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. Ketchum, The Borrowed Years, pp.51-53

H. L. Ickes, The secret diary of Harold Ickes, Simon and Schuster, pp.472-475

, FRUS, vol.1, pp.684-689, 1938.

, Documents of American Foreign Relations, Boston: World Peace Foundation, pp.282-285, 1938.

, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Foreign Affairs. Second Series, vol.11, pp.226-234, 1937.

, Documents of American Foreign Relations, vol.1, p.297, 1938.

C. Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull, vol.1, pp.595-601, 1948.

J. W. Pratt and C. Hull, Documents on British Foreign Policy, vol.1, p.625, 1964.

N. Grigory, . Sevostyanov, and . Evropeisky-krizis-i-poziciya-ssha, Moskva: Nauka, 1972, 156; US Department of State, Peace and War. United States Foreign Policy, p.429, 1931.

M. L. Toepfer, Preconceptions: American governmental attitudes towards the Soviet Union during the 1938 Czechoslovakian crisis, Sv, vol.2, pp.526-533, 1976.

E. Taborsky, President Edward Bene?: between East and West, 1938.

S. Calif, Memoirs of Eduard Benes. From Munich to New War and New Victory. Cambridge, p.167, 1954.

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. Kiev, Tsentral'nyy derzhavnyy arkhiv Ukrayiny u m. Kyyevi (The Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv (hereafter, TsDIAK Ukrainy)), Collection 295, Box 1, Folder 579, page 53 rev, 1915.

. Shhegolev, Prilozhenie k otchetu po periodicheskoj pechatiza 1914 god, p.22

M. Shhegolev, Otchet po periodicheskoj pechati Kievskogo vremennogo komiteta po delam pechati za 1915 god

O. Kyriyenko, Viys'kova tsenzura tylovykh huberniy Kyyivs'koho viys'kovoho okruhu (1914-1917 rr.),' Ukrayins'kyy istorychnyy zbirnyk, vol.13, pp.182-92, 2010.

O. Kyriyenko, Rosiys'ka viys'kova tsenzura v ukrayins'kykh huberniyakh za chasiv Tymchasovoho uryadu, Problemy istoriyi Ukrayiny XIX -pochatku XX st, vol.19, pp.27-36, 2011.

O. Mukomela, Na zlami vikiv: Ukrayins'ka zhurnalistyka na pochatku XX st., Kyiv: Hramota, p.48, 2010.

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M. Shhegolev, Otchet po periodicheskoj pechati Kievskogo vremennogo komiteta po delam pechati za 1914 god, vol.295, p.16, 1915.

. Shhegolev, Prilozhenie k otchetu po periodicheskoj pechati za 1914 god, pp.5-6

. Komissar-g.-kieva and . Dorotov, Spisok proizvedenij pechati na ukrainskom jazyke, vypushhennyh v svet v gor. Kieve v 1917 g. po 4 dekabrja i zaregistrirovannyh v kanceljarii komissara po gorodu Kievu, Collection, vol.292, 1917.

M. Beller and . Perception, Imagology: the cultural construction and literary representation of national characters: a critical survey, pp.3-16, 2007.

W. Lippmann, Public Opinion, pp.317-337, 1997.

B. Mironov, Social'naja istorija Rossii perioda imperii (XVIII-nachalo XX v

S. Mahonina, Istorija russkoj zhurnalistiki nachala XX veka, (Moskva: Flinta, 2004.

, Boris Mironov, Social'naja istorija Rossii, pp.294-299

V. Molchanov and . Zhyttyevyy-riven, , p.182

M. Shhegolev, Prilozhenija k Otchetu po periodicheskoj pechati Kievskogo vremennogo komiteta po delam pechati za 1913 g, vol.9, p.302, 1914.

