Schultheis E. Sciacca M. Segol C. Segovia D. Segransan 4 C. Shih L. Siltala F. Silva L. Smart K. Smith E. Solano 86 F. Solitro R. Sordo 8 S. Soria Nieto J. Souchay 22 A. Spagna F. Spoto U. Stampa F. Clotet E. van Hemelryck V. Votruba S. Voutsinas G. Walmsley M. Weiler 87 O. Wertz T. Wevers 88 Ł. Wyrzykowski A. Yoldas 49 M. Žerjal H. Ziaeepour 75 J. Zorec 89 S. Zschocke 90 S. Zucker C. Zurbach 91 T. Zwitter 92
1 Geneva Observatory
2 ISDC Data Centre for Astrophysics
3 GEPI - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation
4 ObsGE - Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève
5 UNIBO - Università di Bologna [Bologna]
6 School of Physics and Astronomy [Tel Aviv]
7 Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
8 OAPD - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
9 ESA - Agence Spatiale Européenne
10 ESTEC - European Space Research and Technology Centre
11 Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald
12 ICCUB - Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos
13 Lund Observatory
14 DAM - Departament d'Astronomia i Meteorologia [Barcelona]
15 CASSIOPEE - Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides
16 CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse]
17 ULB - Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles]
18 M2A 2019
LAB - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac]
19 Zentrum für astronomie
20 MSSL - Mullard Space Science Laboratory
21 ICRA - International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics
22 SYRTE - Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace
23 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala]
24 LAEX, Depto. Astrofísica
25 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester]
26 OAS - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
27 OABO - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna
28 Kapteyn Astronomical Institute [Groningen]
29 FORMATION STELLAIRE 2019
LAB - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac]
30 SYRTE - Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace
31 Leiden Observatory [Leiden]
32 Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels]
33 CESR - Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements
34 OAR - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
35 Institute of Astronomy [Leuven]
36 UNS-CNRS-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur
37 CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research
38 Department of Astronomy and Space Physics [Uppsala]
39 LKB (Lhomond) - Laboratoire Kastler Brossel
40 Aberystwyth University
41 IMAPP - Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics
42 Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution]
43 Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège]
44 IAG - Instituto de Astronomia, Geofisica e Ciencias Atmosfericas [Sao Paulo]
45 IMCCE - Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides
46 Dipartimento di Fisica
47 Astrometry
OATo - INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
48 Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
49 Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge]
50 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa]
51 Laboratorio de Inmunologıa y Virologıa
52 University of Barcelona
53 AIM - UMR 7158 - UMR E 9005 - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
54 ESAC - European Space Astronomy Centre
55 Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London]
56 CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
57 OATo - INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
58 IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale
59 CESBIO - Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère
60 Instituut voor Sterrenkunde [Leuven]
61 UTINAM - Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213)
62 LAGRANGE - Joseph Louis LAGRANGE
63 GRAAL - Groupe de Recherche en Astronomie et Astrophysique du Languedoc
64 GREGH - Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC
65 OASU - Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers
66 FCUL - SIM/IDL Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa
67 FGI - Finnish Geospatial Research Institute
68 OABO - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna
69 UB - Universitat de Barcelona
70 Uppsala University
71 DAPNIA - Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée
72 Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
73 DEE
74 LAB - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac]
75 LAL - Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire
76 IPR - Institut de Physique de Rennes
77 OAC - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
78 LIPHT - Laboratoire d'Ingienerie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies
79 ATMEL - Atmel Corporation
80 Helsinki University of Techology,
81 ISAE-SUPAERO - Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace
82 DRS-IPHC - Département Recherches Subatomiques
83 Institut de Ciènces del Cosmos (ICC)
84 LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
85 Astronomical Observatory [Poznan]
86 INTA-CSIC - Centro de Astrobiologia, Departamento de Astrofisica
87 Institute of Hydrology
88 Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen]
89 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
90 Lohrmann Observatory
91 LUPM - Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
92 University of Ljubljana
Abstract : Context. The ESA Gaia mission provides a unique time-domain survey for more than 1.6 billion sources with G 21 mag. Aims. We showcase stellar variability in the Galactic colour-absolute magnitude diagram (CaMD). We focus on pulsating, eruptive, and cataclysmic variables, as well as on stars that exhibit variability that is due to rotation and eclipses. Methods. We describe the locations of variable star classes, variable object fractions, and typical variability amplitudes throughout the CaMD and show how variability-related changes in colour and brightness induce "motions". To do this, we use 22 months of calibrated photometric, spectro-photometric, and astrometric Gaia data of stars with a significant parallax. To ensure that a large variety of variable star classes populate the CaMD, we crossmatched Gaia sources with known variable stars. We also used the statistics and variability detection modules of the Gaia variability pipeline. Corrections for interstellar extinction are not implemented in this article. Results. Gaia enables the first investigation of Galactic variable star populations in the CaMD on a similar, if not larger, scale as was previously done in the Magellanic Clouds. Although the observed colours are not corrected for reddening, distinct regions are visible in which variable stars occur. We determine variable star fractions to within the current detection thresholds of Gaia. Finally, we report the most complete description of variability-induced motion within the CaMD to date. Conclusions. Gaia enables novel insights into variability phenomena for an unprecedented number of stars, which will benefit the understanding of stellar astrophysics. The CaMD of Galactic variable stars provides crucial information on physical origins of variability in a way that has previously only been accessible for Galactic star clusters or external galaxies. Future Gaia data releases will enable significant improvements over this preview by providing longer time series, more accurate astrometry, and additional data types (time series BP and RP spectra, RVS spectra, and radial velocities), all for much larger samples of stars.
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LKB | L3AB | GEPI | ALLINSP | OMP-IRAP | OCA | HEC | UNIV-FCOMTE | IRFU-AIM | DRS-IPHC | LAM | CASSIOPEE | LUPM | IPHC | UNIV-RENNES1 | CEA | OMP-CESBIO | LAGRANGE | PSL | DSM-IRFU | IAP | INSU | IN2P3 | MIPS | LAL | UNIV-MONTPELLIER | UNICE | OMP | UNIV-COTEDAZUR | OBSPM | SITE-ALSACE | UNIV-RENNES | UNIV-LILLE | SYRTE | ENS-PARIS | UNIV-AMU | SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE | PARISTECH | UNIV-PARIS7 | IMCCE | OSU-INSTITUT-PYTHEAS | UR1-UFR-SPM | USPC | UNIV-PARIS-SACLAY | CEA-DRF | LUPM_AS | UNIV-TLSE3 | SU-SCIENCES | IPR | OSUR

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L. Eyer, L. Rimoldini, M. Audard, R. Anderson, K. Nienartowicz, et al.. Gaia Data Release 2. Variable stars in the colour-absolute magnitude diagram. Astronomy and Astrophysics - A&A, EDP Sciences, 2019, 623, pp.A110. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/201833304⟩. ⟨hal-02071443⟩

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