, We thank Christine Vallet-Coulomb (CEREGE, France) for the isotope analysis of modern Lake Petit waters and Pauline Chaurand (CEREGE, France) for providing help with the micro-XRF measurements. Thanks to Alain Tonetto (Aix-Marseille University) for managing the SEM in Marseille. Coring of Lake Petit, 2009 and 2012) was made possible thanks to Fabien Arnaud (EDYTEM), Charline Giguet-Covex (EDYTEM), Emmanuel Malet (EDYTEM)
, Jérome Poulenard (EDYTEM) and Bruno Wilhelm (LTHE)
Oxygen isotope analyses of fine silica grains using laser-extraction technique: Comparison with oxygen isotope data obtained from ion microprobe analyses and application to quartzite and silcrete cement investigation, Giovanni Zanchetta Reviewed by: two anonymous referees References Alexandre, vol.70, pp.2827-2835, 2006. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01909611
, The oxygen isotopic composition of phytolith assemblages from tropical rainforest soil tops, vol.8, pp.307-324, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01795354
Holocene climatic instability: A prominent, widespread event 8200 yr ago, Geology, vol.25, pp.483-486, 1997. ,
7200 years of Rhone river flooding activity in Lake Le Bourget, France: a high-resolution sediment record of NW Alps hydrology, The Holocene, vol.15, pp.420-428, 2005. ,
Lake Bourget regional erosion patterns reconstruction reveals Holocene NW European Alps soil evolution and paleohydrology, Quaternary Sci. Rev, vol.51, pp.81-92, 2012. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00736588
A 14,000-year oxygen isotope record from diatom silica in two alpine lakes on Mt, Science, vol.292, pp.2307-2310, 2001. ,
The 8200 cal. BP abrupt environmental change and the Neolithic transition: A Mediterranean perspective, Quatern. Int, pp.31-49, 2009. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00266107
The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean Region: an overview, Clim. Past Discuss, 2018. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-02104912
Flexible paleoclimate age-depth models using an autoregressive gamma process, Bayesian Anal, vol.6, pp.457-474, 2011. ,
, A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates, vol.278, pp.1257-1266, 1997.
A severe centennial-scale drought in midcontinental North America 4200 years ago and apparent global linkages, The Holocene, vol.15, pp.321-328, 2005. ,
Highresolution sediment and vegetation responses to Younger Dryas climate change in varved lake sediments from Meerfelder Maar, Quaternary Sci. Rev, vol.18, pp.321-329, 1999. ,
Approche multidisciplinaire d'une séquence lacustre holocène dans les alpes du sud au Lac Petit (Mercantour, alt. 2 200 m, France)?, histoire d'un géosystème dégradé, Quaternaire, vol.23, pp.309-319, 2012. ,
Non-reversible geosystem destabilisation at 4200 cal. BP: Sedimentological, geochemical and botanical markers of soil erosion recorded in a Mediterranean alpine lake, The Holocene, vol.23, pp.1863-1874, 2013. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00880413
Lateglacial/Holocene environmental changes in the Mediterranean Alps inferred from lacustrine sediments, Quaternary Sci. Rev, vol.110, pp.49-71, 2015. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02046338
Relations entre paléohydrologie et morphogenèse holocènes des petits et moyens bassin-versants en basse Provence et Languedoc oriental. Les fleuves ont une histoire: paléo-environnement des rivières et des lacs français depuis 15 000 ans, Histoire des rivières et des lacs de Lascaux à nos jours, pp.259-267, 2002. ,
, Trajectoires des écosystèmes lacustres alpins depuis 13500 ans dans les Alpes méditerranéennes (Massif du Mercantour, France), vol.235, 2016.
5000 years of lacustrine ecosystem changes from Lake Petit (Southern Alps, 2200 m asl): Regime shift and resilience of algal communities, The Holocene, vol.25, pp.1231-1245, 2015. ,
Isotopic typology of the precipitation in the Western Mediterranean region at three different time scales, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.28, pp.1215-1218, 2001. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02135129
Oxygen18 variations of rainwater during precipitation: application of the Rayleigh model to selected rainfalls in Southern France, J. Hydrol, vol.289, pp.165-177, 2004. ,
A high-performance, safer and semiwww, vol.15, pp.253-263, 2019. ,
Shedding light on a climatic pulse at 4.2 ka automated approach for the ?18O analysis of diatom silica and new methods for removing exchangeable oxygen, Rapid Commun. Mass Spect, vol.24, pp.2655-2664, 2010. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02010676
Millennium-long summer temperature variations in the European Alps as reconstructed from tree rings, Clim. Past, vol.6, pp.379-400, 2010. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00801942
IR laser extraction technique applied to oxygen isotope analysis of small biogenic silica samples, Anal. Chem, vol.80, pp.2372-2378, 2008. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01691655
Climate change and the collapse of the Akkadian empire: Evidence from the deep sea, Geology, vol.28, pp.379-382, 2000. ,
Eastern Mediterranean hydroclimate over the late glacial and Holocene, reconstructed from the sediments of Nar lake, central Turkey, using stable isotopes and carbonate mineralogy, Quaternary Sci. Rev, vol.22, pp.162-174, 2003. ,
Reconstruction and paleoclimatic interpretation of Holocene lakelevel changes in Lac de Saint-Léger, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl, vol.136, pp.231-258, 1997. ,
Dehydroxylation and diagenetic variations in diatom oxygen isotope values, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac, vol.199, pp.185-195, 2017. ,
Late Holocene drought responsible for the collapse of Old World civilizations is recorded in an Italian cave flowstone, Geology, vol.34, pp.101-104, 2006. ,
Reanalysis of 47 Years of Climate in the French Alps (1958-2005): Climatology and Trends for Snow Cover, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol, vol.48, pp.2487-2512, 2009. ,