A. Kappeler, The Russian Empire: A Multiethnic History, Harlow: Longman, 2001.

A. Roshwald, Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, Russia and the Middle East, pp.1914-1923, 2001.

E. Lohr, War nationalism, p.28, 2014.

J. Sanborn, Imperial Apocalypse: The Great War and the Destruction of the Russian Empire, 2014.

N. Dobronravin, Rossija i nepriznannye gosudarstva v period Pervoj mirovoj vojny 1914-1916 gg, vol.3, pp.60-73, 2014.

S. Fal and &. Kovich, Pol'skij vopros v treh rossijskih revoljucijah, Revoljucionnaja Rossija 1917 goda i pol'skij vopros: Novye istochniki, novye vzgljady, pp.20-27, 2009.

G. Matveev, Fevral'skaja revoljucija v Rossii i pol'skij vopros,' in: Revoljucionnaja Rossija 1917 goda i pol'skij vopros: Novye istochniki, novye vzgljady, pp.85-92, 2009.

A. Bahturina, . Ukraina, R. Galicija-v-politicheskih-planah, and . Imperii, Avstro-Vengrii i Germanii v 1916 g.,' in: Politika Rossijskoj Imperii v Vostochnoj Galicii v gody Pervoj mirovoj vojny, p.30, 2000.

A. Nowak, Leszek Ja?kiewicz, 'Carat i sprawy polskie na prze?omie XIX i XX wieku, Imperialna polityka Rosji wobec Polski 1795-1914,' in: Polacy, Rosjanie i Biesy. Studia i szkice historyczne z XIX i XX wieku, vol.36, pp.16-32, 1914.

V. Boyechko, Aktyvizatsiya pol's'kykh natsional'nykh syl u period Pershoyi svitovoyi viyny (1914-1918) ta vidrodzhennya Nezalezhnoyi Pol'shchi,' Naukovi pratsi, Istoriya, vol.195, pp.40-48, 2012.

M. Oleksandr, Pol's'ke pytannya na pochatku Pershoyi svitovoyi viyny, Visnyk NU Derzhava ta armiya, vol.408, pp.183-190, 2000.

M. Pan and &. Kiv, Polyaky v rosiys'kiy imperiyi. Ohlyad suchasnoyi pol's'koyi istoriohrafiyi, Skhid-Zakhid: Istoryko-kul'turolohichnyy zbirnyk, pp.319-353, 2008.

L. Engelstein, Slavjanskaja' propaganda Rossii protiv 'germanizma',' in: Propaganda na Russkom fronte v gody Pervoj mirovoj vojny, Fascination and Enmity: Russia and Germany as Entangled Histories, p.33, 1914.

. Kappeler, The Russian Empire, pp.328-69

L. L-skij, . Poljaki-v-prussii, &. Kopejka-;-l.-l-skij, and . Bor'ba-protiv-poljakov-v-prussii, Pol'sha,' Kievskaja Mysl, Juzhnaja Kopejka, 1914.

. German, Drang nach Osten' denotes the 'Drive to the East'. It was broadly used by the Entente propaganda (Vejas Liulevicius, The German Myth of the East, vol.13, 2009.

&. Knigochij, &. Iz-proshlogo-vostochnoj-prussii, and . Kiev, , 1914.

A. Volynec and . ?. Nasha-vnutrennjaja-nemetchina, , 1914.

A. Volynec and ?. ?. Nasha-vnutrennjaja-nemetchina, , 1914.

D. Skrynchenko, &. O-nemcah-v-rossii, ;. A. Kiev, . Kajskij, &. Germanskaja-kolonizacija et al., Nemeckoe zemlevladenie v Rossii, Juzhnaja Kopejka, vol.1, p.3, 1914.

A. Volynec, Nemeckie appetity na Pol'shu, 1914.

A. Volynec, &. Nemcy-i-poljaki, and . Kiev, , 1914.

. Volynec, Nemcy i poljaki

. Man, &. Na-vokzale, and . Kiev, , 1914.

