Genus theory and ε-conjectures on p-class groups
Résumé
We suspect that the ``genus part'' of the class number of a number field K may be an obstruction for an ``easy proof'' of the classical ε-conjecture for p-class groups and, a fortiori, for a proof of the ``strong ε-conjecture'': #Cl_K <<_(d,p,ε) (√D_K)^ε, for all K of degree d. We analyze the weight of genus theory in this inequality by means of an infinite family of degree p cyclic fields with many ramified primes, then we prove the p-rank form of the ε-conjecture: #(Cl_K/Cl_K^p) <<_(d,p,ε) (√D_K)^ε, for d=p and the family of degree p cyclic extensions of Q (Theorem 2.5) then sketch the case of arbitrary base fields. The possible obstruction for the strong form, in the degree p cyclic case, is the order of magnitude of the set of ``exceptional'' p-classes given by a well-known non predictible algorithm, but controled thanks to recent density results due to Koymans--Pagano. Then we compare the ε-conjectures with some p-adic conjectures, of Brauer--Siegel type, about the torsion group T_K of the Galois group of the maximal abelian p-ramified pro-p-extension of totally real number fields K. We give numerical computations with the corresponding PARI/GP programs.
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