Climatology, and Trends for Air Temperature and Precipitation, Methodology, Model Validation, vol.48, pp.429-449, 1958. ,
ABHANDLUNGEN-Evidence and chronology of the Little Ice Age in the Argentera Massif (italian maritime alps), Z. Gletscherk. Glazial, vol.37, pp.35-48, 2001. ,
A chironomid-based Holocene summer air temperature reconstruction from the Swiss Alps, The Holocene, vol.13, pp.477-484, 2003. ,
Glacier and lakelevel variations in west-central Europe over the last 3500 years, The Holocene, vol.15, pp.789-801, 2005. ,
Extraordinary floods related to the climatic event at 4200 cal. BP on the Qishuihe River, middle reaches of the Yellow River, Quaternary Sci. Rev, vol.30, pp.460-468, 2011. ,
Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation. The GNIP Database, 2018. ,
The 4.2 ka event in the central Mediterranean: new data from a Corchia speleothem, Clim. Past, vol.15, pp.135-151, 2019. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-02104912
Is paleoclimatic interpretation of oxygen isotope records from glaciated Great Plains possible, Abstracts, AMQUA, vol.15, p.119, 1998. ,
Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier variations in the European Alps, Quaternary Sci. Rev, vol.28, pp.2137-2149, 2009. ,
Alpes-Maritimes) depuis des milleìnaires, L'homme et la veìgeìtation dans la reìgion du mont Bego, vol.330, pp.889-894, 2000. ,
High-impact floods and flash floods in Mediterranean countries: the FLASH preliminary database, Adv. Geosci, vol.23, pp.47-55, 2010. ,
A review of the oxygen isotope composition of lacustrine diatom silica for palaeoclimate reconstruction, Earth-Sci. Rev, vol.75, pp.5-27, 2006. ,
Reconstitution des fluctuations glaciaires holocènes dans les Alpes occidentales: apports de la dendrochronologie et de la datation par isotopes cosmogéniques produits in situ, 2012. ,
10 Be exposure dating of the timing of Neoglacial glacier advances in the Ecrins-Pelvoux massif, southern French Alps, Quaternary Sci. Rev, vol.178, pp.118-138, 2017. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01765614
, Cyclones in the Mediterranean region: climatology and effects on the environment, in: Developments in earth and environmental sciences, vol.4, pp.325-372, 2006.
Do diatoms in the Swiss Alps reflect the length of ice-cover?, Aqua. Sci, vol.62, pp.125-141, 2000. ,
, Holocene climate changes in the central Mediterranean as recorded by lakelevel fluctuations at Lake Accesa, vol.26, pp.1736-1758, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01115821
Possible complexity of the climatic event around 43003800 cal, BP in the central and western Mediterranean, vol.19, pp.823-833, 2009. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00402792
, Holocene palaeohydrological changes in the northern Mediter
Shedding light on a climatic pulse at 4.2 ka 263 ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02010676
, North-south palaeohydrological contrasts in the central Mediterranean during the Holocene: tentative synthesis and working hypotheses, vol.77, pp.2043-2071, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00861167
Évolution historique de la morphogenèse et de la dynamique fluviale d'une rivière méditerranéenne?, l'exemple de la moyenne durance (France du sud-est), Géogr. Phys. Quatern, vol.52, pp.381-392, 1998. ,
Grandes seìquences et principales ruptures morphogeìniques en haute Provence les complexes seìdimentaires des petits organismes torrentiels de moyenne Durance, pp.145-154, 2008. ,
Contrasting patterns of climatic changes during the Holocene across the Italian Peninsula reconstructed from pollen data, Clim. Past, vol.9, pp.1233-1252, 2013. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00931351
ka): diatom-inferred ? 18 O values and hydro-isotopic modeling, Quaternary Sci. Rev, vol.120, pp.93-106, 2015. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01909526
Diatom and crustacean zooplankton communities, their seasonal variability and representation in the sediments of subarctic Lake Saanajärvi, J. Limnol, vol.59, pp.81-96, 2000. ,
A calibration of the triple oxygen isotope fractionation in the SiO 2-H 2 O system and applications to natural samples, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, vol.68, pp.105-119, 2007. ,
Climate change at the 4.2 ka BP termination of the Indus valley civilization and Holocene south Asian monsoon variability, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.30, 1425. ,
From accumulation to discharge: modification of stable isotopes during glacial and post-glacial processes, Hydrol. Process, vol.14, pp.1423-1438, 2000. ,
Global isoscapes for ? 18 O and ? 2 H in precipitation: improved prediction using regionalized climatic regression models, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci, vol.17, pp.4713-4728, 2013. ,
Kilimanjaro ice core records: evidence of Holocene climate change in tropical Africa, Science, vol.298, pp.589-593, 2002. ,
Formal subdivision of the Holocene series/epoch: a discussion paper by a working group of INTIMATE (integration of ice-core, marine and terrestrial records) and the subcommission on quaternary stratigraphy (international commission on stratigraphy, J. Quat. Sci, vol.29, pp.649-659, 2001. ,
The genesis and collapse of third millennium north Mesopotamian civilization, Science, vol.261, pp.995-1004, 1993. ,
Tephrostratigraphy, chronology and climatic events of the Mediterranean basin during the Holocene: An overview, The Holocene, vol.21, pp.33-52, 2011. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00509144
The so-called "4.2 event" in the central Mediterranean and its climatic teleconnections, Alp. Mediterr. Quat, vol.29, pp.5-17, 2016. ,
MidHolocene cluster of large-scale landslides revealed in the Southwestern Alps by 36Cl dating. Insight on an Alpine-scale landslide activity, Quaternary Sci. Rev, vol.90, pp.253-263, 2014. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00996722