A. Bahturina, ;. E. Jan-ok, !. Pust'-krasnejut, and . Kopejka, Nemeckoe nashestvie (Rasskaz postradavshego),' Juzhnaja Kopejka, 3. 86 'Nemcy v Privisljan'e, vol.8, p.3, 1914.

A. A-ch,-'iz-chenstohova and J. Kopejka, , pp.1-2, 1915.

A. A-ch,-'hozjajnichanie-nemcev and J. Kopejka, Hronika vojny. Iz okkupirovannoj germancami Pol'shi,' Kievskaja Mysl, 1915.

A. , Nemcy v pol'skoj provincii, Juzhnaja Kopejka, 1915.

A. A-ch, J. Nemcy-v-bendine, and . Kopejka, Vesti iz zanjatyh germancami mest, Poslednie Novosti, p.3, 1915.

V. Elatomskij, . Rossija, &. Slavjanstvo-i-'zheleznyj-kancler, and &. Kiev, Ch-r, ' 'Sobcy' v slavjanstve, pp.1-2, 1915.

A. L. , Vekovaja bor'ba slavjanstva s nemcami. Slavjane i Gogencollerny, 1915.

. Chestmir, Germanskie uzhasy i slavjanskie mechty, 1915.

N. P. 'nemeckij-mir,'-poslednie-novosti, Jenzis, 'Chego hotjat nemeckie imperialisty, Kievskaja Mysl, 1914.

A. Kajskij, &. 'blagodejanija'-nemeckoj-kul'tury, and &. Kiev, Nemcy v Sosnovicah (Ot nashego Varshavskogo korrespondenta),' Juzhnaja Kopejka, 3. 103 'V Lodzi, p.16, 1914.

, 2. 104 'Nashestvie gunnov, Poslednie Novosti, 1915.

L. Kozlovskij, Nemeckie zavoevateli v proizvedenijah Boleslava Prusa, 1915.

. St, . Vl, and . Rejmont, V prusskoj shkole (perevod s pol'skogo),' Poslednie Novosti, 1914.

. Osipov, . Iz-dnevnika-istorii, . Vechnye-vragi, ;. N. Kopejka, &. Galicija-i-poznan et al., Vosstanovlenie Pol'shi, vol.3, p.3, 1915.

V. Varshave and . Kievljanin, Volunteer Legions were an example of wartime nationalist activism which intended to win support for the final goal of self determination of the nation via military 122 'Poslednie vesti iz Varshavy, 1915.

M. Cvjatkovs'kij,-'sredi-vragov,'-kievljanin, , 1915.

. Cvjatkovs'kij, Sredi vragov,' 2. 126 'Rasstrel grafa Poninskogo, 1915.

, Remarkably, the conflict was presented in a clear ethnic category as a clash between the commanding German power and its Polish subjects -despite the fact that Jozef Pilsudski's Polish legion's units were subordinated to the Austro-Hungarian army. 128 'V Varshave, 1915.

;. N. Jenzis and . Germanija-i-rossija, Dva goda zverstv, Pol'sha pod voprositel'nym znakom, vol.2, 1915.

L. Sosnin, Osnovnye principy nemeckoj politiki i nemeckoj taktiki, p.14

, Proekt' germans'kogo doktora (Genca Potgofa),' Kievljanin, p.1, 1916.

&. Chestmir, &. 'kroty'-v-slavjanstve, and . Kiev, , 1916.

, a widely spread form of antiwar frontline protest of the of Russian army soldiers. It was instigated not only by the revolutionary soldiers' committees but also by the Bolshevik agitators and special Austro-German units. Being a vicious violation of military discipline, fraternization significantly influenced the decay of the Russian army (See: Sergej Bazanov, 'Nemeckie soldaty stali? perepolzat' k russkim 'tovarishham' i bratat'sja s nimi, The Polish part of the Austro Hungarian Galicia province was omitted in the enemy' became, vol.6, pp.43-50, 2002.

V. Stechkin, Komu blizhe krasnoe znamja?' Juzhnaja Kopejka, vol.2, p.3, 1917.

M. Chernyavs'kyy and . Ne-pytannya-v-rosiyi, 1-2. 159 'Nimechchyna i Pol'shcha, Nimechchyna i Pol'shcha, issue.1, 0160.

. Yak, . Mk, N. Ii, and . Rada, 1. 163 'Z pol's'koyi presy, 1917.

M. Lev, &. Pol, and . ???, the Russian Provisional Government issued a proclamation recognising the right of the Polish nation to form its own state on the basis of Congress Poland, German and Austro Hungarian ethnic Polish territories. However, the final decision on the Polish question was delegated to the prospective all Russian Constituent Assembly. Also, the proclamation assumed the creation of the 'Free military alliance' between Poland and Russia, pp.88-90, 1917.

G. D. Vozzvanija and &. Kievljanin, , pp.1-2, 1917.

G. D. Vozzvanija, , pp.1-2

V. Shul'gin and . Kiev, 8 go aprelja 1917 g. (po telegrafu iz Petrograda),' Kievljanin, 1917.

M. Lev, Pod belym orlom na krasnom pole. K pol'skomu s'ezdu, 1917.

V. Shul'gin and . Kiev, g. (po telegrafu iz Petrograda),' Kievljanin, 1917.

F. Fischer, Bündnis der Eliten: Zur Kontinuität der Machtstrukturen in Deutschland 1871-1945, 1979.

O. Waever, . Identity, and . Policy, Discourse analysis as foreign policy theory' in: European Integration and National Identity: The challenge of the Nordic states, p.32, 2002.

. Waever, Identity, communities and foreign policy, p.31

O. German, Ins Herz sollst du dir graben/Dies Wort als wie in Stein:/Was wir verloren haben/Darf nicht verloren sein

, 11 Essays and Speeches on Various Subjects by Gustav Stresemann, pp.114-119, 1930.

B. Schot, Nation oder Staat? Deutschland und der Minderheitenschutz : zur Völkerbundspolitik der Stresemann-Ära, J.G. Herder Institut, vol.27, issue.13, 1988.

, Berlin in Lights: The diaries of Count Harry Kessler (1918-1937), p.102, 1999.

D. Thomas and M. , The Heroic Earth: Geopolitical Thought in Weimar Germany, p.46, 1997.

N. J. Spykman, Geography and Foreign Policy II, American Political Science Review, vol.32, issue.2, p.236, 1938.

. Murphy, The Heroic Earth, x

. Burgdörfer and J. Volk-ohne, , vol.419, p.423

D. Burgdörfer and . Geburtenrückgang, , p.160

B. Hipler, Hitlers Lehrmeister: Karl Haushofer als Vater der NS-Ideologie

. St and . Ottilien, , p.7, 1996.

, Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy, p.237, 2013.

. Murphy, The Heroic Earth, 241. 29 Cited in Hipler, Hitlers Lehrmeister, p.18

. Murphy, The Heroic Earth

J. A. Williams, Weimar Culture Revisited, p.133, 2011.

H. Hesse and D. Morgenlandfahrt, Berlin: Suhrkamp, p.10, 1933.

K. Wolff and K. Wolff, A Portrait in Essays and Letters, the University of, p.127, 1991.

A. H. Sammartino, The Impossible Border: Germany and the East (1914-1922), p.5, 2010.

C. Brubaker and N. , , p.116

H. E. Volkmann, , pp.122-125, 1970.

J. Hiden, B. The, W. States, . Ostpolitik, and . Cambridge, 40 Letter from 'Ostexport', an organ for goods exchange between Germany and East-Central Europe, Deutschtumspolitik zur Zeit der Weimarer Republik: Eine Studie am Beispiel der deutsch-baltischen Minderheit in Estland und Lettland (Beiträge zur baltischen Geschichte), p.245, 1920.

. Stresemann, , p.148, 1922.

M. Klusek, Gustav Stresemanns Osteuropa Politik in den Jahren 1923-1929: unter besonder Berücksichtigung seines Verhältnisses zur USSR, p.103, 2011.

. Hiden, The Baltic States and Weimar Ostpolitik, 44. 44 'Im Namen und Auftrage des Baltischen Nationalausschusses, 21 Juli 1919' // Bundesarchiv Lichterfelde (hereafter, BArch). R 8054-27 fol, vol.1, p.15

D. Grundmann, , p.297

, Letter from Dr. Rosenstock, Kodlin to the Reich's foreign ministry // BArch. R901/80982, p.62

B. Heinrich-von, Mein Erlebnis der Brüderlichkeit: Aufzeichnungen aus dem Jahre, Norderstedt: Books on Demand, p.23, 1979.

L. Henry and . Bretton, Stresemann and the Revision of Versailles: a Fight for Reason, 1953.

B. Schot, D. Stresemann, . Deutsche-osten-und-der, and . Völkerverbund, , p.5, 1984.

. Waever, Identity, communities and foreign policy, p.31

. Bretton, Stresemann and the Revision of Versailles, p.125

K. Zeitung, , 1925.

S. Schot and D. Deutsche-osten, , p.60

, League of Nations, Official Journal, pp.520-522, 1929.

. Stresemann, , 1925.

S. Schot and D. Deutsche,

F. Salomon, , p.340

C. Siegert, Deutschbalten in Deutschland in der Zwischenkriegszeit. Versuch einer politischen Einordnung, Nordost-Archiv, issue.2, p.83, 1996.

D. Grundmann, , p.336

, Reich's office for emigration, vol.1, p.4, 1928.

. Bretton, Stresemann and the Revision of Versailles, p.126

, There are just a few books devoted to the subject which had been published a several decades ago: William Starr Myers, The Foreign Policies of Herbert Hoover, pp.1929-1933, 1940.

H. Robert and . Ferrell, American Diplomacy in the Great Depression. Hoover -Stimson Foreign Policy, pp.1929-1933, 1957.

H. Hoover, President of the United States, 1975.

J. Hoff-wilson and H. Hoover, Forgotten Progressive, 1975.

D. Burner and H. Hoover, , 1979.

G. H. Nash, L. Of, and H. Hoover, An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover, The Life of Herbert Hoover: Fighting Quaker, 1928.

A. Deconde, H. Hoover's-latin-american-policy, R. Stanford-;-earl, and . Curry, Hoover's Dominican Policy and the Origins of the Good Neighbor Policy, 1951.

, Let me mention the most useful, such as: Neal Pease, Poland, The United States, and the Stabilization of Europe, pp.1919-1933, 1986.

P. S. Wandycz, The United States and Poland, 1980.

H. Hoover and . Poland, A Documentary History of a Friendship, compiled and with an introduction by, 1977.

, For more see, my two books in Polish on the subject -Polska w europejskiej polityce Stanów Zjednoczonych w okresie prezydentury Herberta C. Hoovera (1929-1933). Bia?ystok: Dzia? Wydawnictw Filii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego w Bia?ym-stoku, 1991 and Zapomniany prezydent, Biografia polityczna Herberta Clarka Hoovera. Bia?ystok: Versus, 1993.

, There is abundant literature on the ARA and Hoover's role in it. For more on its activities in Poland see, pp.1919-1922, 1923.

H. Harold, A. Fisher, S. The-new-poland-;-hugh, S. Gibson, . Vauclain et al., American Polish Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 1920. 7 'Herbert Hoover -A Personal Sketch, vol.261, 1928.

, Paderewski was one of the most effective proponents and champions of the closer association and assistance with America what played a visible and vital role especially during his prime-ministership. For more, see Bogus?aw Winid, W cieniu Kapitolu. Dyplomacja polska wobec Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki, pp.1919-1939, 1991.

H. Hoover, The Memoirs, v. I, Years of Adventure 1874-1920, pp.355-62, 1951.

Z. Parafianowicz and . Prezydent, , pp.58-59

H. For-more-see and . Parafianowicz, The Legend of Herbert C. Hoover in Poland in the Period between the Two World Wars, the European Grain. American Studies From Central and Eastern Europe, pp.159-68, 1990.

H. Parafianowicz and Z. Prezydent, , pp.59-60

. Certainly and . Poland, as well as in East-Central Europe, were fascinated by the United States's economic, political, ideological and industrial power. Exhausted by the war, disillusioned with their own societies, p.13

D. Wolno?ci, W rocznic? narodzin Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki. Ksi?ga zbiorowa wydana staraniem Komitetu Centralnego Obchodu 150-lecia Niepodleg?o?ci Stanów Zjednoczonych. Warszawa 1926. 14 '10 lat aktywno?ci Towarzystwa Polsko Ameryka?skiego' // Archiwum Akt Nowych (hereafter, AAN), Ambasada RP w Waszyngtonie, vol.596, pp.1775-1926

W. See and J. Barber, From New Era to New Deal: Herbert Hoover, the Economists, and American Economic Policy, pp.1921-1933, 1962.

S. Arct, Warszawa 1920. In 1921 a special issue of '?wiat' ('The World') was published, fully devoted to America and American friends. There was part dedicated to Hoover in recognition of his humanitarian activities with very emotional yet naïve poem 'Herbert Hoover ?ywiciel, Projekt odbudowy Polski przy pomocy ameryka?skiej

, Ciechanowski to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1928.

, Revolution and Peace (hereafter, HI), Poland. Ambasada (US)

B. John, H. Stetson, and . Hoover, Pre-Presidential Papers, // Hoover Presidential Library (hereafter, HPL), p.22, 1928.

G. Warszawska, , p.9, 1928.

, Stanis?aw ?epkowski to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, pp.106-113, 1929.

, FRUS, vol.1, pp.799-807, 1932.

, The New York Times, 1929.

H. Hoover, Exchange of Messages with the President of Poland on the

, The American Presidency Project, p.23, 1929.

R. Dyboski, Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki Pó?nocnej. Wra?enia i refleksje, 1930.

W. Wa?kowicz and L. Kotnowski, Ambasada RP w Waszyngtonie, vol.822, 1929.

, Tytus Filipowicz to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1924.

H. Hoover, Remarks on the Ceremony Honoring Madame Marie Curie, The American Presidency Project, p.23, 1929.

, Filipowicz reports to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

/. Hi and A. Poland, Box 4, f. 4. Stanford, USA; Parafianowicz, Polska w europejskiej, p.69, 1929.

G. Polska, , 1929.

H. Hoover, Message on the Unveiling of a Statue of Woodrow Wilson in

P. Pozna?, The American Presidency Project, p.42, 1931.

K. Pozna?ski, , vol.1, 1931.

G. Polska, , 1932.

, The New York Times informed briefly that it was 'purely a military affair, vol.23, 1932.

. Wandycz, The United States, p.215

W. Lippman and . Interpretations, The Macmillan Company, 1932, 228; Wandycz, The United States, p.213

. Fausold, The Presidency, 189 ('some excitement ensued during visit')

. Meyers, The Foreign Policies, 183 ('undiplomatic speech' of Borah)

G. Polska, , vol.12, p.3, 1931.

H. Hoover and . Poland, , pp.38-39

. Parafianowicz, , p.140

, Ambasada RP w Waszyngtonie, 242. Warsaw, Poland. 60 'The Polish Corridor: Revison or Peace?, Foreign Affairs, vol.10, issue.4, p.63, 1931.

M. L. Fausold, T. Presidency, C. Herbert, . Hoover, and . Lawrence, , p.167, 1985.

P. Pease, , p.175

P. Pease, the United States, p.130